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31.
Nitrite accumulation and nitric oxide emission in relation to cellular signaling in nitrite reductase antisense tobacco 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Morot-Gaudry-Talarmain Y Rockel P Moureaux T Quilleré I Leydecker MT Kaiser WM Morot-Gaudry JF 《Planta》2002,215(5):708-715
An antisense nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.7.7.1) tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) transformant (clone 271) was used to gain insight into a possible correlation between nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1)-dependent nitrite accumulation and nitric oxide (NO(.)) production, and to assess the regulation of signal transduction in response to stress conditions. Nitrite concentrations of clone 271 leaves were 10-fold, and NO(.) emission rates were 100-fold higher than in wild type leaves. Increased protein tyrosine nitration in clone 271 suggests that high NO(.) production resulted in increased peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) formation. Tyrosine nitration was also observed in vitro by adding peroxynitrite to leaf extracts. As in mammalian cells, NO(.) and derivatives also increased synthesis of proteins like 14-3-3 and cyclophilins, which are both involved in regulation of activity and stability of enzymes. 相似文献
32.
Paczek V Dubois F Sangwan R Morot-Gaudry JF Roubelakis-Angelakis KA Hirel B 《Planta》2002,216(2):245-254
The subcellular localisation of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves and flowers was investigated using immunogold-labelling experiments. In mature leaf tissue or fully developed flowers, GS was visualised both in the cytosol and in the chloroplasts, a high proportion of the protein being present in the phloem companion cells. GDH was preferentially located in the mitochondria of the phloem companion cells in both leaves and flowers. This observation suggests that, in conjunction with GS, GDH plays a major role in controlling the translocation of organic carbon and nitrogen metabolites in both vegetative and reproductive organs. Significant amounts of GDH protein were also visualised in multivesicular bodies within the flower receptacle. Although the function of such organelles is still unknown, its is possible that the presence of GDH in such cellular structures is important for the recycling of carbon and nitrogen molecules in senescing tissues in which the enzyme is generally induced. 相似文献
33.
34.
Previously, treatment of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THp) from different
donors with endo-beta-galactosidase has been shown to liberate a tetra- and
a Sd(a)-active pentasaccharide, concluding the presence of N-linked
carbohydrate chains containing additional N - acetyllactosamine units.
These type of oligosaccharides were not found in a detailed structure
elucidation of the carbohydrate moiety of THp of one male donor, suggesting
a donor-specific feature for these type of structures. Therefore, THp was
isolated from four healthy male donors and each subjected to
endo-beta-galactosidase treatment in order to release these tetra- and
Sd(a)-active pentasaccharide. Differences were observed in the total amount
of released tetra- and Sda-active pentasaccharide of the used donors (42,
470, 478, 718 microg/100 mg THp), indicating that the presence of repeating
N-acetyllactosamine units incorporated into the N-glycan moiety of THp is
donor specific. Furthermore, a higher expression of the Sd(a) determinant
on antennae which display N-acetyllactosamine elongation was observed,
suggesting a better accessibility for the
beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. In order to characterize the
N-glycans containing repeating N- acetyllactosamine units, carbohydrate
chains were enzymatically released from THp and isolated. The
tetraantennary fraction, which accounts for more than 33% of the total
carbohydrate moiety of THp, was used to isolate oligosaccharides containing
additional N - acetyllactosamine units. Five N-linked tetraantennary
oligosaccharides containing a repeating N-acetyllactosamine unit were
identified, varying from structures bearing four Sd(a) determinants to
structures containing no Sd(a) determinant (see below). One compound was
used in order to specify the branch location of the additional N-
acetyllactosamine unit, and it appeared that only the Gal-6' and Gal-8'
residues were occupied by a repeating N -acetyllactosamine unit.
相似文献
35.
Seasonal and diurnal changes in photosynthesis and carbon partitioning in Vitis vinifera leaves in vines withand without fruit 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Chaumont Muriel; Morot-Gaudry Jean-Franois; Foyer Christine H. 《Journal of experimental botany》1994,45(9):1235-1243
In Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay maintained in a greenhouse,the maximum rate of photosynthesis, the measured rates of denovo sucrose and starch synthesis and the total leaf sucroseand starch contents were relatively constant throughout theperiod from April to July although the partitioning of newlyfixed carbon was modified in favour of sucrose synthesis half-waythrough the growing period. In these experimental conditions,no significant differences in these parameters were observedin plants from which the fruit had been removed in comparisonto the controls. In field-grown vines, photosynthesis rose toa maximum in the early morning consistent with the increasein ambient irradiance and then subsequently progressively decreased.This occurred every day. On clear days the mid-morning depressionin the rate of CO2 assimilation was closely linked to decreasein stomatal conductance, but there was no correlation betweenthese parameters on days when the sun was overcast. There wasno correlation between leaf sucrose content and the depressionin photosynthesis. The calculated rate of non-cyclic electronflow did not decline in parallel with the mid-morning depression and the quantum efficiency of photosystem II was constantfor the whole of the period when the CO2 assimilation was decreasing.The mid-morning depression of photosynthetic CO2 assimilationwas related to both stomatal and non-stomatal effects. In neithersituation did it have any measurable feedback effect on theelectron transport rate or on the carbo hydrate contents ofthe leaves. Key words: Vitis vinifera L., source-sink interactions, sucrose, starch, photosynthesis 相似文献
36.
