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排序方式: 共有509条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
91.
Siril S. Bakke Yuan Z. Feng Natasa Nikoli? Eili T. Kase Cedric Moro Camilla Stensrud Lisbeth Damlien Marianne O. Ludahl Rune Sandbu Brita Marie Solheim Arild C. Rustan J?ran Hjelmes?th G. Hege Thoresen Vigdis Aas 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
About 80% of patients with type 2 diabetes are classified as overweight. However, only about 1/3 of severely obese subjects have type 2 diabetes. This indicates that several severely obese individuals may possess certain characteristics that protect them against type 2 diabetes. We therefore hypothesized that this apparent paradox could be related to fundamental differences in skeletal muscle lipid handling. Energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility were examined in human myotubes derived from severely obese subjects without (BMI 44±7 kg/m2) and with type 2 diabetes (BMI 43±6 kg/m2). Lower insulin sensitivity was observed in myotubes from severely obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Lipolysis rate was higher, and oleic acid accumulation, triacylglycerol content, and fatty acid adaptability were lower in myotubes from severely obese subjects with type 2 diabetes compared to severely obese non-diabetic subjects. There were no differences in lipid distribution and mRNA and protein expression of the lipases HSL and ATGL, the lipase cofactor CGI-58, or the lipid droplet proteins PLIN2 and PLIN3. Glucose and oleic acid oxidation were also similar in cells from the two groups. In conclusion, myotubes established from severely obese donors with established type 2 diabetes had lower ability for lipid accumulation and higher lipolysis rate than myotubes from severely obese donors without diabetes. This indicates that a difference in intramyocellular lipid turnover might be fundamental in evolving type 2 diabetes. 相似文献
92.
Three wheat samples collected in 1987 in Central Poland and naturally infected withFusarium spp were analyzed for the presence ofFusarium spp andFusarium toxins. Heads were separated into three fractions: kernels with visibleFusarium damage, healthy looking kernels, and chaff + rachis. The samples contained deoxynivalenol (2.0 – 40.0μg/g), nivalenol (O.O1μg/g), 4,7-dideoxynivalenol (0.10 – 0.15μg/g). 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (0.10–2.00 μg/g), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (O/1Oμg/g), and zearalenone (0.01–2.00μg/g). This is the first report about 15 - acetyldeoxynivalenol in European wheat and the co-occurrence of 3 - acetyldeoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol in the same sample of contaminated cereals. 相似文献
93.
The presence of natural killer cells in human colostrum was disclosed with the use of a fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibody HNK-1 (Leu-7) that recognizes cells with natural killer and killer activity. Approximately 0.5% of total colostral cells were stained with this reagent. These cells were separated by the fluorescence-activated cell sorter and examined for their morphology by electron microscopy and for their cytotoxic activity against 51Cr-labeled K562 target cells. Two morphological types of natural killer cells were observed in colostrum: the first was represented by large cells with numerous vacuoles but without dense cytoplasmic granules; the second type, which occurred with lower frequency, resembled the large granular lymphocytes associated with natural killer activity in peripheral blood. The HNK-1-positive cells from colostrum displayed low cytotoxic activity against K562 target cells. Incubation of HNK-1-positive cells from peripheral blood with cell-free colostrum resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the cytotoxic activity. The functional changes were accompanied by morphological alterations which included degranulation and the formation of numerous vacuoles. The variances in the cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood HNK-1-positive cells suspended in different dilutions of colostrum suggest that this fluid contains humoral factors which modify morphology and function depending on their concentrations. 相似文献
94.
