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251.
Musclin, a novel skeletal muscle-derived secretory factor 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Nishizawa H Matsuda M Yamada Y Kawai K Suzuki E Makishima M Kitamura T Shimomura I 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2004,279(19):19391-19395
Skeletal muscle is involved in the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that the skeletal muscle produces and secretes bioactive factor(s), similar to adipocytokines secreted by fat tissue. Here, we report the identification of a novel secretory factor, musclin, by signal sequence trap of mouse skeletal muscle cDNAs. Musclin cDNA encoded 130 amino acids, including NH(2)-terminal 30-amino acid signal sequence. Musclin protein contained a region homologous to natriuretic peptide family, and KKKR, a putative serine protease cleavage site, similar to the natriuretic peptide family. Full-length musclin protein and KKKR-dependent cleaved form were secreted in media of musclin cDNA-transfected mammalian cell cultures. Musclin mRNA was expressed almost exclusively in the skeletal muscle of mice. Musclin mRNA levels in skeletal muscle were markedly low in fasted, increased upon re-feeding, and were low in streptozotocin-treated insulin-deficient mice. Musclin mRNA expression was induced at late stage in the differentiation of C2C12 myocytes. In myocytes, insulin increased, while epinephrine, isoproterenol, and forskolin reduced musclin mRNA, all of which are known to increase the cellular content of cyclic AMP, a counter-regulator to insulin. Pathologically, overexpression of musclin mRNA was noted in the muscles of obese insulin-resistant KKAy mice. Functionally, recombinant musclin significantly attenuated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in myocytes. In conclusion, we identified musclin, a novel skeletal muscle-derived secretory factor. Musclin expression level is tightly regulated by nutritional changes and its physiological role could be linked to glucose metabolism. 相似文献
252.
Low levels of the CTP synthase inhibitor 3-deazauridine (3-DU) strongly potentiated the anti-HIV-1 activity of the 5'-triphosphates of the cytidine-based analogues [-]2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC; lamivudine) and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC). The potentiation was associated with a 3-DU-induced decrease in dCTP pool size; no changes were seen in cellular pool sizes of dATP, dGTP or dTTP. 相似文献
253.
Tsumura H Ito M Li XK Nakamura A Ohnami N Fujimoto J Komada H Ito Y 《Cellular immunology》2012,276(1-2):128-134
CD98hc is a type II transmembrane protein that covalently links to one of several L-type amino acid transporters. CD98hc was first identified as a lymphocyte activation marker. In this study, we examined the role that CD98hc plays in the functions of macrophages using tissue specific knock-out miceCD98hc (CD98hc(flox/-)LysM-cre mice). When isolated peritoneal macrophages were incubated for 48 h, the macrophages obtained from the knock-out mice showed round-shaped morphologies, while almost all of the cells obtained from the control mice were spindle-shaped. The macrophage functions such as the antigen-presenting, phagocytic, and fusion activities, have been reported to decrease in CD98hc-deficient peritoneal macrophages. In addition, when the CD98hc deficient macrophages were stimulated with either IFN-γ/LPS or IL-4, the production of NO(2) or arginase-I decreased in comparison to that observed in the control macrophages. These findings show that the CD98hc molecules play an important role in the activation and functions of macrophages. 相似文献
254.
Manabu Aoki Matthew L. Danish Hiromi Aoki-Ogata Masayuki Amano Kazuhiko Ide Debananda Das Yasuhiro Koh Hiroaki Mitsuya 《Journal of virology》2012,86(24):13384-13396
Tipranavir (TPV), a protease inhibitor (PI) inhibiting the enzymatic activity and dimerization of HIV-1 protease, exerts potent activity against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 isolates. When a mixture of 11 multi-PI-resistant (but TPV-sensitive) clinical isolates (HIV11MIX), which included HIVB and HIVC, was selected against TPV, HIV11MIX rapidly (by 10 passages [HIV11MIXP10]) acquired high-level TPV resistance and replicated at high concentrations of TPV. HIV11MIXP10 contained various amino acid substitutions, including I54V and V82T. The intermolecular FRET-based HIV-1 expression assay revealed that TPV''s dimerization inhibition activity against cloned HIVB (cHIVB) was substantially compromised. The introduction of I54V/V82T into wild-type cHIVNL4-3 (cHIVNL4-3I54V/V82T) did not block TPV''s dimerization inhibition or confer TPV resistance. However, the introduction of I54V/V82T into cHIVB (cHIVBI54V/V82T) compromised TPV''s dimerization inhibition and cHIVBI54V/V82T proved to be significantly TPV resistant. L24M was responsible for TPV resistance with the cHIVC genetic background. The introduction of L24M into cHIVNL4-3 (cHIVNL4-3L24M) interfered with TPV''s dimerization inhibition, while L24M increased HIV-1''s susceptibility to TPV with the HIVNL4-3 genetic background. When selected with TPV, cHIVNL4-3I54V/V82T most readily developed TPV resistance and acquired E34D, which compromised TPV''s dimerization inhibition with the HIVNL4-3 genetic background. The present data demonstrate that certain amino acid substitutions compromise TPV''s dimerization inhibition and confer TPV resistance, although the loss of TPV''s dimerization inhibition is not always associated with significantly increased TPV resistance. The findings that TPV''s dimerization inhibition is compromised with one or two amino acid substitutions may explain at least in part why the genetic barrier of TPV against HIV-1''s development of TPV resistance is relatively low compared to that of darunavir. 相似文献
255.
