黄瓜幼苗光合作用对高温胁迫的响应与适应

以‘津优35号’黄瓜幼苗为试材,研究高温(HT: 42 ℃/32 ℃)和亚高温(SHT: 35 ℃/25 ℃)胁迫对黄瓜幼苗光合作用及生长量的影响.结果表明: 高温、亚高温明显抑制幼苗生长.随着胁迫时间的延长,黄瓜幼苗叶片的光合速率(P_n)逐渐降低,胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)趋于升高,气孔导度(g_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、光呼吸速率(P_r)和暗呼吸速率(D_r)先上升后下降,高温、亚高温引起P_n降低的主要原因是非气孔限制.高温、亚高温可使黄瓜幼苗叶片的暗下光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、光下实际光化学效率(Φ_PSII)、光化学猝灭系数(q_P)和电子传递效率(ETR)显著降低,初始荧光(F_o)和非化学猝灭系数(NPQ)逐渐升高.随着胁迫时间的延长,HT处理的RuBP羧化酶(RuBPCase)和Rubisco活化酶(RCA)活性及其mRNA表达量逐渐降低,而SHT处理的胁迫初期变化不大,3 d后趋于降低;HT和SHT处理的景天庚酮糖-1,7-二磷酸酶(SBPase)和果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(FBA)活性与mRNA表达均呈先升高后降低趋势.可见,适宜光强下短时亚高温处理黄瓜幼苗不会产生明显光抑制,高温胁迫会对其PSⅡ反应中心造成严重损伤;光合酶受高温胁迫诱导,但其诱导效应与温度升高幅度和高温持续时间有关.     

S-nitrosoglutathione induced nitrosative stress in yeast: modifying role of catalases

Possible role of catalases in modification of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae response to nitrosative stress was studied in the work. Yeast cell of a wild strain and catalase-defective strains were treated with nitric oxide donor S-nitrosoglutathione, then the cell survival rate, and the levels of protein carbonyls and oxidized glutathione were measured. It was shown that S-nitrosoglutathione decreased cells viability of wild and catalase-defective strains. Unexpected, yeast cells defective by both catalases survived successfully as compared with the cells of the wild strain. The intensity of stress was evaluated by measures of oxidative protein modifications and glutathione oxidation. Treatment with S-nitrosoglutathione did not affect the level of protein carbonyls and was lower by about 14 i 22 % in the cells of double mutant strains after treatments with S-nitrosoglutathione in concentrations of 10 and 20 mM. S-nitrosoglutathione induced a strong increase of the level of oxidized glutathione in yeast cells of the wild strain. This stress slightly increased the level of oxidized glutathione in the yeast cells defective by peroxisomal or both catalases. It is interesting, that an increase of oxidized glutathione level was not observed in the yeast cells defective by cytosolic catalase. The obtained results prove that catalases can modify yeast cell response to the nitrosative stress.     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒NS1基因截短体的克隆与原核表达

禽流感病毒H5N1 NS1蛋白是一种非结构蛋白,在病毒感染过程中发挥着重要的作用.构建基因截短的重组蛋白,可为进一步研究NS1不同结构域与宿主蛋白间的相互作用奠定基础.在成功克隆禽流感病毒H5N1全长NS1基因并测序的基础上,将部分截短基因序列克隆到表达栽体pET28a(+)上,构建基因截短的重组表达质粒pET28a-NS1-RBD和pET28a-NS1-ED,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),阳性重组质粒经IPTG诱导表达后进行SDS-PAGE检测,获得预期蛋白的表达,然后利用Ni-NTA树脂蛋白纯化系统对重组蛋白进行纯化,并通过Western Blotting进一步确认NS1及截短体蛋白的表达.结果表明,实验成功构建禽流感病毒H5N1亚型的NS1蛋白截短体,并在大肠埃希菌中高效表达,这为进一步研究NS1蛋白不同结构域与宿主蛋白的相互作用提供了实验材料,为深入研究NS1蛋白的生物学功能奠定了坚实基础.     

