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61.
Proteolytic enzymes have been used both to modify properties of the cell membrane and to dissociate cells from many tissues including pituitary (4, 5, 12). Exposure of secretory tissues to pronase can alter their secretory response. Thus incubation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans in the presence of low concentrations of pronase increased the subsequent release of insulin in the presence of stimulatory and nonstimulatory glucose concentrations (7). The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether low concentrations of pronase have the same stimulatory effect on the release of a pituitary hormone, growth hormone. Such an effect on hormone release could be of some importance in view of the development of dissociated cell systems as models for the study of the control of hormone release (4, 5). 相似文献
62.
Viktoria Gloy Wolfgang Langhans Jacquelien JG Hillebrand Nori Geary Lori Asarian 《Biology of sex differences》2011,2(1):1-13
Background
Men are at an increased risk of dying from heart failure caused by inflammatory heart diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We previously showed that macrophages in the spleen are phenotypically distinct in male compared to female mice at 12 h after infection. This innate immune profile mirrors and predicts the cardiac immune response during acute myocarditis.Methods
In order to study sex differences in the innate immune response, five male and female BALB/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) or phosphate buffered saline and their spleens were harvested 12 h later for microarray analysis. Gene expression was determined using an Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array. Significant gene changes were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or ELISA.Results
During the innate immune response to CVB3 infection, infected males had higher splenic expression of genes which are important in regulating the influx of cholesterol into macrophages, such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and the macrophage scavenger receptor compared to the infected females. We also observed a higher expression in infected males compared to infected females of squalene synthase, an enzyme used to generate cholesterol within cells, and Cyp2e1, an enzyme important in metabolizing cholesterol and steroids. Infected males also had decreased levels of the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), which binds PLA2 and is the rate-limiting step for steroidogenesis, as well as decreased expression of the androgen receptor (AR), which indicates receptor activation. Gene differences were not due to increased viral replication, which was unaltered between sexes.Conclusions
We found that, compared to females, male mice had a greater splenic expression of genes which are important for cholesterol metabolism and activation of the AR at 12 h after infection. Activation of the AR has been linked to increased cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, myocarditis/DCM and heart failure in male mice and humans. 相似文献63.
S E Severin E K Tovmasyan V I Shvets J G Molotkovsky L D Bergelson 《FEBS letters》1988,232(2):286-288
Diol lipids (dioleoyl- and dioctanoylethylene glycol) at relatively low concentrations (approximately 10 microM) were found to activate significantly protein kinase C in the presence of phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylinositol. Since diol lipids are widespread minor lipid constituents of many cells [(1974) Chem. Ind., 597-604], it has been suggested that they may be involved in the maintaining of basal protein kinase C activity in the absence of external stimuli. 相似文献
64.
E. V. Tsibizova E. L. Vodovozova I. I. Mikhalyov Yul. G. Molotkovsky 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2002,28(2):152-158
New photoaffine probes, photoreactive derivatives of ganglioside GM1 bearing a carbene-generating diazocyclopentadien-2-ylcarbonyl group at various distances from the carbohydrate moiety in their molecules were synthesized. 相似文献
65.
Vodovozova E. L. Evdokimov D. V. Molotkovsky Jul. G. 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2004,30(6):599-601
A lipophilic methotrexate prodrug capable of incorporation into membranes of carrier liposomes was synthesized. The conjugate consists of a lipophilic rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol anchor connected to methotrexate through a Ala–N-carbonylmethylene linker, which should be located in the polar region of the lipid bilayer. The ester bond between the hydrophilic linker and the antitumor agent can be hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases. The liposomal formulation of the prodrug exhibited a cytotoxic activity in vitro. 相似文献
66.
