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91.
Muhammad Afzal Imran Kazmi Anwarulabedin Mohsin Quazi Aftab Ahmad Fahad A. Al-Abaasi Faisal Imam Khalid Saad Alharbi Sami I. Alzarea Ameeduzzafar Zafar 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(6):3418-3423
The 6-shogaol, is a flavanone type flavonoid that is abundant in citrus fruit and has a wide range of pharmacological effects. The present study attempted to evaluate the antiurolithic effect of 6-shogaol on ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC)-induced experimental urolithiasis in rats. The efficacy of 6-shogaol 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg was studied in EG 0.75% (V/V) and AC 1% (W/V) experimentally induced urolithiasis in rats for 21 days. The weight difference, urine volume, the levels of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, oxalate and uric acid in urine was observed. The blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid in serum and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were also measured. Histopathological analyses in kidneys were also performed. The rats weights were higher in the 6-shogaol groups than the urolithiasis group. EG caused a significant increase in serum creatinine (p < 0.05), BUN (P < 0.001), and uric acid (p < 0.01) while treatment with Cystone (750 mg/kg), and 6-shogaol (50 and 100 mg/kg) showed the significant reduction in increased serum levels of creatinine (p < 0.001), uric acid (p < 0.01) and BUN (p < 0.001). Administration of EG and AC showed statistically significant (p < 0.001) elevated levels of MDA and reduction in GSH levels. Treatment of Cystone (750 mg/kg), and 6-shogaol (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced MDA levels and an increase GSH levels as compared to EG and AC-treated group. The histological findings further attested antiurolithiatic properties of 6-shogaol. The present study attributed clinical shreds of evidence first time that claiming the significant antiurolithic effect of 6-shogaol and could be a cost-effective candidate for the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis. 相似文献
92.
Amjad Ullah Ivana Tlak Gajger Arnold Majoros Showket Ahmad Dar Sanaullah Khan Ayesha Haleem Shah Muhammad Nasir Khabir Riaz Hussain Hikmat Ullah Khan Mehwish Hameed Syed Ishtiaq Anjum 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(1):523-530
Honey bee is vital for pollination and ecological services, boosting crops productivity in terms of quality and quantity and production of colony products: wax, royal jelly, bee venom, honey, pollen and propolis. Honey bees are most important plant pollinators and almost one third of diet depends on bee’s pollination, worth billions of dollars. Hence the role that honey bees have in environment and their economic importance in food production, their health is of dominant significance. Honey bees can be infected by various pathogens like: viruses, bacteria, fungi, or infested by parasitic mites. At least more than 20 viruses have been identified to infect honey bees worldwide, generally from Dicistroviridae as well as Iflaviridae families, like ABPV (Acute Bee Paralysis Virus), BQCV (Black Queen Cell Virus), KBV (Kashmir Bee Virus), SBV (Sacbrood Virus), CBPV (Chronic bee paralysis virus), SBPV (Slow Bee Paralysis Virus) along with IAPV (Israeli acute paralysis virus), and DWV (Deformed Wing Virus) are prominent and cause infections harmful for honey bee colonies health. This issue about honey bee viruses demonstrates remarkably how diverse this field is, and considerable work has to be done to get a comprehensive interpretation of the bee virology. 相似文献
93.
Waleed H. AlMalki Imran Shahid Ashraf N. Abdalla Ayman K. Johargy Muhammad Ahmed Sajida Hassan 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(3):1664-1677
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes are pre-requisite to predict endemicity, epidemiology, clinical pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. HCV genotypes 4 and 1 are the most prevalent in Saudi Arabia, however; less consensus data exist on circulating HCV subtypes in infected individuals. This study was aimed to demonstrate the virological surveillance, phylogenetic analysis, and evolutionary relationship of HCV genotypes 4 and 1 subtypes in the Saudi population with the rest of the world. Fifty-five clinical specimens from different parts of the country were analyzed based on 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) amplification, direct sequencing, and for molecular evolutionary genetic analysis. Pair-wise comparison and multiple sequence alignment were performed to determine the nucleotide conservation, nucleotide variation, and positional mutations within the sequenced isolates. The evolutionary relationship of sequenced HCV isolates with referenced HCV strains from the rest of the world was established by computing pairwise genetic distances and generating phylogenetic trees. Twelve new sequences were submitted to GenBank, NCBI database. The results revealed that HCV subtype 4a is more prevalent preceded by 1a in the Saudi population. Molecular phylogeny predicts the descendants’ relationship of subtype 4a isolates very close to Egyptian prototype HCV strains, while 1a isolates were homogeneous and clustering to the European and North American genetic lineages. The implications of this study highlight the importance of HCV subtyping as an indispensable tool to monitor the distribution of viral strains, to determine the risk factors of infection prevalence, and to investigate clinical differences of treatment outcomes among intergenotypic and intragenotypic isolates in the treated population. 相似文献
94.
