Blockchain based secure,efficient and coordinated energy trading and data sharing between electric vehicles

Cluster Computing - In this study, a secure and coordinated blockchain based energy trading system for Electric Vehicles (EVs) is presented. The major goals of this study are to provide secure and...     

The genetic drivers for the successful invasive potential of a generalist bird,the House crow

Biological Invasions - What kind of genetic structure helps the rapid range expansion of the invasive species is fundamental to understand spread of invasion. The House crow (Corvus splendens), an...     

Production and antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites in Hassawi rice (Oryza sativa L.) cell suspension under salicylic acid,yeast extract,and pectin elicitation

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant - Plants that produce bioactive chemicals provide a viable in vitro method for producing key nutraceutical substances, especially in the...     

Shedding light on the EpCAM: An overview

The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a Type I transmembrane superficial glycoprotein antigen that is expressed on the surface of basolateral membrane of multiple epithelial cells with some exceptions such as epidermal keratinocytes, hepatocytes, thymic cortical epithelial cells, squamous stratified epithelial cells, and myoepithelial cells that do not express the molecule. The molecule plays a pivotal role in the structural integrity, adhesion of the epithelial tissues and their interaction with the underlying layers. EpCAM prevents claudin-7 and claudin-1 molecules from degradation, thereby, decreasing the number of tight junctions and cellular interconnections, and promoting the cells toward carcinogenic transformation. Moreover, the mutations in the EpCAM gene lead to congenital tufting enteropathy, severe intestinal epithelium homeostasis disorders, and Lynch and Lynch syndrome. Overexpression of EpCAM on stem cells of some cancers and the presence of this molecule on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) makes it a promising candidate for cancer diagnosis as well as tracing and isolation of CTCs.     

Hexose monophosphate shunt,the role of its metabolites and associated disorders: A review

The hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt acts as an essential component of cellular metabolism in maintaining carbon homeostasis. The HMP shunt comprises two phases viz. oxidative and nonoxidative, which provide different intermediates for the synthesis of biomolecules like nucleotides, DNA, RNA, amino acids, and so forth; reducing molecules for anabolism and detoxifying the reactive oxygen species during oxidative stress. The HMP shunt is significantly important in the liver, adipose tissue, erythrocytes, adrenal glands, lactating mammary glands and testes. We have researched the articles related to the HMP pathway, its metabolites and disorders related to its metabolic abnormalities. The literature for this paper was taken typically from a personal database, the Cochrane database of systemic reviews, PubMed publications, biochemistry textbooks, and electronic journals uptil date on the hexose monophosphate shunt. The HMP shunt is a tightly controlled metabolic pathway, which is also interconnected with other metabolic pathways in the body like glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glucuronic acid depending upon the metabolic needs of the body and depending upon the biochemical demand. The HMP shunt plays a significant role in NADPH₂ formation and in pentose sugars that are biosynthetic precursors of nucleic acids and amino acids. Cells can be protected from highly reactive oxygen species by NADPH ₂. Deficiency in the hexose monophosphate pathway is linked to numerous disorders. Furthermore, it was also reported that this metabolic pathway could act as a therapeutic target to treat different types of cancers, so treatments at the molecular level could be planned by limiting the synthesis of biomolecules required for proliferating cells provided by the HMP shunt, hence, more experiments still could be carried out to find additional discoveries.     

Glutamine Synthetase (GS): A Key Enzyme for Nitrogen Assimilation in The Macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

This study aimed to address the importance of glutamine synthetase II (GSII) during nitrogen assimilation in macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. The cDNA full‐length sequence of the three glGSII genes was revealed to have the 5′ m⁷G cap, 5′‐untranslated region, open reading frame (ORF), 3′‐untranslated region, and a 3′ poly (A) tail. The three glGSIIs were classified into plastid glGS2 and cytosolic glGS1‐1 and glGS1‐2, having conserved GSII domains but different cDNA sequences. The complicated 5′ end flanking region indicates complex function of glGS genes. glGS1 genes were significantly up‐regulated under the different NH₄⁺: NO₃^? ratio (i.e., 40:10, 25:25, 10:40, and 0:50) except glGS2 which dramatically up‐regulated under the low NH₄⁺: NO₃^? ratio (i.e., 10:40 and 0:50) during different cultivation times. These different expression patterns perhaps are due to the different biological roles of GS1 and GS2 in the gene family. Furthermore, hypothetical working model of nitrogen assimilation pathway exhibiting the role of glGS1 and glGS2 is proposed. Finally, glGS2 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the optimal conditions for culture (15°C, overnight), purification (500 mM imidazole washing), and activity (pH 7.4, 37°C) were established. This study lays a very important foundation for exploring the role of GS in nitrogen assimilation in algae and plants.     

High intrinsic seed Zn concentration improves abiotic stress tolerance in wheat

Plant and Soil - Abiotic stresses are threatening wheat productivity across the globe, which is often associated with nutrient deficiencies. Zinc (Zn) is involved in many physiological processes of...     

N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide and its gold nanoparticle conjugation prevent glycerol-induced acute kidney injury by attenuating inflammation and oxidative injury in mice

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - The protective activity of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (NA-2) and NA-2-coated gold nanoparticles (NA-2-AuNPs) in glycerol-treated model of acute kidney injury...     

Predicting subcellular localization of multi-label proteins by incorporating the sequence features into Chou's PseAAC

The emergence of numerous genome projects has made the experimental classification of the protein localization almost impossible due to the exponential increase in the number of protein samples. However, most of the applications are merely developed for single-plex and completely ignored the presence of one protein at two or more locations in a cell. In this regard, few attempts were carried out to target Multi-label protein localizations; consequently, undesirable accuracies are achieved. This paper presents a novel approach, in which a discrete feature extraction method is fused with physicochemical properties of amino acids by using Chou's general form of Pseudo Amino Acid Composition. The technique is tested on two benchmark datasets namely: Gpos-mploc and Virus-mPLoc. The empirical results demonstrated that the proposed method yields better results via two examined classifiers i.e. ML-KNN and Rank-SVM. It is established that the proposed model has improved values in all performance measures considered for the comparison.