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91.
Muhammad Usman Shujaat Khan Seongyong Park Jeong-A Lee 《Current issues in molecular biology》2021,43(3):1489
It is of utmost importance to develop a computational method for accurate prediction of antioxidants, as they play a vital role in the prevention of several diseases caused by oxidative stress. In this correspondence, we present an effective computational methodology based on the notion of deep latent space encoding. A deep neural network classifier fused with an auto-encoder learns class labels in a pruned latent space. This strategy has eliminated the need to separately develop classifier and the feature selection model, allowing the standalone model to effectively harness discriminating feature space and perform improved predictions. A thorough analytical study has been presented alongwith the PCA/tSNE visualization and PCA-GCNR scores to show the discriminating power of the proposed method. The proposed method showed a high MCC value of 0.43 and a balanced accuracy of 76.2%, which is superior to the existing models. The model has been evaluated on an independent dataset during which it outperformed the contemporary methods by correctly identifying the novel proteins with an accuracy of 95%. 相似文献
92.
Pantothenate kinase–associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an incurable rare genetic disorder of children and young adults caused by mutations in the PANK2 gene, which encodes an enzyme critical for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A. Although PKAN affects only a small number of patients, it shares several hallmarks of more common neurodegenerative diseases of older adults such as Alzheimer''s disease and Parkinson''s disease. Advances in etiological understanding and treatment of PKAN could therefore have implications for our understanding of more common diseases and may shed new lights on the physiological importance of coenzyme A, a cofactor critical for the operation of various cellular metabolic processes. The large body of knowledge that accumulated over the years around PKAN pathology, including but not limited to studies of various PKAN models and therapies, has contributed not only to progress in our understanding of the disease but also, importantly, to the crystallization of key questions that guide future investigations of the disease. In this review, we will summarize this knowledge and demonstrate how it forms the backdrop to new avenues of research. 相似文献
93.
Abd Nasir Ah Yusuf Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan Makhfudli Makhfudli 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2022,16(4)
BackgroundFamily involvement in overcoming the severity of leprosy is very important in the life of leprosy sufferers in communities who experience the clinical and, psychological, social and behavioral consequences of the disease. However, this need, psychosocial, is felt to be not optimal. This study is to identify how the experiences of family members as caregivers provide assistance to individuals with leprosy in improving healing and maintaining patterns of interaction in the family.MethodsThe design uses qualitative research with in-depth, face-to-face interviews with family members in a semi-structured manner with the hope of obtaining complete data. Using purposive sampling with Participatory Interpretative Phenomenology analysis, there are 12 families with 15 family members consisting of 4 men and 11 women.ResultsThis study produced a family theme that tried to follow what would happen to individuals with leprosy, with four sub-categories: 1) Using various coping alternatives to recognize the disease, 2) Family members in the shadow of leprosy, 3) Trying to empathize with other family members. sick, 4) Caring for the emotional response of the family and seeking support.ConclusionsThis analysis shows that deficiency in cognitive aspects can be closed by maintaining a lifestyle in the family through efforts to understand, support, establish communication, increase maximum involvement in restoring self-confidence, especially in individuals with leprosy with psychosocial problems in the family. The results of this study can be used as psychosocial support in maintaining communication between family members to support treatment programs and accelerate the recovery of leprosy. 相似文献
94.
Asia Nosheen Humaira Yasmin Rabia Naz Rumana Keyani Saqib Mumtaz Syed Babar Hussain Muhammad Nadeem Hassan Othman M. Alzahrani Ahmed Noureldeen Hadeer Darwish 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(1):43-52
Biodiesel is considered as a potential alternative energy source, but problem exists with the quantity and quality of feedstock used for it. To improve the feedstock quality of biodiesel, a field experiment was conducted under natural conditions. Cultivar Thori of kasumbha was used in the experiment. Commercialized biofertilizers were applied at the rate of 20 kg per acre and chemical fertilizer (diammonium phosphate) was applied as half dose (15 kg/ha). Results indicated that number of leaf plant−1, leaf area, number of seeds capitulum−1 was significantly increased by biofertilizer treatment alone (BF) and combine treatment of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer (BFCF). Agronomic traits such as plant height, no. of branches of a plant, no. of capitulum/plant was improved significantly by BF treatment over the control. Maximum 1000 seed weight (41%) and seed yield (23%) were recorded in half dose of chemical fertilizers treatment (CFH). Seed oil content and seed phenolics were significantly improved by BF and CF treatments while maximum biodiesel yield was recorded by BF treatment. Maximum oleic acid was recorded by BF treatment while other fatty acids being maximum in control except linoleic acid in BFCF treatment. Results for specific gravity were non-significant while acid value and free fatty acid contents were substantially reduced by BF treatment as compared to other treatments. Maximum value of iodine number was recorded in BFCF treatment while tocopherol contents were improved by BF treatment. It is inferred that biofertilizer treatment alone perform better as compared to other treatments and 50% chemical fertilizer can be replaced using biofertilizer which is a good approach for sustainable environmental-friendly agriculture.Keyword: Green energy, Biofuel, Biodiesel, Kasumbha, Biofertilizers, Fatty acid, NMR 相似文献
95.
