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121.
Mirjam MJ Jacobs Ronald G van den Berg Vivianne GAA Vleeshouwers Marcel Visser Rolf Mank Mariëlle Sengers Roel Hoekstra Ben Vosman 《BMC evolutionary biology》2008,8(1):145
Background
The secondary genepool of our modern cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) consists of a large number of tuber-bearing wild Solanum species under Solanum section Petota. One of the major taxonomic problems in section Petota is that the series classification (as put forward by Hawkes) is problematic and the boundaries of some series are unclear. In addition, the classification has received only partial cladistic support in all molecular studies carried out to date. 相似文献122.
WS Watkins R Thara BJ Mowry Y Zhang DJ Witherspoon W Tolpinrud MJ Bamshad S Tirupati R Padmavati H Smith D Nancarrow C Filippich LB Jorde 《BMC genetics》2008,9(1):1-17
Background
Major population movements, social structure, and caste endogamy have influenced the genetic structure of Indian populations. An understanding of these influences is increasingly important as gene mapping and case-control studies are initiated in South Indian populations.Results
We report new data on 155 individuals from four Tamil caste populations of South India and perform comparative analyses with caste populations from the neighboring state of Andhra Pradesh. Genetic differentiation among Tamil castes is low (RST = 0.96% for 45 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers), reflecting a largely common origin. Nonetheless, caste- and continent-specific patterns are evident. For 32 lineage-defining Y-chromosome SNPs, Tamil castes show higher affinity to Europeans than to eastern Asians, and genetic distance estimates to the Europeans are ordered by caste rank. For 32 lineage-defining mitochondrial SNPs and hypervariable sequence (HVS) 1, Tamil castes have higher affinity to eastern Asians than to Europeans. For 45 autosomal STRs, upper and middle rank castes show higher affinity to Europeans than do lower rank castes from either Tamil Nadu or Andhra Pradesh. Local between-caste variation (Tamil Nadu RST = 0.96%, Andhra Pradesh RST = 0.77%) exceeds the estimate of variation between these geographically separated groups (RST = 0.12%). Low, but statistically significant, correlations between caste rank distance and genetic distance are demonstrated for Tamil castes using Y-chromosome, mtDNA, and autosomal data.Conclusion
Genetic data from Y-chromosome, mtDNA, and autosomal STRs are in accord with historical accounts of northwest to southeast population movements in India. The influence of ancient and historical population movements and caste social structure can be detected and replicated in South Indian caste populations from two different geographic regions. 相似文献123.
Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A Metsios GS Panoulas VF Douglas KM Nevill AM Jamurtas AZ Kita M Koutedakis Y Kitas GD 《Arthritis research & therapy》2008,10(3):R59
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with altered metabolism leading to muscle wasting. In the general population, cigarette smoking is known to affect body composition by reducing fat and inhibiting muscle synthesis. Even though smoking has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of RA, its possible effects on body composition of such patients have not been studied. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify potential associations of smoking with body weight and composition of RA patients. 相似文献124.
目的: 由于传统呼吸调控环路忽略了对血液循环的决定性作用,肺(静脉)血管容量相关研究甚少,亟需建立肺血管容量测量方法。方法: 选择正常志愿者完成CT全肺扫描,图像数据经过计算机软件分析处理,从肺尖到肺底以40~50层进行肺野手工切划,相邻层间由计算机自动模拟连接,在去除干扰后进行全肺血管(≥0.6 mm)高精度三维立体成像技术处理,进而计算全肺和肺血管容积。结果: 12例正常志愿者从肺尖到肺底CT扫描图片层数为530±98(431~841)张。全肺和肺血管的总容积是3705±857(2398~5383)ml ,肺血管血液总的容积是125±32(94~201)ml。按肺静脉系统血管容量约为全肺血管血液容量一半计算,应该是63±16(47~100)ml。结论: 肺CT扫描数据分析三维立体成像建立肺血管容量无创测量方法精确可行。 相似文献
125.
