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111.
Truus de Vrije Robert R Bakker Miriam AW Budde Man H Lai Astrid E Mars Pieternel AM Claassen 《Biotechnology for biofuels》2009,2(1):12-15
Background
The production of hydrogen from biomass by fermentation is one of the routes that can contribute to a future sustainable hydrogen economy. Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive feedstock because of its abundance, low production costs and high polysaccharide content. 相似文献112.
Once thought to be impossible or a waste of resources, the initial high-volume stages of sequencing the human genome have been completed. 相似文献
113.
Many people in the United Arab Emirates store rice in large quantities for long periods of time before use. Five hundred samples
of rice were collected from households in Al-Ain city during the summers of 1992-1994. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 160 samples (64%) of long grain rice and 81 Samples (32%) of short grain rice at levels ranging from 1.2
to 16.5 μg/kg. The moisture content of samples varied between 5.7% and 15.3%. Species ofAspergillus andPenicillium (includingA. flavus andA. parasiticus) were isolated from discoloured, broken and insect damaged grain and it was confirmed that at least two of the isolates ofA. flavus were aflatoxigenic. These findings demonstrate that rice may contribute to dietary exposure to aflatoxins which are known
to be carcinogenic and immunosuppressive. 相似文献
114.
Abstact Milk and dairy products purchased at Egyptian markets and breast milk from lactating mothers in Cairo and Giza governorates
were analyzed for some mycotoxins. Three of 15 cows’ milk samples were found positive for Afl. M1 with mean value 6.3 ppb. Only one sample of dried milk was positive (5 ppb). Two of 10 hard cheese samples contained detectable
levels of Afl. M1 (3and 6 ppb), whereas one sample containing Afl. B1 and G1 (10 and 4 ppb resp.). For soft cheese one sample of 10 was positive for Afl. M1 (0.5 ppb). Blue veined cheeses were free of Afl. M1 and PR-toxins.
For breast milk two of 10 samples were positive for Afl. M1 (20%) with mean value 2.75 ppb, while 3 of 10 samples were positive for Ochratoxin A (30 %). 相似文献
115.
LUÍSA C. CARVALHO JOÃO L. COITO SILVANA COLAÇO MAURÍCIO SANGIOGO SARA AMÂNCIO 《Plant, cell & environment》2015,38(4):777-789
Heat stress is a major limiting factor of grapevine production and quality. Acclimation and recovery are essential to ensure plant survival, and the recovery mechanisms can be independent of the heat response mechanisms. An experimental set up with and without acclimation to heat followed by recovery [stepwise acclimation and recovery (SAR) and stepwise recovery (SR), respectively] was applied to two grapevine varieties, Touriga Nacional (TN), and Trincadeira (TR), with different tolerance to abiotic stress. Major differences were found between leaves of SAR and SR, especially after recovery; in SAR, almost all parameters returned to basal levels while in SR they remained altered. Acclimation led to a swifter and short‐term antioxidative response, affecting the plant to a lesser extent than SR. Significant differences were found among varieties: upon stress, TN significantly increased ascorbate and glutathione reduction levels, boosting the cell's redox‐buffering capacity, while TR needed to synthesize both metabolites, its response being insufficient to keep the redox state at working levels. TR was affected by stress for a longer period and the up‐regulation pattern of antioxidative stress genes was more obvious. In TN, heat shock proteins were significantly induced, but the canonical heat‐stress gene signature was not evident probably because no shutdown of the housekeeping metabolism was needed. 相似文献
116.
Sunjin Moon Tae-Hun Kim Kyung-Tai Lee Woori Kwak Taeheon Lee Si-Woo Lee Myung-Jick Kim Kyuho Cho Namshin Kim Won-Hyong Chung Samsun Sung Taesung Park Seoae Cho Martien AM Groenen Rasmus Nielsen Yuseob Kim Heebal Kim 《BMC genomics》2015,16(1)
Background
Animal domestication involved drastic phenotypic changes driven by strong artificial selection and also resulted in new populations of breeds, established by humans. This study aims to identify genes that show evidence of recent artificial selection during pig domestication.Results
Whole-genome resequencing of 30 individual pigs from domesticated breeds, Landrace and Yorkshire, and 10 Asian wild boars at ~16-fold coverage was performed resulting in over 4.3 million SNPs for 19,990 genes. We constructed a comprehensive genome map of directional selection by detecting selective sweeps using an FST-based approach that detects directional selection in lineages leading to the domesticated breeds and using a haplotype-based test that detects ongoing selective sweeps within the breeds. We show that candidate genes under selection are significantly enriched for loci implicated in quantitative traits important to pig reproduction and production. The candidate gene with the strongest signals of directional selection belongs to group III of the metabolomics glutamate receptors, known to affect brain functions associated with eating behavior, suggesting that loci under strong selection include loci involved in behaviorial traits in domesticated pigs including tameness.Conclusions
We show that a significant proportion of selection signatures coincide with loci that were previously inferred to affect phenotypic variation in pigs. We further identify functional enrichment related to behavior, such as signal transduction and neuronal activities, for those targets of selection during domestication in pigs.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1330-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献117.