Xin Hu Bili Zhang Xi Zheng Haoyan Ji Kun Feng Xiaosong Hu Isma Gul Muhammad Nadeem Abbas Hongjuan Cui Yong Zhu 《Current issues in molecular biology》2022,44(2):777
Eicosanoids are crucial downstream signals in the insect immune responses. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes phospholipids, the initial step in eicosanoid biosynthesis. In mammals, the biological roles of Ca2+-independent Phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) have been extensively studied; however, only a few studies have attempted to explore iPLA2 functions in insects. In this study, we identified two iPLA2 genes (designated as BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B) in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. BmiPLA2A had a 2427 base pair (bp) open reading frame (ORF) that coded for a protein with 808 amino acids. In contrast, BmiPLA2B had a 1731 bp ORF that coded for a protein with 576 amino acids. Domain analysis revealed that BmiPLA2A had six ankyrin repeat domains, but BmiPLA2B lacks these domains. BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B were transcribed widely in various tissues and developmental stages with different expression patterns. The administration of 20-hydroxyecdysone increased their expression levels in the epidermis and hemocytes. Furthermore, challenged with virus, fungus, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria induced the expression of BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B with variable degrees along with different time points. Our findings imply that BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B may have important biological roles in the development and innate immunity of B. mori. 相似文献
96.
Markus Waldeck-Weiermair Muhammad Rizwan Alam Muhammad Jadoon Khan Andras T. Deak Neelanjan Vishnu Felix Karsten Hiromi Imamura Wolfgang F. Graier Roland Malli 《PloS one》2012,7(9)
The transfer of Ca2+ from the cytosol into the lumen of mitochondria is a crucial process that impacts cell signaling in multiple ways. Cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyto) can be excellently quantified with the ratiometric Ca2+ probe fura-2, while genetically encoded Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based fluorescent Ca2+ sensors, the cameleons, are efficiently used to specifically measure Ca2+ within organelles. However, because of a significant overlap of the fura-2 emission with the spectra of the cyan and yellow fluorescent protein of most of the existing cameleons, the measurement of fura-2 and cameleons within one given cell is a complex task. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to simultaneously assess [Ca2+]cyto and mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]mito) signals at the single cell level. In order to eliminate the spectral overlap we developed a novel red-shifted cameleon, D1GO-Cam, in which the green and orange fluorescent proteins were used as the FRET pair. This ratiometric Ca2+ probe could be successfully targeted to mitochondria and was suitable to be used simultaneously with fura-2 to correlate [Ca2+]cyto and [Ca2+]mito within same individual cells. Our data indicate that depending on the kinetics of [Ca2+]cyto rises there is a significant lag between onset of [Ca2+]cyto and [Ca2+]mito signals, pointing to a certain threshold of [Ca2+]cyto necessary to activate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. The temporal correlation between [Ca2+]mito and [Ca2+]cyto as well as the efficiency of the transfer of Ca2+ from the cytosol into mitochondria varies between different cell types. Moreover, slow mitochondrial Ca2+ extrusion and a desensitization of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake cause a clear difference in patterns of mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations of pancreatic beta-cells in response to D-glucose. 相似文献
97.
James P Higham Michael Heistermann Carina Saggau Muhammad Agil Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah Antje Engelhardt 《BMC evolutionary biology》2012,12(1):1-10
Background
Host-parasite coevolution can lead to local adaptation of either parasite or host if there is specificity (GxG interactions) and asymmetric evolutionary potential between host and parasite. This has been demonstrated both experimentally and in field studies, but a substantial proportion of studies fail to detect such clear-cut patterns. One explanation for this is that adaptation can be masked by counter-adaptation by the antagonist. Additionally, genetic architecture underlying the interaction is often highly complex thus preventing specific adaptive responses. Here, we have employed a reciprocal cross-infection experiment to unravel the adaptive responses of two components of fitness affecting both parties with different complexities of the underlying genetic architecture (i.e. mortality and spore load). Furthermore, our experimental coevolution of hosts (Tribolium castaneum) and parasites (Nosema whitei) included paired replicates of naive hosts from identical genetic backgrounds to allow separation between host- and parasite-specific responses.Results
In hosts, coevolution led to higher resistance and altered resistance profiles compared to paired control lines. Host genotype × parasite genotype interactions (GH × GP) were observed for spore load (the trait of lower genetic complexity), but not for mortality. Overall parasite performance correlated with resistance of its matching host coevolution background reflecting a directional and unspecific response to strength of selection during coevolution. Despite high selective pressures exerted by the obligatory killing parasite, and host- and parasite-specific mortality profiles, no general pattern of local adaptation was observed, but one case of parasite maladaptation was consistently observed on both coevolved and control host populations. In addition, the use of replicate control host populations in the assay revealed one case of host maladaptation and one case of parasite adaptation that was masked by host counter-adaptation, suggesting the presence of complex and probably dynamically changing fitness landscapes.Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that the use of replicate naive populations can be a useful tool to differentiate between host and parasite adaptation in complex and dynamic fitness landscapes. The absence of clear local adaptation patterns during coevolution with a sexual host showing a complex genetic architecture for resistance suggests that directional selection for generality may be more important attributes of host-parasite coevolution than commonly assumed. 相似文献98.
