全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4798篇 |
免费 | 376篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 25篇 |
2022年 | 65篇 |
2021年 | 119篇 |
2020年 | 52篇 |
2019年 | 73篇 |
2018年 | 101篇 |
2017年 | 85篇 |
2016年 | 149篇 |
2015年 | 262篇 |
2014年 | 246篇 |
2013年 | 330篇 |
2012年 | 420篇 |
2011年 | 404篇 |
2010年 | 249篇 |
2009年 | 196篇 |
2008年 | 308篇 |
2007年 | 300篇 |
2006年 | 264篇 |
2005年 | 257篇 |
2004年 | 243篇 |
2003年 | 218篇 |
2002年 | 237篇 |
2001年 | 46篇 |
2000年 | 34篇 |
1999年 | 47篇 |
1998年 | 52篇 |
1997年 | 45篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 35篇 |
1994年 | 31篇 |
1993年 | 34篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有5175条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Giuseppe Forlani Giuseppe Sabbioni Daniele Ragno Davide Petrollino Monica Borgatti 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2021,36(1):1248
In certain cancers, such as breast, prostate and some lung and skin cancers, the gene for the enzyme catalysing the second and last step in proline synthesis, δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase, has been found upregulated. This leads to a higher proline content that exacerbates the effects of the so-called proline-P5C cycle, with tumour cells effectively using this method to increase cell survival. If a method of reducing or inhibiting P5C reductase could be discovered, it would provide new means of treating cancer. To address this point, the effect of some phenyl-substituted derivatives of aminomethylene-bisphosphonic acid, previously found to interfere with the catalytic activity of plant and bacterial P5C reductases, was evaluated in vitro on the human isoform 1 (PYCR1), expressed in E. coli and affinity purified. The 3.5-dibromophenyl- and 3.5-dichlorophenyl-derivatives showed a remarkable effectiveness, with IC50 values lower than 1 µM and a mechanism of competitive type against both P5C and NADPH. The actual occurrence in vivo of enzyme inhibition was assessed on myelogenous erythroleukemic K562 and epithelial breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines, whose growth was progressively impaired by concentrations of the dibromo derivative ranging from 10−6 to 10−4 M. Interestingly, growth inhibition was not relieved by the exogenous supply of proline, suggesting that the effect relies on the interference with the proline-P5C cycle, and not on proline starvation. 相似文献
92.
Natale Vincenzo Esposito Maria José Martoni Monica Fabbri Marco 《Sleep and biological rhythms》2006,4(1):72-74
Sleep and Biological Rhythms - The aim of the present work was to validate the reduced version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQr) using circadian motor activity as external... 相似文献
93.
94.
Ovules of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) were studied to discloseultrastructural features, which can facilitate nutrient transportto the embryo sac from 10 d after pollination (DAP) to the matureseed. Fertilization occurs during the first 24 h after pollination.The endosperm is a coenocyte, which is eventually consumed bythe embryo. By 10 DAP the inner integument is degraded and theouter integument adjoins the embryo sac boundary. The heart-shapedembryo approaches the embryo sac boundary at two sites, whichhere are named contact zones. Small integument cells in theneighbourhood of the first formed contact zones become separatedby prominent intercellular spaces. A heterogenous scatteringmaterial, probably representing secretion products accumulatesin these spaces. By 14-16 DAP the integument exudate disappears,and the suspensor degenerates. As the contact zones increasein size, wall ingrowths form a bridging network in the narrowspace between the embryo sac boundary and the extra-embryonicpart of the endosperm wall. The epidermal cells of the embryoseparate adjacent to these zones, and develop conspicuous wallingrowths. At 20 DAP vacuoles showing various stages in formationof protein bodies appear in the cells of the embryo.Copyright1994, 1999 Academic Press Vicia faba, broad beans, ovule, seed, nutrient transport 相似文献
95.
Aim We combine evidence from palaeoniche modelling studies of several tree species to estimate the extent of Central American forest during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In particular, we ask whether the distributions of these species are likely to have changed since the LGM, and whether LGM distributions coincide with previously proposed Pleistocene refugia in this area. Location Central American wet and seasonally dry forests. Methods We developed ecological niche models using two simulations of Pleistocene climate and occurrence data for 15 Neotropical plant species. We focused on palaeodistribution models of three ‘focal’ tree species that occur in wet and seasonally dry Central American forests, where recent phylogeographic data suggest Pleistocene differentiation coincident with previously proposed refugia. We added predictions from six wet‐forest and six seasonally dry‐forest obligate plant species to gauge whether Pleistocene range shifts were specific to habitat type. Correlation analyses were performed between projected LGM and present distributions, LGM distributions and previously proposed refugia. We also asked whether modelled palaeodistributions were smaller than their current extents. Results According to our models, the ranges of the study species were not reduced during the LGM, and did not correlate with refugial models, regardless of habitat type. Relative range sizes between present and LGM distributions did not indicate significant range changes since the LGM. However, relative range sizes differed overall between the two palaeoclimate models. Main conclusions Many of the modelled palaeodistributions of study species were not restricted to refugia during the LGM, regardless of forest type. While constrained from higher elevations, most species found suitable habitat at coastal margins and on newly exposed land due to lowered sea levels during the LGM. These results offer no corroboration for Pleistocene climate change as a driver of genetic differentiation in the ‘focal’ species. We offer alternative explanations for genetic differentiation found in plant species in this area. 相似文献
96.
