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排序方式: 共有394条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Kimie Date Tomomi Yamazaki Yoko Toyoda Kumi Hoshi Haruko Ogawa 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2020,121(2):1238-1249
α-Amylase, which plays an essential role in starch degradation, is expressed mainly in the pancreas and salivary glands. Human α-amylase is also detected in other tissues, but it is unclear whether the α-amylase is endogenously expressed in each tissue or mixed exogenously with one expressed by the pancreas or salivary glands. Furthermore, the biological significance of these α-amylases detected in tissues other than the pancreas and salivary glands has not been elucidated. We discovered that human α-amylase is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells and analyzed the effects of suppressing α-amylase expression. α-Amylase was found to be expressed at the second-highest messenger RNA level in the duodenum in human normal tissues after the pancreas. α-Amylase was detected in the cell extract of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but not secreted into the culture medium. The amount of α-amylase expressed increased depending on the length of the culture of Caco-2 cells, suggesting that α-amylase is expressed in small intestine epithelial cells rather than the colon because the cells differentiate spontaneously upon reaching confluence in culture to exhibit the characteristics of small intestinal epithelial cells rather than colon cells. The α-amylase expressed in Caco-2 cells had enzymatic activity and was identified as AMY2B, one of the two isoforms of pancreatic α-amylase. The suppression of α-amylase expression by small interfering RNA inhibited cell differentiation and proliferation. These results demonstrate for the first time that α-amylase is expressed in human intestinal epithelial cells and affects cell proliferation and differentiation. This α-amylase may induce the proliferation and differentiation of small intestine epithelial cells, supporting a rapid turnover of cells to maintain a healthy intestinal lumen. 相似文献
22.
Ling Xu Megumi Kanasaki Jianhua He Munehiro Kitada Kenji Nagao Hiroko Jinzu Yasushi Noguchi Hiroshi Maegawa Keizo Kanasaki Daisuke Koya 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2013,1832(10):1605-1612
Ketogenic amino acid (KAA) replacement diet has been shown to cure hepatic steatosis, a serious liver disease associated with diverse metabolic defects. In this study, we investigated the effects of KAA replacement diet on nutrition sensing signaling pathway and analyzed whether induction of hepatic autophagy was involved. Mice are fed with high fat diet (HFD) or KAA replacement in high-fat diet (30% fat in food; HFD)-fed (HFDKAAR) and sacrificed at 8, 12, 16 weeks after initiation of experimental food. Hepatic autophagy was analyzed in protein expression of several autophagy-associated molecules and in light chain-3 green fluorescent protein (LC-3 GFP) transgenic mice. HFDKAAR showed increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and enhanced liver kinase B1 (LKB1) expression compared to control HFD-fed mice. The KAA-HFD-induced activation of AMPK was associated with an increased protein expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), decreased forkhead box protein O3a (Foxo3a) level, and suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation compared with the HFD-fed mice. The intervention study revealed that a KAA-replacement diet also ameliorated all the established metabolic and autophagy defects in the HFD-fed mice, suggesting that a KAA-replacement diet can be used therapeutically in established diseases. These results indicate that KAA replacement in food could be a novel strategy to combat hepatic steatosis and metabolic abnormalities likely involvement of an induction of autophagy. 相似文献
23.
Eleanor Burnett Tenneth Dalipanda Divi Ogaoga Jenny Gaiofa Gregory Jilini Alison Halpin Vance Dietz Kashmira Date Eric Mintz Terri Hyde Kathleen Wannemuehler Catherine Yen 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2016,10(8)
BackgroundIn response to a 2011 cholera outbreak in Papua New Guinea, the Government of the Solomon Islands initiated a cholera prevention program which included cholera disease prevention and treatment messaging, community meetings, and a pre-emptive cholera vaccination campaign targeting 11,000 children aged 1–15 years in selected communities in Choiseul and Western Provinces.ConclusionsThis pre-emptive OCV campaign in a cholera-naïve community provided a unique opportunity to assess household-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding diarrhea, cholera, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Our findings suggest that education provided during the vaccination campaign may have reinforced earlier mass messaging about cholera and diarrheal disease in vaccinated communities. 相似文献
24.
Ogawa H Takusagawa F Wakaki K Kishi H Eskandarian MR Kobayashi M Date T Huh NH Pitot HC 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1999,274(18):12855-12860
A pCW vector harboring rat liver serine dehydratase cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed level was about 5-fold higher in E. coli BL21 than in JM109 cell extract; the former lacked two kinds of proteases. Immunoblot analysis revealed the occurrence of a derivative other than serine dehydratase in the JM109 cell extract. The recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity. Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and trypsin cleaved the enzyme at Glu-206 and Lys-220, respectively, with a concomitant loss of enzyme activity. Spectrophotometrically, the nicked enzyme showed a approximately 50% reduced capacity for binding of the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate and no spectral change of circular dichroism in the region at 300-480 nm, whereas circular dichroism spectra of both enzymes in the far-UV region were similar, suggesting that proteolysis impairs the coenzyme binding without an accompanying gross change of the secondary structure. Whereas the nicked enzyme behaved like the intact enzyme on Sephadex G-75 column chromatography, it was dissociated into two fragments on the column containing 6 M urea. Upon the removal of urea, both fragments spontaneously refolded. These results suggest that serine dehydratase consists of two folding domains connected by a region that is very susceptible to proteases. 相似文献
25.
