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71.
P. M. Ridland D. S. Morris D. G. Williams R. B. Tomkins 《Australian Journal of Entomology》1986,25(1):79-80
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High numbers of the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis , were found on apple and nectarine trees in a commercial orchard at Werribee, Victoria in February 1981. In the following season, again it was not detected on trees or broad-leaved weeds in the orchard until late summer. Slide-dip tests on the Werribee population of P. persimilis and a population originating from strawberries in Sydney, New South Wales, showed that azinphos-methyl was equally toxic to the 2 strains and DDT was considerably less toxic to both. 相似文献
High numbers of the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis , were found on apple and nectarine trees in a commercial orchard at Werribee, Victoria in February 1981. In the following season, again it was not detected on trees or broad-leaved weeds in the orchard until late summer. Slide-dip tests on the Werribee population of P. persimilis and a population originating from strawberries in Sydney, New South Wales, showed that azinphos-methyl was equally toxic to the 2 strains and DDT was considerably less toxic to both. 相似文献
72.
Stanley W. C.; Gertz E. W.; Wisneski J. A.; Neese R. A.; Morris D. L.; Brooks G. A. 《Journal of applied physiology》1986,60(4):1116-1120
Lactate metabolism was studied in six normal males using a primed continuous infusion of lactate tracer during continuous graded supine cycle ergometer exercise. Subjects exercised at 49, 98, 147, and 196 W for 6 min at each work load. Blood was sampled from the brachial artery, the iliac vein, and the brachial vein. Arteriovenous differences were determined for chemical lactate concentration and L-[1-14C]-lactate. Tracer-measured lactate extraction was determined from the decrease in lactate radioactivity per volume of blood perfusing the tissue bed. Net lactate release was determined from the change in lactate concentration across the tissue bed. Total lactate release was taken as the sum of tracer-measured lactate extraction and net (chemical) release. At rest the arms and legs showed tracer-measured lactate extraction, as determined from the isotope extraction, despite net chemical release. Exercise elicited an increase in both net lactate release and tracer-measured lactate extraction by the legs. For the legs the total lactate release (net lactate release + tracer-measured lactate extraction) was roughly equal to twice the net lactate release under all conditions. The tracer-measured lactate extraction by the exercising legs was positively correlated to arterial lactate concentration (r = 0.81, P less than 0.001) at the lower two power outputs. The arms showed net lactate extraction during exercise, which was correlated to the arterial concentration (r = 0.86). The results demonstrate that exercising skeletal muscle extracts a significant amount of lactate during net lactate release and that the working skeletal muscle appears to be a major site of blood lactate removal during exercise. 相似文献
73.
The use of cobalt ions as a collisional quencher to probe surface charge and stability of fluorescently labeled bilayer vesicles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Co2+ quenched the fluorescence of the lipid probes NBD-phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-PE) and lissamine-rhodamine phosphatidylethanolamine (N-Rh-PE) incorporated into lipid vesicles, according to a collisional quenching mechanism in agreement with the Stern-Vollmer law. The quenching coefficient (Q) for NBD-PE, incorporated into uncharged phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles was 13.8 M-1. This value was equal to the quenching coefficient of water-soluble NBD-taurine in aqueous solution, indicating that Co2+ was readily accessible to the outer surface of PC vesicles. In phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylethanolamine (PS-PE) (1:1) vesicles, quenching was also proportional to Co2+ concentration but Q was 114 mM-1, some 8000-fold smaller. Using the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model we demonstrated that the surface density of Co2+ bound to lipid was linear with Co2+ concentration in the medium up to 7%. Co2+-associated phospholipid would in turn quench NBD-PE or N-Rh-PE by collisional quenching with lateral diffusion. We investigated the ability of Co2+ to permeate PS-PE (1:1) vesicles. Co2+ quenched fluorophores on the outer surface of large unilamellar vesicles, formed by reverse-phase evaporation. In small unilamellar vesicles Co2+ quenched probes on both outer and inner surfaces, indicating rapid permeation of the ions into the vesicles. Using stopped-flow rapid mixing, we measured the rate of influx of Co2+, and correcting for surface potential using the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model, we calculated a permeability coefficient of 10(-12) cm/s for Co2+ concentrations below 300 microM. Above this concentration, there was a very steep rise in the permeability coefficient, indicating that binding of Co2+ induces defects in the bilayer of these vesicles. This may be related to the ability of the vesicles to undergo membrane fusion. A method for calculating the membrane surface potential from Co2+ quenching data is presented. 相似文献
74.