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] plants that had been subjected to 15 d of nitrogen deprivation were resupplied for 10 d with 1.0 mol m-3 nitrogen provided as NO3-, NH4+, or NH4(+) + NO3- in flowing hydroponic culture. Plants in a fourth hydroponic system received 1.0 mol m-3 NO3- during both stress and resupply periods. Concentrations of soluble carbohydrates and organic acids in roots increased 210 and 370%, respectively, during stress. For the first day of resupply, however, specific uptake rates of nitrogen, determined by ion chromatography as depletion from solution, were lower for stressed than for non-stressed plants by 43% for NO3- resupply, by 32% for NH4(+) + NO3- resupply, and 86% for NH4+ resupply. When specific uptake of nitrogen for stressed plants recovered to rates for non-stressed plants at 6 to 8 d after nitrogen resupply, carbohydrates and organic acids in their roots had declined to concentrations lower than those of non-stressed plants. Recovery of nitrogen uptake capacity of roots thus does not appear to be regulated simply by the content of soluble carbon compounds within roots. Solution concentrations of NH4+ and NO3- were monitored at 62.5 min intervals during the first 3 d of resupply. Intermittent 'hourly' intervals of net influx and net efflux occurred. Rates of uptake during influx intervals were greater for the NH4(+)-resupplied than for the NO3(-)-resupplied plants. For NH4(+)-resupplied plants, however, the hourly intervals of efflux were more numerous than for NO3(-)-resupplied plants. It thus is possible that, instead of repressing NH4+ influx, increased accumulation of amino acids and NH4+ in NH4(+)-resupplied plants inhibited net uptake by stimulation of efflux on NH4+ absorbed in excess of availability of carbon skeletons for assimilation. Entry of NH4+ into root cytoplasm appeared to be less restricted than translocation of amino acids from the cytoplasm into the xylem. 相似文献
37.
Membrane compartmentalized ATP and its preferential use by the Na, K-ATPase of human red cell ghosts 下载免费PDF全文
This paper describes work which begins to define the molecular organization in the region of the membrane that comprises the functional domain of the Na:K pump. The membrane-bound phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and Na, K-ATPase appear to be directly linked via a compartmentalized form of ATP. Evidence for the membrane pool of ATP is based on the labeling characteristics of the phosphoproteins by [γ-(32)P]ATP of ghosts incubated under various conditions. Preincubation of ghosts in the presence of ATP at 37 degrees C, but not at 0 degrees C, completely obscures the formation of the Na-phosphoprotein in ghosts washed and subsequently incubated in the presence of [gamma-(32)P]ATP. In contrast to the Na component, the Mg component of phosphorylation is only slightly altered by preincubation with ATP. ATPase activity measured as (32)P(i) liberated during the subsequent incubation at 0 degrees C, reflects completely the differential effects of preincubation with ATP on (32)P incorporation into phosphoprotein. ATP placed within the pool by preincubation can be removed by operating the Na, K-ATPase or the PGK reaction in the reverse direction by use of exogenous substrates. Alternatively, the membrane pool of ATP can be formed also from exogenous substrates by running the PGK reaction in the forward direction. These results, while providing direct support for a membrane compartment of ATP, also indicate the location of this compartment in relation to the PGK and the Na, K-ATPase. In addition, these results also imply that the Mg and Na components are different enzymatic entities since substrate ATP can be derived from separate sources. 相似文献
38.
Characterization of markers to determine the extent and variability of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. A metabolic profiling approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Diaz C Purdy S Christ A Morot-Gaudry JF Wingler A Masclaux-Daubresse C 《Plant physiology》2005,138(2):898-908
Comparison of the extent of leaf senescence depending on the genetic background of different recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is described. Five RILs of the Bay-0 x Shahdara population showing differential leaf senescence phenotypes (from early senescing to late senescing) were selected to determine metabolic markers to discriminate Arabidopsis lines on the basis of senescence-dependent changes in metabolism. The proportion of gamma-aminobutyric acid, leucine, isoleucine, aspartate, and glutamate correlated with (1) the age and (2) the senescence phenotype of the RILs. Differences were observed in the glycine/serine ratio even before any senescence symptoms could be detected in the rosettes. This could be used as predictive indicator for plant senescence behavior. Surprisingly, late-senescing lines appeared to mobilize glutamine, asparagine, and sulfate more efficiently than early-senescing lines. The physiological basis of the relationship between leaf senescence and flowering time was analyzed. 相似文献
39.
F Moutot J C Huet S Wuilleme J C Lescure J Baudet J C Pernollet J F Morot-Gaudry 《Biochimie》1987,69(6-7):563-567
The aim of this work was to describe the incorporation of 14CO2 into maize at the late kernel fill under chilling and the subsequent movement of the photoassimilated 14C out the fed ear leaf. Cool temperatures were observed to decrease the photosynthetic rate and to alter the operation of the carbon assimilation pathway with 14C accumulation in alpha-alanine. They were shown also to affect the rate of photoassimilated carbon out of the fed area, and especially by delaying the seed import processes. 相似文献
40.
Niels Reinmuth Nadine Payer Thomas Muley Hans Hoffmann Felix JF Herth Matthias Villalobos Michael Thomas 《Respiratory research》2013,14(1):139