Somatostatin suppresses ghrelin secretion from the rat stomach 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Shimada M Date Y Mondal MS Toshinai K Shimbara T Fukunaga K Murakami N Miyazato M Kangawa K Yoshimatsu H Matsuo H Nakazato M 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2003,302(3):520-525
Ghrelin is an acylated peptide that stimulates food intake and the secretion of growth hormone. While ghrelin is predominantly synthesized in a subset of endocrine cells in the oxyntic gland of the human and rat stomach, the mechanism regulating ghrelin secretion remains unknown. Somatostatin, a peptide produced in the gastric oxyntic mucosa, is known to suppress secretion of several gastrointestinal peptides in a paracrine fashion. By double immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that somatostatin-immunoreactive cells contact ghrelin-immunoreactive cells. A single intravenous injection of somatostatin reduced the systemic plasma concentration of ghrelin in rats. Continuous infusion of somatostatin into the gastric artery of the vascularly perfused rat stomach suppressed ghrelin secretion in both dose- and time-dependent manner. These findings indicate that ghrelin secretion from the stomach is regulated by gastric somatostatin. 相似文献
26.
Molecular cloning and characterization of novel ficolins from<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Xenopus laevis</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Kakinuma Y Endo Y Takahashi M Nakata M Matsushita M Takenoshita S Fujita T 《Immunogenetics》2003,55(1):29-37
Ficolins are proteins characterized by the presence of collagen- and fibrinogen-like domains. Two of three human ficolins, L-ficolin and H-ficolin, are serum lectins and are thought to play crucial roles in host defense through opsonization and complement activation. To elucidate the evolution of ficolins and the primordial complement lectin pathway, we cloned four ficolin cDNAs from Xenopus laevis, termed Xenopus ficolin (XeFCN) 1, 2, 3 and 4. The deduced amino acid sequences of the four ficolins revealed the conserved collagen- and fibrinogen-like domains. The full sequences of the four ficolins showed a 42-56% identity to human ficolins, and 60-83% between one another. Northern blots showed that XeFCN1 was expressed mainly in liver, spleen and heart, and XeFCN2 and XeFCN4 mainly in peripheral blood leukocytes, lung and spleen. We isolated ficolin proteins from Xenopus serum by affinity chromatography on N-acetylglucosamine-agarose, followed by ion-exchange chromatography. The final eluate showed polymeric bands composed of two components of 37 and 40 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequences and treatment with endoglycosidase F showed that the two bands are the same XeFCN1 protein with different masses of N-linked sugar. The polymeric form of the two types of XeFCN1 specifically recognized GlcNAc and GalNAc residues. These results suggest that like human L-ficolin, XeFCN1 functions in the circulation through its lectin activity. 相似文献
27.
Upon bacterial infection, insects secrete a set of synthesized antibacterial proteins into the hemolymph and initiate synergistic
destruction of invaders. Cecropin is one such antibacterial protein which is also found in vertebrates. To study the evolutionary
history and mechanism of the Cecropin gene family, we determined DNA sequences of one isogenic In(3R)C and six isofemale lines of Drosophila melanogaster as well as one line of D. simulans and of D. yakuba. The phylogenetic analysis of these sequences together with those published for D. virilis and Sarcophaga peregrina reveals frequent gene re-organization. It was also found that silent nucleotide differences within D. melanogaster are quite heterogeneous across the gene region of approximately 3 kilobases and the extent of polymorphism is unusually usually
high. These data suggest that the Cecropin gene region of D. melanogaster underwent intragenic recombination as well as introgression from a closely related sibling species, D. simulans.
Received: 31 July 1997 / Revised: 24 October 1997 相似文献
28.
29.
Masayoshi Shinjoh Norio Sugaya Yoshio Yamaguchi Yuka Tomidokoro Shinichiro Sekiguchi Keiko Mitamura Motoko Fujino Hiroyuki Shiro Osamu Komiyama Nobuhiko Taguchi Yuji Nakata Naoko Yoshida Atsushi Narabayashi Michiko Myokai Masanori Sato Munehiro Furuichi Hiroaki Baba Hisayo Fujita Akihiro Sato Ichiro Ookawara Kenichiro Tsunematsu Makoto Yoshida Mio Kono Fumie Tanaka Chiharu Kawakami Takahisa Kimiya Takao Takahashi Satoshi Iwata Keio Pediatric Influenza Research Group 《PloS one》2015,10(8)
We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in children 6 months to 15 years of age in 22 hospitals in Japan during the 2013–14 season. Our study was conducted according to a test-negative case-control design based on influenza rapid diagnostic test (IRDT) results. Outpatients who came to our clinics with a fever of 38°C or over and had undergone an IRDT were enrolled in this study. Patients with positive IRDT results were recorded as cases, and patients with negative results were recorded as controls. Between November 2013 and March 2014, a total of 4727 pediatric patients (6 months to 15 years of age) were enrolled: 876 were positive for influenza A, 66 for A(H1N1)pdm09 and in the other 810 the subtype was unknown; 1405 were positive for influenza B; and 2445 were negative for influenza. Overall VE was 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39–52). Adjusted VE against influenza A, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and influenza B was 63% (95% CI, 56–69), 77% (95% CI, 59–87), and 26% (95% CI, 14–36), respectively. Influenza vaccine was not effective against either influenza A or influenza B in infants 6 to 11 months of age. Two doses of influenza vaccine provided better protection against influenza A infection than a single dose did. VE against hospitalization influenza A infection was 76%. Influenza vaccine was effective against influenza A, especially against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, but was much less effective against influenza B. 相似文献
30.
Atsuhiko Toyoshima Takao Yasuhara Masahiro Kameda Jun Morimoto Hayato Takeuchi Feifei Wang Tatsuya Sasaki Susumu Sasada Aiko Shinko Takaaki Wakamori Mihoko Okazaki Akihiko Kondo Takashi Agari Cesario V. Borlongan Isao Date 《PloS one》2015,10(6)