Gema Trigos‐Peral Luca P. Casacci Piotr ŚlipiŃski Irena M. GrzeŚ Dawid MoroŃ Hanna Babik Magdalena Witek 《Entomological Science》2018,21(3):270-278
The invasion of Solidago is one of the main threats to the biodiversity of natural meadows, leading to changes in animal and plant communities, as well as soil features. We compared effects of soil microclimatic conditions (temperature and moisture) and the availability of potential protein sources (dry mass of epigean invertebrates) on ants between meadows invaded by Solidago altissima and S. canadensis and those uninvaded. Our results showed that the ant communities were different between the uninvaded and invaded meadows, with reduction of ant abundance and species richness in the latter. Myrmica spp. were abundant in the uninvaded meadows, whereas Lasius niger was the dominant species in the invaded ones. We found that the lower moisture negatively influenced the abundance of Myrmica species in the Solidago‐invaded meadows. Moreover, the epigean invertebrate dry mass, as an estimation of the availability of protein sources, varied between the two types of meadows, with a higher abundance in the uninvaded ones. The abundance of Myrmica ants with narrower ecological requirements showed a positive correlation with the invertebrate biomass in the invaded meadows. In contrast, the abundance of L. niger with broad ecological requirements was negatively correlated with the invertebrate biomass in the invaded meadows, possibly as a strategy to reduce interspecific competition. Our study showed that the invasion of Solidago plants caused changes in the abundance and species composition of ant communities through modification in microhabitat conditions, that is, decreasing soil moisture, reducing biomass and changing distribution of prey invertebrates. 相似文献
95.
Makoto Moro Ryuzo Torii Hitoshi Koizumi Yoichi Inada Yasuo Etoh Hiroshi Miyata Yoshikuni Tanioka 《Primates; journal of primatology》1995,36(2):249-257
A homologous double-antibody radioimmunoassay developed for humans was used to measure serum prolactin, progesterone, and
estradiol in common marmosets. In the ovarian cycle of common marmosets, serum progesterone began to increase after an estradiol
surge, attained a peak level, and then declined before the ensuing pre-ovulatory rise in estradiol. During the luteal phase,
the change in serum concentrations of estradiol was synchronized with that of progesterone. During the ovarian cycle there
was no consistent change in serum prolactin concentrations. During the last 75 days of pregnancy the prolactin level was higher
than during the ovarian cycle and the first 70 days of pregnancy. Moreover, during lactation, mothers with suckling twin infants
had a higher prolactin level than during the final stage of pregnancy. 相似文献
96.
A. M. S. Pereira J. R. Moro R. M. M. Cerdeira S. C. França 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1995,42(3):295-297
Micropropagated shoots of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. were obtained from axillary buds cultured in Murashige & Skoog medium supplemented with 13.3 M 6-benzyladenine (BA). Addition of 1.1 M 1-indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to the medium increased shoot elongation. The number of shoots formed was influenced by BA concentration, degree of juvenility of the explant, and by bud explant position on the stem. Cultures of buds taken from stem parts located close to the shoot tip yielded more callus than shoots, whereas axillary buds at distant positions from the apical bud yielded more shoots.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic-acid 相似文献
97.
Characterization of maize elongation factor 1A and its relationship to protein quality in the endosperm. 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
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The protein synthesis elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) is a multifunctional protein in eukaryotic cells. In maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm eEF1A co-localizes with actin around protein bodies, and its accumulation is highly correlated with the protein-bound lysine (Lys) content. We purified eEF1A from maize kernels by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange, and chromatofocusing. The identify of the purified protein was confirmed by microsequencing of an endoproteinase glutamic acid-C fragment and by its ability to bundle actin. Using purified eEF1A as a standard, we found that this protein contributes 0.4% of the total protein in W64A+ endosperm and approximately 1% of the protein in W64Ao2. Because eEF1A contains 10% Lys, it accounts for 2.2% of the total Lys in W64A+ and 2.3% of the Lys in W64Ao2. However, its concentration predicts 90% of the Lys found in endosperm proteins of both genotypes, indicating that eEF1A is a key component of the group of proteins that determines the nutritional quality of the grain. This notion is further supported by the fact that in floury2, another high-Lys mutant, the content of eEF1A increases with the dosage of the floury2 gene. These data provide the biochemical basis for further investigation of the relationship between eEF1A content and the nutritional quality of cereals. 相似文献
98.
