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Allan Raffard Julien Cucherousset Jos M. Montoya Murielle Richard Samson Acoca-Pidolle Camille Posy Alexandre Garreau Frdric Santoul Simon Blanchet 《PLoS biology》2021,19(3)
Loss in intraspecific diversity can alter ecosystem functions, but the underlying mechanisms are still elusive, and intraspecific biodiversity–ecosystem function (iBEF) relationships have been restrained to primary producers. Here, we manipulated genetic and functional richness of a fish consumer (Phoxinus phoxinus) to test whether iBEF relationships exist in consumer species and whether they are more likely sustained by genetic or functional richness. We found that both genotypic and functional richness affected ecosystem functioning, either independently or interactively. Loss in genotypic richness reduced benthic invertebrate diversity consistently across functional richness treatments, whereas it reduced zooplankton diversity only when functional richness was high. Finally, losses in genotypic and functional richness altered functions (decomposition) through trophic cascades. We concluded that iBEF relationships lead to substantial top-down effects on entire food chains. The loss of genotypic richness impacted ecological properties as much as the loss of functional richness, probably because it sustains “cryptic” functional diversity.Global change is expected to generate a loss of intraspecific diversity worldwide. This mesocosm study explores whether loss of genetic and functional diversity in a predator species affects community and ecosystem functioning of lower trophic levels in pond ecosystems, revealing that diversity loss in a single consumer species can impact an entire ecosystem, reducing its functionality. 相似文献
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G A Montoya J Roa F Cruz F Villena P Pezo 《Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, Comp. Pharmacol. Toxicol.》1988,89(2):377-382
1. A comparison of phenol, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and procaine effects on axonal conduction were studied in vitro in the sciatic nerves of toad. PCP and procaine were respectively 6.3 and 3.15 times more potent than phenol in blocking axonal conduction. 2. Effects of PCP on synaptic transmission were studied in vitro in the eighth sympathetic ganglion of toad. 3. Axonal conduction block and synaptic transmission block by phenol was reversible, but not that by PCP. 4. When the PCP ionization was increased, a lesser per cent reached the site of action, reducing its capacity to block the axonal conduction and ganglionic transmission. 5. PCP plus, 3,4-Diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) decreased synaptic transmission block from post-ganglionic compound action potential (CAP) responses to supramaximal preganglionic stimulation. 相似文献
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Angel Montoya Maria J. Gómez-Lechón Jose V. Castell 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1989,25(4):358-364
Summary Supplementation of Ham's F12 culture medium with essential amino acids (EAA) up to the rat plasma levels increased the rates
of synthesis of albumin and transferrin by cultured rat hepatocytes by 1.3 and 1.7, respectively. Fifty percent of this increase
could be attributed to three of the EAA: the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: Leu Ile and Val). Non-branched-chain essential
amino acids (non-BC-EAA) stimulated only 25% of the increase produced by the whole EAA mixture. When each EAA was tested individually,
none of them caused an appreciable increase in albumin and transferrin in culture medium. When the concentrations of all EAA
were raised to rat postprandial portal levels, albumin and transferrin synthesis rates reached a maximum, increasing by 3.2
and 3.5, respectively. Supplementation with BCAA at postprandial portal concentrations increased albumin and transferrin synthesis
rates by 2.2 and 2.0, respectively, and had no noteworthy effect on the synthesis of cellular proteins. Non-BC-EAA at their
postprandial portal concentrations increased albumin and transferrin synthesis rates by 1.7 and 1.9, respectively. Supplementation
with alanine to reach a nitrogen content equal to that of the modified EAA-enriched medium had no stimulatory effect. Our
results show that EAA have a specific effect on the synthesis of plasma proteins by cultured hepatocytes, and that BCAA at
physiologic concentrations account for the major part of this stimulatory effect. Consequently, EAA and particularly BCAA
concentration should be elevated in serum-free nutrient media to sustain maximum plasma protein synthesis. 相似文献
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An adult male Callimico goeldii died spontaneously. At necropsy, small whitish foci were found randomly distributed on the liver surface. Histologically, the foci were composed of mixed inflammatory cells with predominant polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and central areas of necrosis. Microbiological cultures revealed a Gram-negative coccoid-bacilli with bipolar staining. Biochemical analysis revealed that the microorganism was Pasteurella haemolytica. 相似文献