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41.
Anu Mary Varghese Aparna Sharma Poojashree Mishra Kalyan Vijayalakshmi Hindalahalli Chandregowda Harsha Talakad N Sathyaprabha Srinivas MM Bharath Atchayaram Nalini Phalguni Anand Alladi Trichur R Raju 《Clinical proteomics》2013,10(1):19
Background
Potential biomarkers to aid diagnosis and therapy need to be identified for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a progressive motor neuronal degenerative disorder. The present study was designed to identify the factor(s) which are differentially expressed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS; ALS-CSF), and could be associated with the pathogenesis of this disease.Results
Quantitative mass spectrometry of ALS-CSF and control-CSF (from orthopaedic surgical patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia) samples showed upregulation of 31 proteins in the ALS-CSF, amongst which a ten-fold increase in the levels of chitotriosidase-1 (CHIT-1) was seen compared to the controls. A seventeen-fold increase in the CHIT-1 levels was detected by ELISA, while a ten-fold elevated enzyme activity was also observed. Both these results confirmed the finding of LC-MS/MS. CHIT-1 was found to be expressed by the Iba-1 immunopositive microglia.Conclusion
Elevated CHIT-1 levels in the ALS-CSF suggest a definitive role for the enzyme in the disease pathogenesis. Its synthesis and release from microglia into the CSF may be an aligned event of neurodegeneration. Thus, high levels of CHIT-1 signify enhanced microglial activity which may exacerbate the process of neurodegeneration. In view of the multifold increase observed in ALS-CSF, it can serve as a potential CSF biomarker for the diagnosis of SALS. 相似文献42.
In 59 samples of periphyton and phytoplankton collected in 2002 - 2003 from the Nahal Qishon (Qishon River), northern Israel, we found 178 species from seven divisions of algae and cyanoprocaryotes. Diatoms, clorophytes, and cyanoprocaryotes prevail. Nitzschia and Navicula (Bacillariophyta) are the most abundant. Most of the species are cosmopolitan or widespread, except Lagynion janei (Chrysophyta), which is endemic for the Mediterranean Realm. About 17% of species (26) are new for Israel and five of them represent the first recorded genera: Crinalium endophyticum Crow, Actinocyclus normanii (Gregory) Hustedt, Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum (Agardh) Kütz (Chlorophyta), Lagynion janei Bourelly, and Stylococcus aureus Chodat. Most of them come from a rare riverine assemblage with red alga Audouinella pygmea, as well as from the estuarine assemblage. Alkaliphiles predominate among the indicators of acidity, with few acidophiles confined to the communities under the impact of industrial wastes. Among the indicators of salinity, most numerous are the oligohalobien-indifferents and species adapted to a moderate salinity level. The relative species richness of ecological groups and the indices of saprobity are correlated with changes in conductivity, pH, and N-nitrate concentration. Indicators of organic pollution fall in the range of betameso- to alfamesosaprobic self-purification grades. Our studies show ecological significance of the Nahal Qishon as a model for a strongly disturbed aquatic ecosystem in the coastal zone of eastern Mediterranean. 相似文献
43.
Intensive nitrogen loss over the Omani Shelf due to anammox coupled with dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marlene M Jensen Phyllis Lam Niels Peter Revsbech Birgit Nagel Birgit Gaye Mike SM Jetten Marcel MM Kuypers 《The ISME journal》2011,5(10):1660-1670
A combination of stable isotopes (15N) and molecular ecological approaches was used to investigate the vertical distribution and mechanisms of biological N2 production along a transect from the Omani coast to the central–northeastern (NE) Arabian Sea. The Arabian Sea harbors the thickest oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the world''s oceans, and is considered to be a major site of oceanic nitrogen (N) loss. Short (<48 h) anoxic incubations with 15N-labeled substrates and functional gene expression analyses showed that the anammox process was highly active, whereas denitrification was hardly detectable in the OMZ over the Omani shelf at least at the time of our sampling. Anammox was coupled with dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium (DNRA), resulting in the production of double-15N-labeled N2 from 15NO2−, a signal often taken as the lone evidence for denitrification in the past. Although the central–NE Arabian Sea has conventionally been regarded as the primary N-loss region, low potential N-loss rates at sporadic depths were detected at best. N-loss activities in this region likely experience high spatiotemporal variabilities as linked to the availability of organic matter. Our finding of greater N-loss associated with the more productive Omani upwelling region is consistent with results from other major OMZs. The close reliance of anammox on DNRA also highlights the need to take into account the effects of coupling N-transformations on oceanic N-loss and subsequent N-balance estimates. 相似文献
44.
