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921.
The male rotifer copulatory organ is composed of a urethral canal extending from the tip of the copulatory organ internally to a layer of microvilli. The microvilli project from two different cell types, referred to as the internal and peripheral microvillar cells according to their location. At this microvillar junction a second canal, the vas deferens, continues posteriorly and enters the sperm duct region of the testis. The channel of the vas deferens is formed from the inner wall of three separate cells; the cap, intermediate and basal cells. Peripheral to these cells and parallel to them for their entire length, cross sections of seven prostate gland cells can be observed. Anteriorly, these gland cells are connected to the basal end of the microvillar layer via a short neck region, through which glandular secretion occurs only during copulation. The mechanism of secretion appears to be a form of exocytosis whereby the secretory granule membrane fuses with the cell plasmalemma so that rupturing at the point of fusion will release the granule content into the neck region. The prostate gland cells contain an abundance of autophagic vacuoles while most of the other cells of the copulatory organ contain primary lysosomes and cytolosomes. These organelles may be associated with the aging process in rotifers, or, as in the case of the prostate gland-autophagic vacuoles, with a fast organelle turnover during secretion. 相似文献
922.
923.
Fenella J. Rich Sabine Kuhn Evelyn J. Hyde Jacquie L. Harper Franca Ronchese Joanna R. Kirman 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2012,61(12):2333-2342
Mycobacteria and their cell wall components have been used with varying degrees of success to treat tumors, and Mycobacterium bovis BCG remains in use as a standard treatment for superficial bladder cancer. Mycobacterial immunotherapy is very effective in eliciting local immune responses against solid tumors when administered topically; however, its effectiveness in eliciting adaptive immune responses has been variable. Using a subcutaneous mouse thymoma model, we investigated whether immunotherapy with Mycobacterium smegmatis, a fast-growing mycobacterium of low pathogenicity, induces a systemic adaptive immune response. We found that M. smegmatis delivered adjacent to the tumor site elicited a systemic anti-tumor immune response that was primarily mediated by CD8+ T cells. Of note, we identified a CD11c+CD40intCD11bhiGr-1+ inflammatory DC population in the tumor-draining lymph nodes that was found only in mice treated with M. smegmatis. Our data suggest that, rather than rescuing the function of the DC already present in the tumor and/or tumor-draining lymph node, M. smegmatis treatment may promote anti-tumor immune responses by inducing the involvement of a new population of inflammatory cells with intact function. 相似文献
924.
925.
Sandro Pontremoli Bianca Sparatore Edon Melloni Franca Salamino Mauro Michetti Alessandro Morelli Umberto Benatti Antonio de Flora 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1980,630(3):313-322
The three acidic proteinases (designated I, II and III, respectively) associated with human erythrocyte membranes were solubilized and purified to an electrophoretically homogeneous state by conventional procedures. Comparative analysis of chemical properties, including amino acid composition and fragmentation by cyanogen bromide cleavage, revealed significant differences among proteinases I, II and III. On the other hand, complete identity among the three proteolytic enzymes was observed on the basis of the peptide bonds specifically hydrolyzed in both glucagon- and phenylalanine-deprived oxidized B chain of insulin. In fact, each of the three proteinases produced splitting of the glucagon molecule between phenylalanine-22 and valine-23, while the susceptible bonds in the oxidized B chain of insulin proved to be those between leucine-15 and tyrosine-16 and between phenylalanine-25 and tyrosine-26, respectively. 相似文献
926.
Amanda V. Steckert Samira S. Valvassori Morgana Moretti Felipe Dal-Pizzol João Quevedo 《Neurochemical research》2010,35(9):1295-1301
In this work, we review the studies of oxidative stress markers, showing association with the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder
(BD). BD is a prevalent, chronic and highly disabling psychiatric disorder. Several hypotheses have been postulated to explain
the exact neurochemical mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BD, including a role for monoamines, gamma-amino butyric
acid (GABA), glutamate, and second messenger singling pathways. More recently, oxidative stress has been implicated in the
pathogenesis of BD. Recent studies have reported increased products of lipid peroxidation and alterations of the major antioxidants
enzymes in patients with BD. It has been widely demonstrated that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a
critical role in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders, such BD. 相似文献
927.
A Masala T Meloni S Alagna P P Rovasio G Mele V Franca 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1980,281(6249):1175-1177
The effect of long-term treatment with phenobarbitone on pituitary responsiveness to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone was studied in 20 boys being treated with the drug to prevent febrile convulsions. Baseline concentrations of luteinising and follicle-stimulating hormones were reduced as well as the responses of these hormones to stimulation with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. Baseline prolactin concentrations were raised in comparison with those in normal children. The response of prolactin to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, however, was impaired only in the children who had been receiving the drug for a long time. Phenobarbitone had no effect on the secretion of growth hormone. Further studies should be carried out to ascertain how long these effects on pituitary function last after phenobarbitone is withdrawn and whether this interference with pituitary function modifies the child''s subsequent development. 相似文献
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930.
Simona Mrakic-Sposta Maristella Gussoni Sarah Moretti Lorenza Pratali Guido Giardini Philippe Tacchini Cinzia Dellanoce Alessandro Tonacci Francesca Mastorci Andrea Borghini Michela Montorsi Alessandra Vezzoli 《PloS one》2015,10(11)