Temperature impact on localization of "free" phenolic compounds in the root tissues and deformation of root hairs in pea seedlings inoculated by Rhizobium

The study was focused on localization of "free" phenolic compounds in pea Pisum sativum L. seedling roots grown at 22 and 8 degrees C 24 h after their inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae bacteria. A comparison of phenolic compound distribution along the root in root tissues, and results of observation of root hair development on the root surface, response of root hairs to inoculation, manifesting itself in various deformation degree (bends, twists, ect.) enabled us to reveal differences between roots grown at different temperatures. These differences are basically referred to a sector localized 0-5 mm away from the root tip containing meristematic and extending cells. A distribution of phenolic compounds in sectors with root hairs responding to inoculation by various degrees of contortion practically did not depend on the temperature of plant growth. The evidence provided in the course of this work enabled us to suggest that inhibition of pea root infection at low temperature is caused by decelerated growth processes characteristic of both the root itself and root hairs, as well by a slow increase in the root hair zone.     

Strains of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 that produce the basic protective antigens

To find out stable and effective producers of major protective antigens intended for use as components of cholera chemical vaccine against V. cholerae strains of serogroups O and O139, the comparative analysis of the production of cholera toxin, toxin-coregulated pili (TCP), antigens O1 and O139, polysaccharide capsule and outer membrane protein OmpU in different V. cholerae strains groups O1 and O139 has been made. V. cholerae strain KM68, serogroup O1, has been found capable of the production of antigen O1, serovar Ogawa, protein OmpU at a sufficiently high level and the hyperproduction of cholera toxin and TCP, and thus suitable for use in the manufacture of cholera bivalent vaccine as the source of these antigens. Specially selected alysogenic noncapsular strain KM137 of serogroup O139, characterized by a high and stable level of the biosynthesis of this somatic antigen when grown in both laboratory and production conditions, may serve as the produces of antigen O139.     

日光温室黄瓜发育过程中主要芳香物质和脂肪酸含量的变化

以'新泰密刺'为试验材料,比较分析了日光温室条件下,不同月份黄瓜商品成熟果实及其发育过程中的主要芳香物质及亚麻酸、亚油酸含量差异.结果显示:(1)黄瓜果实中挥发性物质主要有2E,6Z-壬二烯醛、2E-壬烯醛、2E-己烯醛、2,6-壬二烯醇、正己醛、戊醛、2-戊烯醛和3,6-壬二烯醇.其中2E,6Z-壬二烯醛相对含量以5月份最高,1月份其次,11月份最低;具有黄瓜香气的2,6-壬二烯醇和3,6-壬二烯醇,以及与黄瓜风味品质密切相关的2E,6Z-壬二烯醛/2E-壬烯醛比值以1月份最高,5月份其次,11月份最低.(2)1月份黄瓜果实的亚麻酸和亚油酸含量显著大于5月份,说明低温弱光有利于不饱和脂肪酸的形成和积累.(3)随着果实发育天数的增加,黄瓜2E,6Z-壬二烯醛、2,6-壬二烯醇和3,6-壬二烯醇相对含量,2E,6Z-壬二烯醛/2E-壬烯醛比值均较大幅度升高,商品成熟期达到高峰,若延迟采收,上述指标多趋于下降;2E-壬烯醛、2E-己烯醛、正己醛、戊醛等的相对含量多随果实发育而降低,商品成熟期2E-壬烯醛、2E-己烯醛和正己醛降到最低,之后快速升高.研究表明,果实发育过程中亚麻酸和亚油酸含量及二者的比例与2E,6Z-壬二烯醛和2E-壬烯醛相对含量及其比值的变化规律基本相似,说明黄瓜风味品质与其亚麻酸和亚油酸含量有一定相关性.     

Determination of the parameters for producing a biobinder from wood: a mathematical modeling of the transformation of lignocellulose substrate by the fungus Panus tigrinus

A biochemical scheme for the transformation of wood lignocellulose during enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides and lignin destruction in reactions involving free radicals was developed, and a corresponding mathematical model was constructed. Processing (fermentation) of wood particles by the fungus Panus tigrinus in a submerged culture for producing a biobinder of wood composites--woodchip boards and fiber-boards--is considered. The mathematical model was used to study the technological parameters that influence the production of enzymes and fungal biomass and the level of free radical accumulation in the substrate, i.e., the factors determining the production of the biobinder. The optimal values of these parameters were determined, namely: the specific surface of wood particles, amounting to 2000 cm2/g; processing time of 56 h; and an initial concentration of 3.0 g/l of fungal biomass in the submerged culture.