Amara Hassan Syeda Fasiha Amjad Muhammad Hamzah Saleem Humaira Yasmin Muhammad Imran Muhammad Riaz Qurban Ali Faiz Ahmad Joyia Shakeel Ahmed Shafaqat Ali Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(8):4276-4290
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal grain and is known as a halophyte (a halophyte is a salt-tolerant plant that grows in soil or waters of high salinity). We therefore conducted a pot experiment to explore plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, stomatal properties, oxidative stress and antioxidant response and their associated gene expression and absorption of ions in H. Vulgare. The soil used for this analysis was artificially spiked at different salinity concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and different levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) were supplied to plants (0, 30 and 60 mM) shortly after germination of the seed. The results of the present study showed that plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters, stomatal properties and ion uptake were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by salinity stress, whereas oxidative stress was induced in plants by generating the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells/tissues compared to plants grown in the control treatment. Initially, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and relative gene expression increased to a saline level of 100 mM, and then decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by increasing the saline level (150 mM) in the soil compared to plants grown at 0 mM of salinity. We also elucidated that negative impact of salt stress in H. vulgare plants can overcome by the exogenous application of AsA, which not only increased morpho-physiological traits but decreased oxidative stress in the plants by increasing activities of enzymatic antioxidants. We have also explained the negative effect of salt stress on H. vulgare can decrease by exogenous application of AsA, which not only improved morpho-physiological characteristics, ions accumulation in the roots and shoots of the plants, but decreased oxidative stress in plants by increasing antioxidant compounds (enzymatic and non-enzymatic). Taken together, recognizing AsA's role in nutrient uptake introduces new possibilities for agricultural use of this compound and provides a valuable basis for improving plant tolerance and adaptability to potential salinity stress adjustment. 相似文献
95.
Mehwish Iqtedar Mehral Aslam Muhammad Akhyar Asma Shehzaad Roheena Abdullah Afshan Kaleem 《Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology》2013,43(2):136-142
AbstractBiosynthesis of metal nanoparticles is an area of interest among researchers because of its eco-friendly approach. Current study focuses at biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and optimization of physico-chemical conditions to obtain mono-dispersed and stable AgNPs having antimicrobial activity. Initially Bacillus mojavensis BTCB15 produced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of 105?nm. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by particle size analyzer, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Whereas, under optimal conditions of temperature 55?°C, pH 8, addition of surfactant Tween 20, and metal ion K2SO4, about 104% size reduction was achieved with average size of 2.3nm. Molecular characterization revealed 98% sequence homology with Bacillus mojavensis. AgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.5?µg/µl against Escherichia coli BTCB03, Klebsiella pneumonia BTCB04, Acinetobacter sp. BTCB05, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa BTCB01 but none against Staphylococcus aureus BTCB02. Highest antibacterial activity was observed at 0.27?µg/µl and lowest at 0.05?µg/µl of AgNPs indicated by zone of inhibition. Conclusively, under optimum conditions, Bacillus mojavensis BTCB15 was able to produce AgNPs of 2.3?nm size and had antibacterial activity against multi drug resistant pathogens. 相似文献
96.