Identification and functional analysis of beta-tubulin genes by site specific integrative transformation in Aspergillus nidulans 总被引:16,自引:9,他引:7
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We have cloned two different beta-tubulin sequences from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Each was used in the construction of transforming plasmids that carry the pyr4 gene of Neurospora crassa. We used these plasmids to transform a pyrG-strain of Aspergillus to uridine prototrophy. Both plasmids were shown to integrate site specifically into the homologous chromosomal sequences. We then used transformant strains in genetic crosses to demonstrate that one of the cloned beta-tubulin sequences was the benA beta-tubulin gene, which codes for the beta 1-and beta 2-tubulins. The other cloned beta-tubulin sequence was shown to be the structural gene for beta 3-tubulin by gene disruption and to participate in conidial development. This is the first report of a gene disruption by site specific, integrative recombination in Aspergillus nidulans. 相似文献
75.
Crystallization of a Fe,Zn superoxide dismutase from the archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The novel Fe,Zn superoxide dismutase from the archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilium has been crystallized in space groups P1, P2(1) and P2(1)2(1)2, with 2,4 and 1/2 of an 84,000 Mr tetramer, respectively, estimated to be in the asymmetric unit of the unit cell. The orthorhombic crystals, which have unit cell dimensions a = 84.2 A, b = 72.7 A, c = 67.8 A, diffract X-rays to at least 2.0 A and are suitable for a determination of the three-dimensional structure of the Fe,Zn superoxide dismutase. 相似文献
76.
Dietary chloride as a determinant of disordered calcium metabolism in salt-dependent hypertension 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In rats given desoxycorticosterone (DOC), the recently reported finding that a normal amount of dietary sodium chloride (NaCl) induces hypertension but an equimolar amount of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) does not, might be a consequence of the differing effects of the two sodium salts on the metabolism of calcium. In accord with this hypothesis, we have found that, in uninephrectomized rats given DOC: Dietary NaCl induces persisting hypercalciuria and hypertension whereas an approximately equimolar amount of dietary NaHCO3 induces neither hypercalciuria nor hypertension. The urinary excretion of calcium becomes greater in rats given NaCl than in those given NaHCO3, before their blood pressures become different. Replacing dietary NaCl with a near equimolar amount of dietary NaHCO3 corrects both the hypercalciuria and the hypertension initially induced by NaCl. 相似文献
77.
Varying Photoperiod, Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase and CO(2) Uptake in Thalassiosira fluviatilis (Bacillariophyceae)
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The purpose of this research was to test the hypothesis that acclimation of the unicellular marine alga, Thalassiosira fluviatilis Hustedt, to short photoperiods results in decreased cellular concentrations of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and decreased rates of light-saturated CO2 uptake. Cells were acclimated to photoperiods of 6:18, 12:12, and 18:6 h:h light:dark, and concentrations of the large subunit of the enzyme and responses of CO2 uptake to varying irradiance were measured. Concentrations of the large subunit, which weighed approximately 50 kilodaltons, were conserved while rates of CO2 uptake under light saturation and limitation, and cellular contents of chlorophyll a increased as photoperiod decreased. Apparently, these cells acclimate to short photoperiods by increasing rates of CO2 uptake under saturating irradiances by increasing in vivo activation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Also, chlorophyll-specific concentrations and specific activities of the enzyme appear to be lower and higher, respectively, in diatomaceous algae than in higher plants. 相似文献
78.