López-Calderón MJ U Figueroa-Viramontes M Fortis-Hernández G Núñez-Hernández E Ochoa-Martínez JI Sanchez-Duarte 《Phyton》2015,84(1):8-13
An experiment with increasing rates of fertilizer and manure in silage corn was established to evaluate the agronomic crop response and to estimate the manure nitrogen availability. The treatments were designed to deliver 0, 67, 100 and 133% of the crop nitrogen requirements (CNR), using ammonium sulphate and manure as N source. Dry matter (DM) yield was similar among treatments receiving N, but those values were greater than those found in the control. Nitrogen extraction at harvest was not statistically different in treatments with fertilizer or manure, but it was higher in these treatments than in the control without N (p≤ 0.05). With both sources of N, crop N extraction was adjusted to a quadratic regression equation, as a function of N rates. According to the fertilizer equivalence (EF) methodology, the rate of 231.3 kg/ha of inorganic fertilizer N, and 752.9 kg/ha of total N in manure, had 129.5 kg/ha of N extracted by the crop. The ratio of the above rates, fertilizer N/ manure total N, represents the crop available manure N; in the present study, it was 30.7% of total N in the manure. Since no differences in yield were observed between N sources, it is concluded that N fertilizer can be substituted by manure, at a rate estimated to provide the crop N requirements. The estimation of the manure available N is important to adjust manure rates, thereafter avoiding excessive applications and pollution risks. 相似文献
126.
127.
128.
Amino acid sequence versus morphological data and the interordinal relationships of mammals 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To a large extent, the mutual affinities of the mammalian orders continue
to puzzle systematists, even though comparative anatomy and amino acid
sequencing offer a massive data base from which these relationships could
potentially be adduced. In the present paper the consistency index--the
number of character states less the number of characters in a data set,
divided by the total number of changes in the character states on a
cladogram--was used to examine the relative resolving powers of recently
published morphological and molecular- sequence data. Consistency indices
were calculated for previously published alpha crystallin A chain and
myoglobin amino acid-sequence cladograms and for four original amino
acid-sequence cladograms (alpha crystallin A, myoglobin, and alpha and beta
hemoglobin); these were found to be comparable to the consistency indices
of morphologically based cladograms. Qualitative comparisons between the
morphologically based and molecularly based trees were also made; only
moderate congruence between the two was observed. Moreover, there was a
general lack of congruence between the cladograms specified by each of the
four proteins. Amino acid-sequence and morphological data agreed on the
placement of edentates as an early eutherian offshoot and on the grouping
of hyracoids, proboscideans, and sirenians. Otherwise there was only
limited congruence: morphology strongly supported the grouping of
lagomorphs and rodents and the alliance of pholidotes and edentates, but
sequence analyses did not. The placement of tubulidentates differed widely
among proteins. Morphology indicated the close association of sirenians
with proboscideans; proteins suggested a pairing of sirenians with
hyracoids. Sequence data did not identify many (morphologically
well-diagnosed) orders as monophyletic (e.g., Lagomorpha).(ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
相似文献
129.
Anna E van der Windt Esther Haak Ruud HJ Das Nicole Kops Tim JM Welting Marjolein MJ Caron Niek P van Til Jan AN Verhaar Harrie Weinans Holger Jahr 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(3):R100
Introduction
Chondrocytes experience a hypertonic environment compared with plasma (280 mOsm) due to the high fixed negative charge density of cartilage. Standard isolation of chondrocytes removes their hypertonic matrix, exposing them to nonphysiological conditions. During in vitro expansion, chondrocytes quickly lose their specialized phenotype, making them inappropriate for cell-based regenerative strategies. We aimed to elucidate the effects of tonicity during isolation and in vitro expansion on chondrocyte phenotype. 相似文献130.
Herman MJ Sontrop Perry D Moerland René van den Ham Marcel JT Reinders Wim FJ Verhaegh 《BMC bioinformatics》2009,10(1):389-22