Wendy Cammer D. Stephen Snyder Thomas R. Zimmerman Jr. Muhammad Farooq William T. Norton 《Journal of neurochemistry》1982,38(2):360-367
Abstract: Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were determined in Oligodendrocytes, neurons, and astrocytes isolated from the brains of developing rats. The activity of each enzyme was significantly lower in both neurons and astrocytes than in Oligodendrocytes. The GPDH activity in Oligodendrocytes increased more than 4-fold during development, and at 120 days cells of this type had 1.4-fold the specific activity of forebrain homogenates. The G6PDH activities in Oligodendrocytes from 10-day-old rats were 1.4-fold the activities in the forebrain homogenates. The activities of this enzyme in Oligodendrocytes were progressively lower at later ages, such that at 120 days the cells had 0.8 times the specific activities of homogenates. The Oligodendrocytes had 0.6 times the homogenate activities of LDH at 10 days, and this ratio had decreased to 0.2 by 120 days. These enzymes were also measured in myelin isolated from 20-, 60-, and 120-day-old rats. By 120 days the specific activities of G6PDH and LDH in myelin were <8% of the respective activities in homogenates. The GPDH activity in myelin was, however, at least 20% the specific activity in the homogenates, even in the oldest animals. It is proposed that LDH could be used as a marker for oligodendroglial cytoplasm in subfractions of myelin and in myelin-related membrane vesicles. 相似文献
99.
Seed Treatment with Auxins Modulates Growth and Ion Partitioning in Salt-stressed Wheat Plants 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Muhammad lqbal Muhammad Ashraf 《植物学报(英文版)》2007,49(7):1003-1015
Experiments were performed to determine whether seed priming with different concentrations (100, 150, and 200 mg/L) of auxins (indoleacetic acid (IAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA), or their precursor tryptophane (Trp)) could alter salinity induced perturbances in salicylic acid and ion concentrations and, hence, growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, namely M.H.-97 (salt intolerant) and tnqtab-91 (salt tolerant). Primed and non-primed seeds were sown in Petri dishes in a growth room, as well as in a field treated with 15 dS/m NaCl salinity. All priming agents, except IBA, increased the final germination percentage in both cultivars. The seedlings of either cultivar raised from Trp-treated seeds had greater dry biomass when under salt stress. In field experiments, Trp priming was much more effective in mediating the increase in grain yield, irrespective of the cultivar, under salt stress. The alleviatory effect of Trp was found to be associated with reduced uptake of Na^+ in the roots and subsequent translocation to the shoots, as well as increased partitioning of Ca^+ in the roots of salt-stressed wheat plants. Plants of both cultivars raised from Trp-and IAA-treated seeds accumulated free salicylic acid in their leaves when under salt stress. Overall, the Trp priming-induced improvement in germination and the subsequent growth of wheat plants could be related to ion homeostasis when under salt stress. The possible involvement of salicylic acid in the Trp priming-induced better growth under Conditions of salt stress is discussed. 相似文献
100.
A survey was conducted with the aim to document the indigenous information of Charkotli Hills, Batkhela District, Malakand,
Pakistan. The area has rich vegetation and a high potential for ethnobotanical utilization. Information was collected on various
traditional uses of 100 plants distributed over 49 families, of which 43 families were of dicot, 2 of monocot, 2 of pteridophyta,
and 1 of gymnosperms. Most plants have more than one local use. Sixty-six plants were found to be medicinal species, 21 fruit
and edible seed species, 11 furniture species, 18 fodder or forage species, 12 vegetable species, 12 fuel species, 11 thatching
and building species, 5 hedge or fencing species, 5 timber wood species, 5 poisonous plants, 3 species used in ketchup, 2
fixed oil yielding species, 2 miswak species, 2 species for making sticks for cattle and defense purposes, 2 species cultivated
for ornamental purposes, 2 species used as mehindi by girls, 1 irritant species, 1 species for the making of Salai (a little
stick for applying ‘surma’ to the eyes), 1 species for tanning, 1 species used as refresher in milk pots, 1 species giving
gum used as chewing gum, and 1 species used as insect repellent. The area is under heavy pressure of deforestation and overgrazing,
which have reduced the regeneration of woody plants. Proper ecological management is required to protect the wildlife and
ethnobotanical resources for the coming generations. 相似文献