Characterization of peptides cleaved by plasmin from the C-terminal polymerization domain of human fibrinogen 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
C Southan E Thompson M Panico T Etienne H R Morris D A Lane 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1985,260(24):13095-13101
The C-terminal region of the fibrinogen gamma chain is known to participate in several functional interactions including fibrin polymerization. This part of the molecule is retained on the gamma chain of fragment D (FgD) when fibrinogen is digested by plasmin in the presence of calcium to produce the fragment D-fragment E (FgD X FgE) complex but is lost if FgD is prepared in the absence of calcium. In an attempt to characterize the C-terminal polymerization domain we have used three techniques to examine this further degradation of FgD following the addition of EDTA and plasmin. Analysis of the digestion by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a progressive cleavage of the gamma chain to two small remnants. The polymerization-inhibitory activity of the whole digest was studied using acid-solubilized fibrin. A progressive loss of inhibitory activity was associated with gamma chain shortening, reaching greater than a 120-fold reduction at the end of digestion. The cleavage of peptides was followed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and the release of a characteristic peptide triplet was associated with gamma chain cleavage. Manual sequencing, amino acid analysis, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry established the three peptides as gamma 303-356, 357-373, and 374-405. These peptides have sequences in common with those peptides recently reported by other investigators to be potent polymerization inhibitors. However, when a mixture of the three peptides was added in a 200-fold molar excess to polymerizing fibrin, no inhibitory activity could be demonstrated. It is concluded that the C-terminal polymerization domain of fibrinogen may be an extended region which includes the sequence gamma 303-405, when this is contiguous with the remainder of the gamma chain. 相似文献
79.
Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA) has been used by many workers as enzyme inhibitor in vitro to simulate the in vivo situation in inherited adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. In this study the metabolism of 8-14C deoxyadenosine (dAR) has been followed in cultured lymphocytes from patients deficient in enzymes associated with the catabolism and salvage of dAR, in the absence and presence of 10 microM EHNA. The results show that EHNA, at these concentrations, does not prevent the catabolism of dAR and thus does not provide a valid model for investigating the toxicity to the immune system in inherited ADA deficiency. 相似文献
80.
Identification of two binding sites for wheat-germ agglutinin on polylactosamine-type oligosaccharides. 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
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The carbohydrate-binding properties of wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) have been studied by using glycopeptides isolated from the cell surfaces of a cultured murine myeloid cell line (416B). The glycopeptides were passed through affinity columns of lentil lectin (LCA), concanavalin A (Con A) and WGA arranged in series so that material reaching the WGA column had failed to bind to LCA or Con A. WGA-binding glycopeptides were step-eluted with 0.01 M, 0.1 M and 0.5 M-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), to yield weak (WGA-W), intermediate (WGA-I) and strong (WGA-S) affinity fractions. WGA-W and WGA-I contained 'N'- and 'O'-linked oligosaccharides bound to separate polypeptides. WGA-S consisted almost entirely of N-linked components. Our analytical work was concentrated mainly on the N-linked fractions. In these carbohydrates WGA affinity was directly proportional to molecular size but inversely related to N-acetylneuraminic acid content. The binding of the weak-affinity fraction was dependent on N-acetylneuraminic acid, but the intermediate- and strong-binding species interacted with the lectin by N-acetylneuraminic acid-independent mechanisms. N-linked glycopeptides in each WGA-binding class were almost totally degraded to monosaccharides by the concerted action of the exoglycosidases neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Treatment with endo-beta-galactosidase caused partial depolymerization, yielding some disaccharides but also a heterogeneous population of partially degraded components. These findings suggest that WGA binds with high affinity to internal GlcNAc residues in large oligosaccharides containing repeat sequences of Gal beta(1----4)GlcNAc beta(1----3) (i.e. polylactosamine-type glycans). N-Acetylneuraminic acid is involved only in low-affinity interactions with WGA. WGA therefore displays an intricate pattern of saccharide specificities that can be profitably utilized for structural analysis of complex carbohydrates. 相似文献