A. V. Omel’kov Yu. B. Pavlova I. A. Boldyrev Jul. G. Molotkovsky 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2007,33(5):505-510
A series of lipid probes, phosphatidylcholines labeled with Me4-BODIPY-8 (4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacen-8-yl) fluorophore attached to the end of acyl residue at different distances from the polar head, were used as depth-dependent probes for the apolar zone of the model membrane systems, large unilamellar vesicles (LUV). Data on the anisotropy of probe fluorescence demonstrated a different mobility profiles for the fluorophore microenvironment in LUVs of different composition at various temperatures, which indicates a high sensitivity of these probes as tools for studying membrane systems. An interesting anomaly was observed for LUVs from dimiristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or from a DMPC-cholesterol mixture: the anisotropy of the fluorophore located near the bilayer center is larger than that of the fluorophore located further from the center; i.e., the mobility of the microenvironment is lower in the first case. This anomaly is supposed to result from the penetration of unlabeled long chain of the probes to the opposite bilayer leaflet. Such a possibility should be taken into account when constructing the fluorescent probes and interpreting the results. 相似文献
67.
Yuansha Chen Peter Bystricky Jacob Adeyeye Pinaki Panigrahi Afsar Ali Judith A Johnson CA Bush JG MorrisJr OC Stine 《BMC microbiology》2007,7(1):20
Background
In V. cholerae, the biogenesis of capsule polysaccharide is poorly understood. The elucidation of capsule structure and biogenesis is critical to understanding the evolution of surface polysaccharide and the internal relationship between the capsule and LPS in this species. V. cholerae serogroup O31 NRT36S, a human pathogen that produces a heat-stable enterotoxin (NAG-ST), is encapsulated. Here, we report the covalent structure and studies of the biogenesis of the capsule in V. cholerae NRT36S. 相似文献68.
E. V. Parfinovich L. V. Mochalova Yul. G. Molotkovsky N. V. Bovin E. L. Vodovozova 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2008,34(5):642-646
It has recently been shown that the influenza virus can specifically bind the residue of a nonsialylated sulfated oligosaccharide Gal(6SO3H)β1-4GlcNAcβ (6’SLacNAc). To identify by photoaffinity labeling the virion component that binds 6’SLacNAc, we synthesized a carbohydrate probe containing a 125I labeled diazocyclopentadien-2-yl carbonyl group as an aglycone. According to the electrophoretic data, the labeled areas corresponded to a large hemagglutinin subunit, a nucleocapsid protein, and neuraminidase (NA). Probing in the presence of an excess of 6’SLacNAcβ-OCH2CH2NHAc glycoside resulted in redistribution of the labeling intensity, with the maximum inhibition being observed for NA. The data obtained indicate that NA is a viral 6’SLacNAc-binding protein. 相似文献
69.
Andrew JG Simpson 《Genome biology》2000,1(1):reports411.1-reports4112
A meeting report of the sessions on human, eukaryotic and bacterial genome sequencing at the American Society for Microbiology and Institut Pasteur joint conference: Genomes 2000 International Conference on Microbial and Model Genomes, Paris, April 11-15, 2000 相似文献
70.
V.P. Shevchenko M.L. Tsirenina Jul.G. Molotkovsky L.D. Bergelson 《Chemistry and physics of lipids》1975,15(2):95-104
A chemical synthesis of DL-1-O-(1′-palmitoyl-2′-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3′-phosphoryl)-myo-inositol-4-phosphate (diphosphoinositide) is described. Selective phosphorylation of DL-2,3; 5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene-myo-inositol with diphenylphosphochloridate led to the corresponding 1-diphenylphosphate which was transformed into silver DL-4-O-acetyl-2,3; 5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene-myo-inositol-1-(benzyl)phosphate. Condensation of the latter with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-iodohydrin gave a phosphotriester which after successive deacetylation, phosphorus oxychloride treatment and removal of the protective groups yielded diphosphoinositide. The intermediate DL-1-O-[1′-palmitoyl-2′-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3′-(benzyl)phosphoryl]-2,3; 5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene-myo-inositol was used also for a new synthesis of phosphatidylinositol. 相似文献