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Quantifying landscape‐level methane fluxes in subarctic Finland using a multiscale approach 下载免费PDF全文
Iain. P. Hartley Timothy. C. Hill Thomas. J. Wade Robert. J. Clement John. B. Moncrieff Ana. Prieto‐Blanco Mathias. I. Disney Brian. Huntley Mathew. Williams Nicholas. J. K. Howden Philip. A. Wookey Robert. Baxter 《Global Change Biology》2015,21(10):3712-3725
Quantifying landscape‐scale methane (CH4) fluxes from boreal and arctic regions, and determining how they are controlled, is critical for predicting the magnitude of any CH4 emission feedback to climate change. Furthermore, there remains uncertainty regarding the relative importance of small areas of strong methanogenic activity, vs. larger areas with net CH4 uptake, in controlling landscape‐level fluxes. We measured CH4 fluxes from multiple microtopographical subunits (sedge‐dominated lawns, interhummocks and hummocks) within an aapa mire in subarctic Finland, as well as in drier ecosystems present in the wider landscape, lichen heath and mountain birch forest. An intercomparison was carried out between fluxes measured using static chambers, up‐scaled using a high‐resolution landcover map derived from aerial photography and eddy covariance. Strong agreement was observed between the two methodologies, with emission rates greatest in lawns. CH4 fluxes from lawns were strongly related to seasonal fluctuations in temperature, but their floating nature meant that water‐table depth was not a key factor in controlling CH4 release. In contrast, chamber measurements identified net CH4 uptake in birch forest soils. An intercomparison between the aerial photography and satellite remote sensing demonstrated that quantifying the distribution of the key CH4 emitting and consuming plant communities was possible from satellite, allowing fluxes to be scaled up to a 100 km2 area. For the full growing season (May to October), ~ 1.1–1.4 g CH4 m?2 was released across the 100 km2 area. This was based on up‐scaled lawn emissions of 1.2–1.5 g CH4 m?2, vs. an up‐scaled uptake of 0.07–0.15 g CH4 m?2 by the wider landscape. Given the strong temperature sensitivity of the dominant lawn fluxes, and the fact that lawns are unlikely to dry out, climate warming may substantially increase CH4 emissions in northern Finland, and in aapa mire regions in general. 相似文献
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A total of 233 cervical smears were stained by immunocytochemical methods for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA); the findings were compared with those from Papanicolaou-stained smears from the same women. Squamous epithelial cells from normal cervices did not stain, but cells shed from cervices with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) did express the EMA marker. Metaplastic cells from normal and abnormal cervices also frequently stained. The results confirm that this marker detects cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in vitro, but its potential use in an automated screening program may be limited by the staining of the metaplastic cells. 相似文献
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