Bellis M; Jubier-Maurin V; Dod B; Vanlerberghe F; Laurent AM; Senglat C; Bonhomme F; Roizes G 《Molecular biology and evolution》1987,4(4):351-363
The presence of the L1 sequences, L1Md4 next to the pseudogene beta h3 and
I12 found in the twelfth intron of the albumin gene, in certain strains of
laboratory mice but not of others has led to the suggestion that these
sequences were recent insertions into the Mus mus domesticus genome. To be
sure that they are really recent insertions and not relics of an ancestral
chromosome, we investigated the presence or absence of these sequences in
populations of wild mice belonging to the semispecies M. m. domesticus and
M. m. musculus as well as in other species of the genus Mus and in related
murids. The sequence I12 in the albumin gene was found in 34% of the
chromosomes of the wild mice belonging to M. m. domesticus and to a lesser
extent (6%) in M. m. musculus. Of 114 M. m. domesticus chromosomes, L1Md4
was found in only nine, seven of which came from the same locality. Its
presence was associated with the haplotype Hbbp, which is relatively rare
in European populations of M. musculus. Since there was no evidence for the
presence of these two L1 sequences in more distantly related species, we
conclude that they are recent insertions in the M. musculus genome.
相似文献
118.
Fitness effects of amino acid replacements in the beta-galactosidase of Escherichia coli 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
Two genetic procedures were used to obtain amino acid replacements in the
lacZ-encoded beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli. Amino acid
replacements could be obtained without regard to their effects on lactase
activity by selecting spontaneous mutations that relieved the strong
polarity of six nonsense mutations. When streaked on MacConkey- lactose
indicator plates, approximately 75% of these mutants gave strong red
lactose-fermenting colonies, and 25% gave white nonfermenting colonies.
Mutants from 11 other nonsense codons were isolated directly using
MacConkey-lactose indicator plates, on which positive color indication
requires only 0.5% of the wildtype lactase activity. Among the total of 17
codons, 25 variant beta-galactosidases were identified using
electrophoresis and thermal denaturation studies. The fitness effects of
these variant beta-galactosidases were determined using competition
experiments conducted with lactose as the sole nutrient limiting the growth
rate in chemostat cultures. Three of the replacements were deleterious, one
was selectively advantageous, and the selective effects of the remaining 21
were undetectable under conditions in which the smallest detectable
selection coefficient was approximately 0.4%/generation.
相似文献
119.
Forbes SH; Hogg JT; Buchanan FC; Crawford AM; Allendorf FW 《Molecular biology and evolution》1995,12(6):1106-1113
We compared genotypes at eight (AC)n microsatellite loci in domestic sheep
(Ovis aries) and wild Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (O. canadensis). The
domestic sheep had greater genetic variation, higher allele-size variances,
and larger allele sizes than the wild sheep. Accumulating evidence from
higher taxonomic comparisons shows that these parameters are biased if
microsatellite loci are selected in one taxon and used in another. Our
results demonstrate similar biases between congeneric species. We compared
standard measures of genetic variation, differentiation, and distance
within and between species (H, D, FST) to newer measures based on
allele-size variance (SW, SB, RST). The size-based distances better
detected species-level divergence, but standard measures better
distinguished allopatric populations. Empirical calibration of these
measures at the subspecies level is needed to establish their useful
ranges.
相似文献
120.
Robert HS Kraus Hindrik HD Kerstens Pim Van Hooft Richard PMA Crooijmans Jan J Van Der Poel Johan Elmberg Alain Vignal Yinhua Huang Ning Li Herbert HT Prins Martien AM Groenen 《BMC genomics》2011,12(1):150