Ito S Ishii G Hoshino A Hashimoto H Neri S Kuwata T Higashi M Nagai K Ochiai A 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2012,422(1):194-199
There is growing evidence that stromal fibroblasts can promote tumor progression via several mechanisms. We previously reported that podoplanin (PDPN) expressed on stromal fibroblasts is functionally protein responsible for the promotion of tumor formation in mouse subcutaneous tissue. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the molecular mechanism by which PDPN on stromal fibroblasts promotes tumor formation. The subcutaneous co-injection of the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and human fibroblasts (hFbs) overexpressing wild-type podoplanin (WT-PDPN) promoted subcutaneous tumor formation, compared with the co-injection of A549 and control hFbs (64% vs 21%). On the other hand, hFbs expressing PDPN mutant in which the cytoplasmic domain of PDPN was deleted (PDPN-Del.IC), resulted in a relatively lower level of tumor formation (33%). Since PDPN reportedly regulates RhoA activity through its cytoplasmic domain, we measured the activation state of RhoA in hFbs expressing WT-PDPN. RhoA activity was 2.7-fold higher in WT-PDPN expressing hFbs than in control hFbs. Furthermore, the subcutaneous co-injection of hFbs expressing constitutive active RhoA (G14VRhoA) and A549 cells enhanced tumor formation compared with the co-injection of the same cell line and control hFbs. These results indicate that enhanced RhoA activity in hFbs expressing PDPN may be one of the mechanisms resulting in the promotion of tumor formation, suggesting that biomechanical remodeling of the microenvironment by stromal fibroblasts may play important roles in tumor progression. 相似文献
256.
257.
Yamaguchi K Kato T Noma S Igura N Shimoda M 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2010,74(10):1981-1986
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was applied to grated ginger in order to inactivate quality-degrading enzymes in a non-thermal manner. The effects of HHP treatment on the flavor and the color of the grated ginger were investigated just after treatment and during storage. After HHP treatment (400 MPa, 5 min), geraniol dehydrogenase (GeDH) was inactivated to less than 5%, but the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was reduced only to 37%. Heat treatment (100 °C, 10 min) inactivated GeDH to 43% and PPO to about 10%. In storage, the reduction of geranial, neral, and citronellal to the corresponding alcohols was observed in the untreated and the heat-treated ginger, while it was not in the HHP-treated grated ginger. In the HHP-treated sample, terpene aldehydes almost disappeared without the formation of the corresponding alcohols. Browning was not observed immediately after HHP treatment, while it was complete in the heat-treated sample. The color change during storage appeared to reflect the residual activity of PPO. 相似文献
258.
Masayuki Nakamura Hideki Kurihara Gentaroh Suzuki Morihiro Mitsuya Mitsuru Ohkubo Hisashi Ohta 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2010,20(2):726-729
This Letter describes the synthesis and evaluation of mGluR7 antagonists in the isoxazolopyridone series. In the course of modification in this class, novel solid support synthesis of the isoxazolopyridone scaffold was developed. Subsequent chemical modification led to the identification of several potent derivatives with improved physicochemical properties compared to a hit compound 1. Among these, 2 showed good oral bioavailability and brain penetrability, suggesting that 2 may be useful for in vivo study to elucidate the role of mGluR7. 相似文献
259.
Teruyuki Nishimura Tomoharu Iino Morihiro Mitsuya Makoto Bamba Hitomi Watanabe Daisuke Tsukahara Kenji Kamata Kaori Sasaki Sumika Ohyama Hideka Hosaka Mayumi Futamura Yasufumi Nagata Jun-ichi Eiki 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2009,19(5):1357-1360
The identification and structure–activity-relationships (SARs) of novel 2-amino benzamide glucokinase activators are described. Compounds in this series were developed to be potent GK activators, and their binding mode to the GK protein was determined by crystal structure analysis. In vivo pharmacokinetic and acute in vivo efficacy studies of compound 18 are also described. 相似文献
260.
Morihiro Ito Izumi Yamakawa Machiko Nishio Masato Tsurudome Mitsuo Kawano Hiroshi Komada Yasuhiko Ito 《Microbiology and immunology》2009,53(5):259-265
A quantitative method for analyzing establishing-efficiency of persistent infection was devised. The efficiency of hPIV2 CA and SV5 T1 strains was found to be high, that is, 0.1∼0.3 (an efficiency of 1.0 indicates that 100% of the virus-infected cells became persistently infected). The efficiency of the SV5 WR strain was also high, approximately 0.1, though the virus had no ability to immediately establish a steady state of persistent infection in whole cell-culture systems. At about 0.0007, the efficiency of SV41 was almost the same as that of the hPIV2 Toshiba strain. The establishing efficiencies of various rSeV were further analyzed in detail. The efficiencies of the rSeV(PA), rSeV(Ppi) and rSeV(HNpi) were below the limit of detection, while that of rSeV(Lpi) was nearly 1. Although the efficiency was around 0.001, the rSeV(Mpi) and the rSeV(Fpi) were unexpectedly found to be capable of forming persistently-infected cells, indicating that both the Fpi and Mpi proteins contribute to the establishing efficiency of persistent infection of SeVpi. 相似文献