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21.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a proliferative marker during embryonic and adult zebrafish hematopoiesis 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Leung AY Leung JC Chan LY Ma ES Kwan TT Lai KN Meng A Liang R 《Histochemistry and cell biology》2005,124(2):105-111
We investigated the expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in zebrafish to delineate the proliferative hematopoietic
component during adult and embryonic hematopoiesis. Immunostaining for PCNA and enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP)
was performed in wild-type and fli1-eGFP (endothelial marker) and gata1-eGFP (erythroid cell marker) transgenic fish. Expression
of PCNA mRNA was examined in wild-type and chordin morphant embryos. In adult zebrafish kidney, the renal tubules are surrounded
by endothelial cells and it is separated into hematopoietic and excretory compartments. PCNA was expressed in hematopoietic
progenitor cells but not in mature neutrophils, eosinophils or erythroid cells. Some PCNA+ cells are scattered in the hematopoietic
compartment of the kidney while others are closely associated with renal tubular cells. PCNA was also expressed in spermatogonial
stem cells and intestine crypts, consistent with its role in cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. In embryos, PCNA is expressed
in the brain, spinal cord and intermediate cell mass (ICM) at 24 h-post fertilization. In chordin morphants, PCNA is significantly
upregulated in the expanded ICM. Therefore, PCNA can be used to mark cell proliferation in zebrafish hematopoietic tissues
and to identify a population of progenitor cells whose significance would have to be further investigated. 相似文献
22.
Human immunodeficiency virus-specific responses in adult Ugandans: patterns of cross-clade recognition
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Barugahare B Baker C K'Aluoch O Donovan R Elrefaei M Eggena M Jones N Mutalya S Kityo C Mugyenyi P Cao H 《Journal of virology》2005,79(7):4132-4139
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or AIDS is currently the leading cause of death in Uganda, with at least three HIV clades (subtypes) accounting for most new infections. Whether an effective vaccine formulated on viruses from a single clade will be able to protect against infection from other local clades remains unresolved. We examined the T-cell immune responses from a cohort of HIV-seropositive individuals in Uganda with predominantly clade A and D infections. Surprisingly, we observed similar frequencies of cross-clade T-cell responses to the gag, env, and nef regions. Our data suggest that the level of viral sequence variability between distinct HIV strains does not predict the degree of cross-clade responses. High sequence homologies were also observed between consensus peptides and sequences from viral isolates, supporting the use of consensus amino acid sequences to identify immunogenic regions in studies of large populations. 相似文献
23.
Tsung-Ming Tsao Ming-Jer Tsai Ya-Nan Wang Heng-Lun Lin Chang-Fu Wu Jing-Shiang Hwang Sandy-H.J. Hsu Hsing Chao Kai-Jen Chuang Charles- CK. Chou Ta-Chen Su 《PloS one》2014,9(7)
Background
Assessment of health effects of a forest environment is an important emerging area of public health and environmental sciences.Purpose
To demonstrate the long-term health effects of living in a forest environment on subclinical cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) compared with that in an urban environment.Materials and Methods
This study included the detailed health examination and questionnaire assessment of 107 forest staff members (FSM) and 114 urban staff members (USM) to investigate the long-term health effects of a forest environment. Air quality monitoring between the forest and urban environments was compared. In addition, work-related factors and HRQOL were evaluated.Results
Levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose in the USM group were significantly higher than those in the FSM group. Furthermore, a significantly higher intima-media thickness of the internal carotid artery was found in the USM group compared with that in the FSM group. Concentrations of air pollutants, such as NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, CO, PM2.5, and PM10 in the forest environment were significantly lower compared with those in the outdoor urban environment. Working hours were longer in the FSM group; however, the work stress evaluation as assessed by the job content questionnaire revealed no significant differences between FSM and USM. HRQOL evaluated by the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire showed FSM had better HRQOL scores in the physical health domain.Conclusions
This study provides evidence of the potential beneficial effects of forest environments on CVDs and HRQOL. 相似文献24.
Baveewo S Ssali F Karamagi C Kalyango JN Hahn JA Ekoru K Mugyenyi P Katabira E 《PloS one》2011,6(5):e19089
Introduction
The WHO clinical guidelines for HIV/AIDS are widely used in resource limited settings to represent the gold standard of CD4 counts for antiviral therapy initiation. The utility of the WHO-defined stage 1 and 2 clinical factors used in WHO HIV/AIDS clinical staging in predicting low CD4 cell count has not been established in Uganda. Although the WHO staging has shown low sensitivity for predicting CD4<200cells/mm3, it has not been evaluated at for CD4 cut-offs of <250cells/mm3 or <350 cells/mm3.Objective
To validate the World Health Organisation HIV/AIDS clinical staging in predicting initiation of antiretroviral therapy in a low-resource setting and to determine the clinical predictors of low CD4 cell count in Uganda.Results
Data was collected on 395 participants from the Joint Clinical Research Centre, of whom 242 (61.3%) were classified as in stages 1 and 2 and 262 (68%) were females. Participants had a mean age of 36.8 years (SD 8.5). We found a significant inverse correlation between the CD4 lymphocyte count and WHO clinical stages. The sensitivity the WHO clinical staging at CD4 cell count of 250 cells/mm3 and 350cells/mm3 was 53.5% and 49.1% respectively. Angular cheilitis, papular pruritic eruptions and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections were found to be significant predictors of low CD4 cell count among participants in WHO stage 1 and 2.Conclusion
The WHO HIV/AIDS clinical staging guidelines have a low sensitivity and about half of the participants in stages 1 and 2 would be eligible for ART initiation if they had been tested for CD4 count. Angular cheilitis and papular pruritic eruptions and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections may be used, in addition to the WHO staging, to improve sensitivity in the interim, as access to CD4 machines increases in Uganda. 相似文献25.