The AP‐2 complex is required for proper temporal and spatial dynamics of endocytic patches in fission yeast
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Nagore de León Marta Hoya M.‐Angeles Curto Sandra Moro Francisco Yanguas Cristina Doncel M.‐Henar Valdivieso 《Molecular microbiology》2016,100(3):409-424
In metazoans the AP‐2 complex has a well‐defined role in clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. By contrast, its direct role in endocytosis in unicellular eukaryotes has been questioned. Here, we report co‐ immunoprecipitation between the fission yeast AP‐2 component Apl3p and clathrin, as well as the genetic interactions between apl3Δ and clc1 and sla2Δ/end4Δ mutants. Furthermore, a double clc1 apl3Δ mutant was found to be defective in FM4‐64 uptake. In an otherwise wild‐type strain, apl3Δ cells exhibit altered dynamics of the endocytic sites, with a heterogeneous and extended lifetime of early and late markers at the patches. Additionally, around 50% of the endocytic patches exhibit abnormal spatial dynamics, with immobile patches and patches that bounce backwards to the cell surface, showing a pervasive effect of the absence of AP‐2. These alterations in the endocytic machinery result in abnormal cell wall synthesis and morphogenesis. Our results complement those found in budding yeast and confirm that a direct role of AP‐2 in endocytosis has been conserved throughout evolution. 相似文献
99.
Placental Microparticles and MicroRNAs in Pregnant Women with Plasmodium falciparum or HIV Infection
Laura Moro Azucena Bardají Eusebio Macete Diana Barrios Diana M. Morales-Prieto Carolina Espa?a Inacio Mandomando Betuel Sigaúque Carlota Doba?o Udo R. Markert Daniel Benitez-Ribas Pedro L. Alonso Clara Menéndez Alfredo Mayor 《PloS one》2016,11(1)
Background
During pregnancy, syncytiotrophoblast vesicles contribute to maternal tolerance towards the fetus, but also to pathologies such as pre-eclampsia. The aim of the study was to address whether Plasmodium falciparum and HIV infections in pregnancy affect the secretion, microRNA content and function of trophoblast microparticles.Methods
Microparticles were isolated and characterized from 122 peripheral plasmas of Mozambican pregnant women, malaria- and/or HIV-infected and non-infected. Expression of placenta-related microRNAs in microparticles was analysed by qPCR and the effect of circulating microparticles on dendritic cells assessed by phenotype analysis and cytokine/chemokine measurement.Results
Concentrations of total and trophoblast microparticles detected by flow cytometry were higher in HIV-positive (P = 0.005 and P = 0.030, respectively) compared to non-infected mothers, as well as in women delivering low birthweight newborns (P = 0.032 and P = 0.021, respectively). miR-517c was overexpressed in mothers with placental malaria (P = 0.034), compared to non-infected. Microparticles from HIV-positive induced a higher expression of MHCII (P = 0.021) and lower production of MCP1 (P = 0.008) than microparticles from non-infected women.Conclusions
In summary, alterations in total and trophoblast microparticles associated with malaria and HIV in pregnant women may have an immunopathogenic role. The potential for placental-derived vesicles and microRNAs as biomarkers of adverse outcomes during pregnancy and malaria infection should be confirmed in future studies. 相似文献100.
Sara Moutailler Claire Valiente Moro Elise Vaumourin Lorraine Michelet Florence Hélène Tran Elodie Devillers Jean-Fran?ois Cosson Patrick Gasqui Van Tran Van Patrick Mavingui Gwena?l Vourc’h Muriel Vayssier-Taussat 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2016,10(3)
IntroductionTicks are the most common arthropod vectors of both human and animal diseases in Europe, and the Ixodes ricinus tick species is able to transmit a large number of bacteria, viruses and parasites. Ticks may also be co-infected with several pathogens, with a subsequent high likelihood of co-transmission to humans or animals. However few data exist regarding co-infection prevalences, and these studies only focus on certain well-known pathogens. In addition to pathogens, ticks also carry symbionts that may play important roles in tick biology, and could interfere with pathogen maintenance and transmission. In this study we evaluated the prevalence of 38 pathogens and four symbionts and their co-infection levels as well as possible interactions between pathogens, or between pathogens and symbionts.Conclusion/significanceOur study reveals high pathogen co-infection rates in ticks, raising questions about possible co-transmission of these agents to humans or animals, and their consequences to human and animal health. We also demonstrated high prevalence rates of symbionts co-existing with pathogens, opening new avenues of enquiry regarding their effects on pathogen transmission and vector competence. 相似文献