Beziehungen zwischen Struktur und chemischer Zusammensetzung der Spermien vom Bergmolch,Triturus alpestris Laur.

Zusammenfassung Aus isolierten Achsenfäden der Spermien von Triturus alpestris Laur. wurden drei Proteinfraktionen extrahiert und nach ihrer Zusammensetzung analysiert. In der leichtlöslichen Fraktion f3 überwog Arginin, daneben fand sich u.a. Cystin. f1+f2b enthielt weniger Arginin, dafür aber mehr Lysin. Den größten Anteil hatte hier Alanin. In jeder der beiden Fraktionen waren nur neun Aminosäuren vorhanden. Die schwerlösliche Fraktion c3 enthielt außer Cystin, Methionin und Tyrosin alle nachweisbaren Aminosäuren. Außerdem wies die Fraktion f1+f2b nicht weniger als fünf unbekannte Komponenten auf, von denen eine ein hellgrüner Farbstoff war. In geringeren Mengen kamen drei dieser Substanzen in f3 und noch eine in c3 vor. Nach den Ergebnissen des enzymatischen Abbaus an Ultradünnschnitten von glutaraldehydfixiertem Material dürfte die argininreiche Fraktion im Inneren des Achsenfadens, und zwar in seinem distalen Anteil zu lokalisieren sein. Die lysinreiche Fraktion wäre demnach im Inneren des proximalen Anteils zu finden, während die schwerlösliche Komponente c3 mit der außerordentlich widerstandsfähigen Rinde des Achsenfadens identisch wäre. Im Halsstück, das aus einem kristallinen Mantel und einem homogenen elektronendichten zentralen Teil besteht, fanden sich mindestens drei Komponenten. Der Mantel enthielt ein leicht extrahierbares Protein und ein stabiles Gerüst, in dem aromatische Aminosäuren vermehrt vorzukommen scheinen. Der zentrale Teil bestand aus argininreichen Verbindungen. Die Befunde werden im Zusammenhang mit der Bildung von Achsenfaden und Halsstück während der Spermiogenese diskutiert.

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Relationships between structure and chemical composition of spermatozoa of the newt, Triturus alpestris Laur.

Summary Axial rods from spermatozoa of Triturus alpestris Laur. have been isolated. Three protein fractions therefrom could be extracted and analysed for their composition. Arginine prevailed in the soluble fraction f3, among others also cystine was found. f1+f2b contained less arginine, but more lysine. The highest percentage was found here for alinine. In each of the two fractions only nine amino acids were present. The sparely soluble fraction c3 contained all identifiable amino acids besides cystine, methionine and tyrosine. Moreover, the fraction f1+f2b showed as many as five unknown components, from which one was a light-green colour. To a lesser degree three of these compounds were also found in fraction f3 and still one in fraction c3. According to the results of the enzymatic digestion carried out on ultrathin section of material fixed with glutaraldehyde, the arginine-rich fraction should be localized in the center of the axial rod in its distal part. The lysine-rich fraction would then be found in the center of the proximal part, while the sparely soluble fraction c3 would be identical with the extremely resistant cortex of the axial rod. Within the neck-piece, which consists of a crystalline mantle and a homogenously dark central part, at least three components were present. The mantle contained an easily extractable protein and a stable frame, in which aromatic amino acids seemed to be increased. In the central part arginine prevailed. The results are discussed with regard to the formation of the axial rod and the neck-piece during spermiogenesis.

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Mit dankenswerter Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Functional aspects of lysosomal organelles in blood platelets

Summary Biochemical and ultrastructural findings from intact and fractionated pig and human blood platelets indicate the presence of different types of alpha granules. An electron dense type can be distinguished from a lighter one with a fibrillar matrix. The major part of the lysosomal hydrolases beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin is associated with the lighter granules. Most of the acid phosphatase appears in the vesicle fraction. The ultracytochemical investigation shows the acid phosphatase bound to both types of granules or vesicles. This enzyme is visible in the narrow spaces between the outer membranes of aggregated thrombocytes. Furthermore, there can be seen the transformation of alpha granules into vesicles and vesicles, which contain acid phosphatase releasing their contents into the extracellular medium. Thus the significance of the vesicle system for the release of substances out of the platelet seems to be proved. From this point of view the different types could be considered as alpha granules in different functional stages.Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn-Bad Godesberg.     

东北小鲵中枢神经系统形态学与组织学初步研究

本文应用脊椎动物神经标本制作法和HE染色法,对东北小鲵中枢神经系统的外部形态和组织学结构进行了初步研究,描述了东北小鲵神经系统形态和组织学结构的特点,并与无尾两栖类和爬行类相对比,探讨了有尾两栖类的进化地位。结果表明:与无尾两栖类(如蛙)相比,东北小鲵中枢神经系统中,大脑半球较小,结构较为原始,小脑结构简单,是两栖类中较为原始的类群。此外,东北小鲵开始具有了臂神经丛和骶神经丛,但没有爬行类的发达,可作为两栖类向爬行类进化的证据之一。     

植物丝氨酸/精氨酸丰富(SR)蛋白的结构和功能及其在植物发育中的作用

丝氨酸／精氨酸丰富（SR）蛋白家族是真核生物中的一类剪接因子,在前体mRNA的组成性和选择性剪接中起作用。本文就近十几年来SR蛋白结构和功能及其在植物发育中的作用的研究进展作以介绍。     

Phenotypic differences in behavior, physiology and neurochemistry between rats selected for tameness and for defensive aggression towards humans

To better understand the biology of tameness, i.e. tolerance of human presence and handling, we analyzed two lines of wild-derived rats (Rattus norvegicus) artificially selected for tameness and defensive aggression towards humans. In response to a gloved human hand, tame rats tolerated handling, whereas aggressive rats attacked. Cross-fostering showed that these behavioral differences are not caused by postnatal maternal effects. Tame rats were more active and explorative and exhibited fewer anxiety-related behaviors. They also had smaller adrenal glands, larger spleens and lower levels of serum corticosterone. Blood glucose levels were lower in tame rats, whereas the concentrations of nine amino acids were higher. In the brain, tame rats had lower serotonin and higher taurine levels than aggressive rats. Our findings reinforce the notion that tameness is correlated with differences in stress response and will facilitate future efforts to uncover the genetic basis for animal tameness.     

珍稀鹤类巢址的空间聚类识别方法

依据2003年到2005年松嫩平原西部地区珍稀鹤类巢址调查数据,利用三种不同类型的指数进行分析研究:(1)拓扑指数,Voronoi图面积;(2)统计指数,Morishita指数;(3)空间指数,分维数.结果表明珍稀鹤类巢址空间格局具有明显的空间聚类分布,这三个指数使我们对珍稀鹤类巢址的聚类现象有了定量的认识,加深对自然保护区资源保护的重要性.     

Global transcriptional response of pig brain and lung to natural infection by Pseudorabies virus

Background  

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesviruses whose native host is pig. PRV infection mainly causes signs of central nervous system disorder in young pigs, and respiratory system diseases in the adult.