Sujal M. Parikh Ekwaro A. Obuku Sarah A. Walker Aggrey S. Semeere Brandon J. Auerbach James G. Hakim Harriet Mayanja-Kizza Peter N. Mugyenyi Robert A. Salata Cissy M. Kityo 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Objective
Clinical and immunological data about HIV in older adults from low and middle income countries is scarce. We aimed to describe differences between younger and older adults with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy in two low–income African countries.Methods
Setting: HIV clinics in Uganda and Zimbabwe. Design: Secondary exploratory cross-sectional analysis of the DART randomized controlled trial. Outcome Measures: Clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between adults aged 18-49 years (younger) and ≥ 50 years (older), using two exploratory multivariable logistic regression models, one with HIV viral load (measured in a subset pre-ART) and one without.Results
A total of 3316 eligible participants enrolled in DART were available for analysis; 219 (7%) were ≥ 50 years and 1160 (35%) were male. Across the two adjusted regression models, older adults had significantly higher systolic blood pressure, lower creatinine clearance and were consistently less likely to be females compared to younger adults with HIV. Paradoxically, the models separately suggested that older adults had statistically significant (but not clinically important) higher CD4+ cell counts and higher plasma HIV–1 viral copies at initiation. Crude associations between older age and higher baseline hemoglobin, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure and lower WHO clinical stage were not sustained in the adjusted analysis.Conclusions
Our study found clinical and immunological differences between younger and older adults, in a cohort of Africans starting antiretroviral therapy. Further investigations should explore how these differences could be used to ensure equity in service delivery and affect outcomes of antiretroviral therapy. 相似文献26.
Photoreceptors for biosynthesis, energy storage and vision 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Abstract Living organisms use light as a source of energy and as a means of obtaining information about their environment. Photoreactivating enzyme, provitamins D, retinal (rhodopsins and bacteriorhodopsin), porphyrins (chlorophyll, protochlorophyll and heme), photosynthetic accessory pigments (carotenoids and bilins), phytochrome and riboflavin: these are the molecules which life has settled upon to play the role of light receptor. For some of these photoreceptor molecules a great deal is now known about the chemistry which they perform upon absorbing light; for others virtually nothing is known. Riboflavin, the molecule believed to be functioning in a variety of organisms as the receptor for physiological responses to blue light, is an especially interesting case. Its widespread occurrence in cellular roles other than photoreception make it difficult to separate out the particular flavin which functions as the photoreceptor. It represents a case of a photoreceptor which is at once ubiquitous and elusive. 相似文献
27.
28.
The two closely related hypotrichous ciliate species, Stylonychia lemnae and S. mytilus, have been compared with respect to their isoenzyme patterns, their macronuclear DNA banding patterns, and micronuclear DNA banding patterns after restriction enzyme digestion. Since macronuclear DNA contains mainly protein-coding sequences and since the micronuclear DNA patterns represent mainly the repetitive fraction of the genome, these results, together with the isoenzyme patterns, reflect differences on three different levels of molecular evolution between morphologically very similar species. Each of the three methods allows an unequivocal identification of each of the two species. Intraspecific variation seems to be greatest among the repetitive sequences of the micronuclear genomes. By using the isoenzyme data and the formula of Nei (19) the genetic distance between the two species is calculated and compared with the results from other protozoa and different Drosophila species. Despite their morphological similarity, the two species show a considerable amount of evolutionary divergence on the three molecular levels which have been investigated. 相似文献
29.
Kyung-Chul?Choi Peter?CK?Leung Eui-Bae?JeungEmail author 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2005,3(1):66
Although Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k), a cytosolic calcium binding protein which has calcium binding sites, is expressed in various
tissues, i.e., intestine, uterus, and placenta, potential roles of this gene and its protein are not clearly understood. Uterine
CaBP-9k may be involved in controlling myometrial activity related with intracellular calcium level and is not under the control
of vitamin D despite the presence of vitamin D receptors. But, it is under the control of the sex steroid hormones, estrogen
(E2) and progesterone (P4), in female reproductive systems including the uterus and placenta. Thus, in this review, we summarize
recent research literature in regards to the expression and regulation of CaBP-9k in mammals and introduce the research data
of recent studies by us and others. 相似文献
30.
Nian-Kang Sun Chun-Ling Sun Chia-Hua Lin Li-Mai Pai Chuck CK Chao 《Journal of biomedical science》2010,17(1):27