Muhammad Yasir Haji Khan Syed Sikander Azam Amar Telke Seon Won Kim Young Ryun Chung 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2013,51(3):329-335
In the vermicomposting of paper mill sludge, the activity of earthworms is very dependent on dietetic polysaccharides including cellulose as energy sources. Most of these polymers are degraded by the host microbiota and considered potentially important source for cellulolytic enzymes. In the present study, a metagenomic library was constructed from vermicompost (VC) prepared with paper mill sludge and dairy sludge (fresh sludge, FS) and functionally screened for cellulolytic activities. Eighteen cellulase expressing clones were isolated from about 89,000 fosmid clones libraries. A short fragment library was constructed from the most active positive clone (cMGL504) and one open reading frame (ORF) of 1,092 bp encoding an endo-β-1,4-glucanase was indentified which showed 88% similarity with Cellvibrio mixtus cellulase A gene. The endo-β-1,4-glucanase cmgl504 gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant cmgl504 cellulase displayed activities at a broad range of temperature (25–55°C) and pH (5.5–8.5). The enzyme degraded carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with 15.4 U, while having low activity against avicel. No detectable activity was found for xylan and laminarin. The enzyme activity was stimulated by potassium chloride. The deduced protein and three-dimensional structure of metagenome-derived cellulase cmgl504 possessed all features, including general architecture, signature motifs, and N-terminal signal peptide, followed by the catalytic domain of cellulase belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 5 (GHF5). The cellulases cloned in this work may play important roles in the degradation of celluloses in vermicomposting process and could be exploited for industrial application in future. 相似文献
97.
Sadia Ferheen Aziz-Ur-Rehman Nighat Afza Lubna Iqbal Muhammad Azam Rasool 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(5):1128-1132
Galinsosides A (1) and B (2), new flavanone glucosides together with two known flavanones, 7,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavanone (3) and 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxyflavanone (4) have been isolated from an ethyl acetate- soluble fraction of Galinsoga parviflora. Their structures were assigned on the basis of spectral studies. Compound 1 showed significant antioxidant and urease inhibitory activity while compound 2 was moderately active. On the other hand, 2 showed inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase. 相似文献
98.
Muhammad Nisar Inamullah Khan Bashir Ahmad Ihsan Ali Waqar Ahmad Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(2):256-260
Current study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antifungal and antibacterial potential of methanol extract and subsequent fractions obtained after partitioning in organic solvents with variable polarity of the aerial parts of the tree Taxus wallichiana Zucc. Traditionally, this plant is often used in folk medicines in Pakistan for treating microbial infections. In order to rationalize the traditional use, methanol extracts of leaf, bark, and heartwood of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. were tested against six bacteria and six fungal strains using the Hole diffusion and macro-dilution methods. All extracts and fractions displayed significant antimicrobial effect. Only three fungal strains, Trichophyton longifusus, Microspoum canis, and Fusarium solani were susceptible to the extracts and fractions with MICs ranging from 0.08 to 200 mg/mL. In case of bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi were susceptible to the extracts and fractions with MICs ranging from 0.08 to 200 mg/mL. Comparison results were carried out using imipinem, miconazole and amphotericin B as standard antibiotics. 相似文献
99.
Humayun Pervez Mohammad S. Iqbal Muhammad Younas Tahir Faiz-ul-Hassan Nasim Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary Khalid Mohammed Khan 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(6):848-854
A series of 15 previously reported N4-substituted isatin-3-thiosemicarbazones 3a-o has been screened for cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal and urease inhibitory activities. Compounds 3b, 3e and 3n proved to be active in cytotoxicity assay; 3e exhibited a high degree of cytotoxic activity (LD50 = 1.10 × 10? 5 M). Compound 3h exhibited significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, whereas compounds 3a, 3k and 3l displayed significant antifungal activity against one or more fungal strains i.e. T. longifusus, A. flavus and M. canis. In human urease enzyme inhibition assay, compounds 3g, 3k and 3m proved to be the most potent inhibitors, exhibiting relatively pronounced inhibition of the enzyme. These compounds, being non-toxic, could be potential candidates for orally effective therapeutic agents to treat certain clinical conditions induced by bacterial ureases like H. pylori urease. This study presents the first example of inhibition of urease by isatin-thiosemicarbazones and as such provides a solid basis for further research on such compounds to develop more potent inhibitors. 相似文献
100.
Muhammad Zareef Rashid Iqbal Neira Gamboa De Dominguez Juan Rodrigues Javid H. Zaidi Muhammad Arfan 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(3):301-308
A series of new benzenesulfonamides, most of which are chiral, incorporating 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole and amino acid moieties have been synthesized. Some of these compounds were screened for antimalarial activity and also evaluated for their ability to inhibit hem polymerization. The electrophoretic analysis indicated that one compound was effective in inhibiting the degradation of hemoglobin. The synthesized compounds were tested in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. These derivatives have the potential for the development of novel antimalarial lead compounds. 相似文献