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211.
Jean L. Santos Paulo R. Yamasaki Chung Man Chin Célio H. Takashi Fernando R. Pavan Clarice Q.F. Leite 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2009,17(11):3795-3799
New phthalimide derivatives were easily prepared through condensation of phthalic anhydride and selected amines with variable yields (70–90%). All compounds (3a–l) were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using Alamar Blue susceptibility. The compounds 3c, 3i, and 3l have the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3.9, 7.8, and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively, and could be considered new lead compounds in the treatment of tuberculosis and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. 相似文献
212.
Dan Cog?lniceanu Laurentiu Rozylowicz Paul Székely Ciprian Samoil? Florina St?nescu Marian Tudor Diana Székely Ruben Iosif 《ZooKeys》2013,(341):49-76
The reptile fauna of Romania comprises 23 species, out of which 12 species reach here the limit of their geographic range. We compiled and updated a national database of the reptile species occurrences from a variety of sources including our own field surveys, personal communication from specialists, museum collections and the scientific literature. The occurrence records were georeferenced and stored in a geodatabase for additional analysis of their spatial patterns. The spatial analysis revealed a biased sampling effort concentrated in various protected areas, and deficient in the vast agricultural areas of the southern part of Romania. The patterns of species richness showed a higher number of species in the warmer and drier regions, and a relatively low number of species in the rest of the country. Our database provides a starting point for further analyses, and represents a reliable tool for drafting conservation plans. 相似文献
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214.
Distinct effects of climate warming on populations of silver fir (Abies alba) across Europe
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Estimating the extent of biological invasions is critical in predicting the effect of exotic species. We investigated the occurrence and number of alien freshwater plants and give information on the composition of alien aquatic flora, their trend in time, invasion pathway, and their invasive character. 相似文献
218.
Márcia M. Medeiros Henrique B. da Silva Aramys S. Reis Renato Barboza Joanne Thompson Maria Regina D'Império Lima Cláudio R. F. Marinho Carlos E. Tadokoro 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
It is postulated that accumulation of malaria-infected Red Blood Cells (iRBCs) in the liver could be a parasitic escape mechanism against full destruction by the host immune system. Therefore, we evaluated the in vivo mechanism of this accumulation and its potential immunological consequences. A massive liver accumulation of P. c. chabaudi AS-iRBCs (Pc-iRBCs) was observed by intravital microscopy along with an over expression of ICAM-1 on day 7 of the infection, as measured by qRT-PCR. Phenotypic changes were also observed in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and dendritic cells (DCs) that were isolated from infected livers, which indicate a functional role for Tregs in the regulation of the liver inflammatory immune response. In fact, the suppressive function of liver-Tregs was in vitro tested, which demonstrated the capacity of these cells to suppress naive T cell activation to the same extent as that observed for spleen-Tregs. On the other hand, it is already known that CD4+ T cells isolated from spleens of protozoan parasite-infected mice are refractory to proliferate in vivo. In our experiments, we observed a similar lack of in vitro proliferative capacity in liver CD4+ T cells that were isolated on day 7 of infection. It is also known that nitric oxide and IL-10 are partially involved in acute phase immunosuppression; we found high expression levels of IL-10 and iNOS mRNA in day 7-infected livers, which indicates a possible role for these molecules in the observed immune suppression. Taken together, these results indicate that malaria parasite accumulation within the liver could be an escape mechanism to avoid sterile immunity sponsored by a tolerogenic environment. 相似文献
219.
Three different fluorochrome and specific counterstain combination (DAPI/AMD, DA/DAPI and CMA/DA) treatments were applied to the chromosomes of four Microtidae (Rodentia) species. The results complete the data obtained in our previous paper (Burgos, M., Jiménez, R., & Dìaz de la Guardia, R., Genome 30:540–546, 1988) and prove that the changes in the constitutive heterochromatin in the evolution of the karyotypes of these species are not only due to gain or loss of heterochromatin, but are qualitative with respect to their nucleotide composition, repeated base pair organization or DNA-protein complex modification. These variations lead to the differential response to the fluorescence dye combinations used. 相似文献