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61.
Anna Kuehne Emily Lynch Esaie Marshall Amanda Tiffany Ian Alley Luke Bawo Moses Massaquoi Claudia Lodesani Philippe Le Vaillant Klaudia Porten Etienne Gignoux 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2016,10(8)
Between March 2014 and July 2015 at least 10,500 Ebola cases including more than 4,800 deaths occurred in Liberia, the majority in Monrovia. However, official numbers may have underestimated the size of the outbreak. Closure of health facilities and mistrust in existing structures may have additionally impacted on all-cause morbidity and mortality. To quantify mortality and morbidity and describe health-seeking behaviour in Monrovia, Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) conducted a mobile phone survey from December 2014 to March 2015. We drew a random sample of households in Monrovia and conducted structured mobile phone interviews, covering morbidity, mortality and health-seeking behaviour from 14 May 2014 until the day of the survey. We defined an Ebola-related death as any death meeting the Liberian Ebola case definition. We calculated all-cause and Ebola-specific mortality rates. The sample consisted of 6,813 household members in 905 households. We estimated a crude mortality rate (CMR) of 0.33/10,000 persons/day (95%CI:0.25–0.43) and an Ebola-specific mortality rate of 0.06/10,000 persons/day (95%-CI:0.03–0.11). During the recall period, 17 Ebola cases were reported including those who died. In the 30 days prior to the survey 277 household members were reported sick; malaria accounted for 54% (150/277). Of the sick household members, 43% (122/276) did not visit any health care facility. The mobile phone-based survey was found to be a feasible and acceptable alternative method when data collection in the community is impossible. CMR was estimated well below the emergency threshold of 1/10,000 persons/day. Non-Ebola-related mortality in Monrovia was not higher than previous national estimates of mortality for Liberia. However, excess mortality directly resulting from Ebola did occur in the population. Importantly, the small proportion of sick household members presenting to official health facilities when sick might pose a challenge for future outbreak detection and mitigation. Substantial reported health-seeking behaviour outside of health facilities may also suggest the need for adapted health messaging and improved access to health care. 相似文献
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Agnes Y. Lai Moses W. Mui Alice Wan Sunita M. Stewart Carol Yew Tai-hing Lam Sophia S. Chan 《PloS one》2016,11(1)
Evidence-based practice and capacity-building approaches are essential for large-scale health promotion interventions. However, there are few models in the literature to guide and evaluate training of social service workers in community settings. This paper presents the development and evaluation of the “train-the-trainer” workshop (TTT) for the first large scale, community-based, family intervention projects, entitled “Happy Family Kitchen Project” (HFK) under the FAMILY project, a Hong Kong Jockey Club Initiative for a Harmonious Society. The workshop aimed to enhance social workers’ competence and performance in applying positive psychology constructs in their family interventions under HFK to improve family well-being of the community they served. The two-day TTT was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary team in partnership with community agencies to 50 social workers (64% women). It focused on the enhancement of knowledge, attitude, and practice of five specific positive psychology themes, which were the basis for the subsequent development of the 23 family interventions for 1419 participants. Acceptability and applicability were enhanced by completing a needs assessment prior to the training. The TTT was evaluated by trainees’ reactions to the training content and design, changes in learners (trainees) and benefits to the service organizations. Focus group interviews to evaluate the workshop at three months after the training, and questionnaire survey at pre-training, immediately after, six months, one year and two years after training were conducted. There were statistically significant increases with large to moderate effect size in perceived knowledge, self-efficacy and practice after training, which sustained to 2-year follow-up. Furthermore, there were statistically significant improvements in family communication and well-being of the participants in the HFK interventions they implemented after training. This paper offers a practical example of development, implementation and model-based evaluation of training programs, which may be helpful to others seeking to develop such programs in diverse communities. 相似文献
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Midpoint attractors and species richness: Modelling the interaction between environmental drivers and geometric constraints
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Robert K. Colwell Nicholas J. Gotelli Louise A. Ashton Jan Beck Gunnar Brehm Tom M. Fayle Konrad Fiedler Matthew L. Forister Michael Kessler Roger L. Kitching Petr Klimes Jürgen Kluge John T. Longino Sarah C. Maunsell Christy M. McCain Jimmy Moses Sarah Noben Katerina Sam Legi Sam Arthur M. Shapiro Xiangping Wang Vojtech Novotny 《Ecology letters》2016,19(9):1009-1022
We introduce a novel framework for conceptualising, quantifying and unifying discordant patterns of species richness along geographical gradients. While not itself explicitly mechanistic, this approach offers a path towards understanding mechanisms. In this study, we focused on the diverse patterns of species richness on mountainsides. We conjectured that elevational range midpoints of species may be drawn towards a single midpoint attractor – a unimodal gradient of environmental favourability. The midpoint attractor interacts with geometric constraints imposed by sea level and the mountaintop to produce taxon‐specific patterns of species richness. We developed a Bayesian simulation model to estimate the location and strength of the midpoint attractor from species occurrence data sampled along mountainsides. We also constructed midpoint predictor models to test whether environmental variables could directly account for the observed patterns of species range midpoints. We challenged these models with 16 elevational data sets, comprising 4500 species of insects, vertebrates and plants. The midpoint predictor models generally failed to predict the pattern of species midpoints. In contrast, the midpoint attractor model closely reproduced empirical spatial patterns of species richness and range midpoints. Gradients of environmental favourability, subject to geometric constraints, may parsimoniously account for elevational and other patterns of species richness. 相似文献
65.
Sheila Ommeh Wei Zhang Ali Zohaib Jing Chen Huajun Zhang Ben Hu Xing-Yi Ge Xing-Lou Yang Moses Masika Vincent Obanda Yun Luo Shan Li Cecilia Waruhiu Bei Li Yan Zhu Desterio Ouma Vincent Odendo Lin-Fa Wang Danielle E. Anderson Jacqueline Lichoti Erick Mungube Francis Gakuya Peng Zhou Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa Bing Yan Bernard Agwanda Zheng-Li Shi 《中国病毒学》2019,34(1):115-115
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Yoha K. S. Nida Sundus Dutta Sayantani Moses J. A. Anandharamakrishnan C. 《Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins》2022,14(1):15-48
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Considering the significance of the gut microbiota on human health, there has been ever-growing research and commercial interest in various aspects of... 相似文献
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Goldman AS Guisinger VH Aikins M Amarillo ML Belizario VY Garshong B Gyapong J Kabali C Kamal HA Kanjilal S Kyelem D Lizardo J Malecela M Mubyazi G Nitièma PA Ramzy RM Streit TG Wallace A Brady MA Rheingans R Ottesen EA Haddix AC 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2007,1(1):e67