Mohankrishna Dalvoy Vasudevarao Pushpak Mizar Sujata Kumari Somnath Mandal Soumik Siddhanta Mahadeva MM Swamy Stephanie Kaypee Ravindra C Kodihalli Amrita Banerjee Chandrabhas Naryana Dipak Dasgupta Tapas K. Kundu 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(11):7702-7717
Hydroxynaphthoquinone-based inhibitors of the lysine acetyltransferase KAT3B (p300), such as plumbagin, are relatively toxic. Here, we report that free thiol reactivity and redox cycling properties greatly contribute to the toxicity of plumbagin. A reactive 3rd position in the naphthoquinone derivatives is essential for thiol reactivity and enhances redox cycling. Using this clue, we synthesized PTK1, harboring a methyl substitution at the 3rd position of plumbagin. This molecule loses its thiol reactivity completely and its redox cycling ability to a lesser extent. Mechanistically, non-competitive, reversible binding of the inhibitor to the lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) domain of p300 is largely responsible for the acetyltransferase inhibition. Remarkably, the modified inhibitor PTK1 was a nearly non-toxic inhibitor of p300. The present report elucidates the mechanism of acetyltransferase activity inhibition by 1,4-naphthoquinones, which involves redox cycling and nucleophilic adduct formation, and it suggests possible routes of synthesis of the non-toxic inhibitor. 相似文献
45.
46.
Afforestation is a recommended practice to mitigate global warming. However, their implementation may generate undesirable impacts, mostly if exotic species are used. Plantations of Pinus radiata D Don in Ventania (Bs. As., Argentina) soils showed notorious increments of extractable P (Pe), which could affect the dynamic of this element as well as the degree of phosphorus saturation (GSPBray). The objectives of this study were: i) to quantify the GSPBray in Mollisols afforested with P. radiata comparing the results with those coming from adjacent, natural grassland areas (base line); ii) to evaluate the potential environmental risk induced by afforestation through the identification of a change point (PC) in the GSPBray indicative of a phosphate leaching increment. Treatments included mature stands of P. radiata (TB) and adjacent areas with natural grassland vegetation (TP). Samples were taken at 0-15; 15-30 and 30-45 cm soil depth, and texture, pH, total organic carbon (COT), Pe, soluble reactive phosphorus (PSR), phosphorus sorption index (ISP) and GSPBray were determined. The results showed a significant acidification in TB and an increase in the COT stock, indicating an additional atmospheric CO2 sequestration by the trees. The Pe and PSR values were notoriously higher in TB, and they were reflected in a significant increment in the GSPBray with respect to TP. The detection of a significant PC in the GSPBray-PSR regression indicates higher chances of phosphate leaching in the forest stands, which could reach water courses, lakes and artificial reservoirs promoting their eutrophication. Because of the potential environmental pollution risk of biologic origin derived from the afforestation with P. radiata in Mollisols areas, their inclusion in clean development practices must be reconsidered. 相似文献
47.
48.
Resumé Les auteurs ont étudié la composition chimique (N, substances humiques, lignine) de copeaux de bois blanc exposés à l'air libre depuis 2 à 10 ans, ainsi que leur type de peuplement fongique. En l'absence de lignivore, le pH, les taux de lignine et d'N s'élèvent et il se forme des quantités modérées d'humus à forte capacité d'échange. Dans le cas contraire, on voit apparaître, en abondance, des substances humiques peu condensées et la matière organique subit une évolution rappelant celle du mor.Avec la collaboration technique de Melle. M. Clet.Kononova, dans sa monographie5, signale de Troussov (1916) une étude que nous n'avons pas eu en mains. 相似文献
49.
Studies of esterase 6 in Drosophila melanogaster. XVIII. Biochemical differences between the slow and fast allozymes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Most natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster are polymorphic for two
major electrophoretic variants at the esterase-6 locus. The frequency of
the EST 6F allozyme is greatest in populations in warmer latitudes, whereas
the EST 6S allozyme is predominant in colder latitudes. Latitudinal clines
in electromorph frequencies are found on three continents. Purified
preparations of the allozymes have been characterized for their pH optimum,
substrate specificity, organophosphate inhibition, alcohol activation,
thermal stability, and kinetic parameters. These and previous analyses of
the EST 6 allozymes reveal that the two variants have differences in their
physical and kinetic properties that may provide a basis for the selective
maintenance of the polymorphisms and an explanation of the clinal variation
observed in natural populations.
相似文献
50.
C André Lévesque Henk Brouwer Liliana Cano John P Hamilton Carson Holt Edgar Huitema Sylvain Raffaele Gregg P Robideau Marco Thines Joe Win Marcelo M Zerillo Gordon W Beakes Jeffrey L Boore Dana Busam Bernard Dumas Steve Ferriera Susan I Fuerstenberg Claire MM Gachon Elodie Gaulin Francine Govers Laura Grenville-Briggs Neil Horner Jessica Hostetler Rays HY Jiang Justin Johnson Theerapong Krajaejun Haining Lin Harold JG Meijer Barry Moore Paul Morris Vipaporn Phuntmart Daniela Puiu Jyoti Shetty Jason E Stajich Sucheta Tripathy Stephan Wawra Pieter van West Brett R Whitty Pedro M Coutinho Bernard Henrissat Frank Martin Paul D Thomas Brett M Tyler Ronald P De Vries Sophien Kamoun Mark Yandell Ned Tisserat C Robin Buell 《Genome biology》2010,11(7):1-22