97.
98.
Raluca Tutuianu Ana‐Maria Rosca Madalina Georgiana Albu Kaya Vasile Pruna Tiberiu Paul Neagu Ioan Lascar Maya Simionescu Irina Titorencu 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2020,24(17):9692-9704
The development of stem cell technology in combination with advances in biomaterials has opened new ways of producing engineered tissue substitutes. In this study, we investigated whether the therapeutic potential of an acellular porous scaffold made of type I collagen can be improved by the addition of a powerful trophic agent in the form of mesenchymal stromal cells conditioned medium (MSC‐CM) in order to be used as an acellular scaffold for skin wound healing treatment. Our experiments showed that MSC‐CM sustained the adherence of keratinocytes and fibroblasts as well as the proliferation of keratinocytes. Moreover, MSC‐CM had chemoattractant properties for keratinocytes and endothelial cells, attributable to the content of trophic and pro‐angiogenic factors. Also, for the dermal fibroblasts cultured on collagen scaffold in the presence of MSC‐CM versus serum control, the ratio between collagen III and I mRNAs increased by 2‐fold. Furthermore, the gene expression for α‐smooth muscle actin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 and 2 and matrix metalloproteinase‐14 was significantly increased by approximately 2‐fold. In conclusion, factors existing in MSC‐CM improve the colonization of collagen 3D scaffolds, by sustaining the adherence and proliferation of keratinocytes and by inducing a pro‐healing phenotype in fibroblasts. 相似文献
99.
Feyisara Eyiwumi Oni Niels Geudens Joseph T. Onyeka Oluwatoyin Faith Olorunleke Ayodeji Ekundayo Salami Olumide Owolabi Omoboye Anthony Arguelles Arias Amayana Adiobo Stefaan De Neve Marc Ongena José C. Martins Monica Höfte 《Environmental microbiology》2020,22(12):5137-5155
Pseudomonas isolates from tropical environments have been underexplored and may form an untapped reservoir of interesting secondary metabolites. In this study, we compared Pseudomonas and cyclic lipopeptide (CLP) diversity in the rhizosphere of a cocoyam root rot disease (CRRD) suppressive soil in Boteva, Cameroon with those from four conducive soils in Cameroon and Nigeria. Compared with other soils, Boteva andosols were characterized by high silt, organic matter, nitrogen and calcium. Besides, the cocoyam rhizosphere at Boteva was characterized by strains belonging mainly to the P. koreensis and P. putida (sub)groups, with representations in the P. fluorescens, P. chlororaphis, P. jessenii and P. asplenii (sub)groups. In contrast, P. putida isolates were prominent in conducive soils. Regarding CLP diversity, Boteva was characterized by strains producing 11 different CLP types with cocoyamide A producers, belonging to the P. koreensis group, being the most abundant. However, putisolvin III-V producers were the most dominant in the rhizosphere of conducive soils in both Cameroon and Nigeria. Furthermore, we elucidated the chemical structure of putisolvin derivatives—putisolvin III-V, and described its biosynthetic gene cluster. We show that high Pseudomonas and metabolic diversity may be driven by microbial competition, which likely contributes to soil suppressiveness to CRRD. 相似文献
100.
A sensitive, simple, accurate and less expensive fluorimetric method was designed and validated for analysis of heptaminol HCl in both its pure and dosage forms, as well as in human plasma. The main principle used in the proposed approach was the condensation reaction between heptaminol's primary amino moiety and ethyl acetoacetate/formaldehyde reagents, giving a derivative that was highly fluorescent at 416 nm after excitation at 350 nm. Various experimental parameters that affected either the product's development or its stability were evaluated and optimized. The constructed calibration curve was linear over the range 0.2–2 μg/ml, with a good correlation coefficient (0.9996). Both the calculated limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.06 and 0.18 μg/ml, respectively. The presented approach was a success when used to determine Corasore® tablets and was validated according to International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. 相似文献