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21.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for subclinical endometritis (SE) and its effects on fertility in repeat breeder dairy cows. Dairy cows of parity 1 to 5 that were artificially inseminated (AI) 3 or more times (selected cows were artificially inseminated an average of 3.9 times) were examined at 190 ± 40 days in milk, and clinically normal cows (n = 77) were selected based on the absence of abnormal discharges on external inspection and the absence of abnormal findings on transrectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination. Endometrial samples were collected from the uterus by using the lavage technique in the luteal phase of the estrus cycle. Collected samples were centrifuged and a drop of sediment was streaked on to a clean microscopic slide and stained with Giemsa. The percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (neutrophils) was counted for each specimen. The analysed data showed that the average amount of neutrophils was 3.1% (0-9) in the selected cows. Abnormal calving (dystocia, twin births, and abortion), retained placenta, and postpartum uterine infections were associated with an increase in prevalence of SE. Subsequently, SE was significantly associated with a decrease in conception rate in the next AI. Conception rate in the next AI was 5% for cows (n = 38) with SE (≥ 3% neutrophil), and 47% for cows (n = 34) without SE (< 3% neutrophil) (P = 0.001). The prevalence of cytologically diagnosed SE (≥ 3% neutrophil) was 52.7% (n = 38). In conclusion, abnormal calving, retained placenta, and postpartum uterine infections may be associated with an increase in prevalence of SE and subsequently, SE may decrease reproductive performance and increase the incidence of repeat breeder syndrome. 相似文献
22.
Karl Gledhill Lesley E. Rhodes Margaret Brownrigg Ann K. Haylett Mojgan Masoodi Anthony J. Thody Anna Nicolaou Desmond J. Tobin 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》2010,23(3):394-403
Excessive ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure induces erythema, mediated in part by prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2). While keratinocytes are a major PGE2 source, epidermal melanocytes (EM) also express PGE2-production machinery. It is unclear whether EM-produced PGE2 contributes to UVR-induced skin inflammation, and whether this is correlated with melanogenesis. Epidermal melanocytes were cultured from skin phototype-1 and -4 donors, followed by assessment of PGE2 production and melanogenesis. Epidermal melanocytes expressed cytoplasmic phospholipase-A2, cyclooxygenase-1, cytoplasmic prostaglandin-E synthase and microsomal prostaglandin-E synthase-1, -2. Epidermal melanocytes produced PGE2 under basal conditions, which increased further after arachidonic acid stimulation. Epidermal melanocytes expressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and a selective COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398) reduced PGE2 production. Ultraviolet B-induced PGE2 production was positively correlated with skin phototype-1, despite variability between individual EM donors. By contrast, there was no correlation between PGE2 production by EM and their melanogenic status. Thus, EM may contribute to UVR-induced erythema, with role of donor skin phototype more important than their melanogenic status. 相似文献
23.
Yoo JY Kim HC Zhu W Kim SM Sabet M Handfield M Hillman J Progulske-Fox A Lee SW 《FEMS microbiology letters》2007,275(2):344-352
Molecular pathogenesis of Tannerella forsythia, a putative periodontal pathogen, has not yet been adequately elucidated due to limited information on its virulence factors. Here, identification of in vivo expressed antigens of T. forsythia is reported using in vivo-induced antigen technology (IVIAT). Among 13 000 recombinant clones screened, 16 positive clones were identified that reacted reproducibly with sera obtained from patients with periodontal disease. DNA sequences from 12 of these in vivo-induced genes were determined. IVIAT-identified protein antigens of T. forsythia include: BspA, a well-defined virulence factor of T. forsythia; enzymes involved in housekeeping functions (tRNA synthetases, glycine hydroxymethyltransferase, and glucoside glucohydrolase); enzymes implicated in tissue destruction (dipeptidyl peptidase IV); a DNA mismatch repair protein; and putative outer membrane proteins of unknown function. The in vivo gene expression of these IVIAT-identified antigens was confirmed by a quantitative real-time PCR analysis. This is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first report using IVIAT in T. forsythia. It is anticipated that detailed analysis of the in vivo-induced genes identified by IVIAT in this study will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating periodontal infection by T. forsythia. 相似文献
24.
Ott SJ El Mokhtari NE Rehman A Rosenstiel P Hellmig S Kühbacher T Lins M Simon R Schreiber S 《Environmental microbiology》2007,9(12):3035-3045
Bacterial DNA has been found in coronary plaques and it has therefore been concluded that bacteria may play a role as trigger factors in the chronic inflammatory process underlying coronary atherosclerosis. However, the microbial spectrum is complex and it is not known whether microorganisms other than bacteria are involved in coronary disease. Fungal 18S rDNA signatures were systematically investigated in atherosclerotic tissue obtained through catheter-based atherectomy of 38 patients and controls (unaffected coronary arteries) using clone libraries, denaturating gradient gel analysis (DGGE), in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Fungal DNA was found in 35 of 38 (92.11%) coronary heart disease patients by either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal primers or in situ hybridization analysis (n = 5), but not in any control sample. In a clone library with more than 350 sequenced clones from pooled patient DNA, an overall richness of 19 different fungal phylotypes could be observed. Fungal profiles of coronary heart disease patients obtained by DGGE analysis showed a median richness of fungal species of 5 (range from 2 to 9) with a high interindividual variability (mean similarity 18.83%). For the first time, the presence of fungal components in atherosclerotic plaques has been demonstrated. Coronary atheromatous plaques harbour diverse and variable fungal communities suggesting a polymicrobial contribution to the chronic inflammatory aetiology. 相似文献
25.
Khosroshahi Ahmad Jamei Mokhtari Behnaz Badalzadeh Reza 《Molecular biology reports》2022,49(9):8209-8218
Molecular Biology Reports - Clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is restricted due to its cardiotoxicity, reinforcing the significance of exploring new strategies to counteract DOX-induced... 相似文献
26.
27.
Neutrophil activation by Candida glabrata but not Candida albicans promotes fungal uptake by monocytes
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Seána Duggan Fabian Essig Kerstin Hünniger Zeinab Mokhtari Laura Bauer Teresa Lehnert Susanne Brandes Antje Häder Ilse D. Jacobsen Ronny Martin Marc Thilo Figge Oliver Kurzai 《Cellular microbiology》2015,17(9):1259-1276
Candida albicans and Candida glabrata account for the majority of candidiasis cases worldwide. Although both species are in the same genus, they differ in key virulence attributes. Within this work, live cell imaging was used to examine the dynamics of neutrophil activation after confrontation with either C. albicans or C. glabrata. Analyses revealed higher phagocytosis rates of C. albicans than C. glabrata that resulted in stronger PMN (polymorphonuclear cells) activation by C. albicans. Furthermore, we observed differences in the secretion of chemokines, indicating chemotactic differences in PMN signalling towards recruitment of further immune cells upon confrontation with Candida spp. Supernatants from co‐incubations of neutrophils with C. glabrata primarily attracted monocytes and increased the phagocytosis of C. glabrata by monocytes. In contrast, PMN activation by C. albicans resulted in recruitment of more neutrophils. Two complex infection models confirmed distinct targeting of immune cell populations by the two Candida spp.: In a human whole blood infection model, C. glabrata was more effectively taken up by monocytes than C. albicans and histopathological analyses of murine model infections confirmed primarily monocytic infiltrates in C. glabrata kidney infection in contrast to PMN‐dominated infiltrates in C. albicans infection. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the human opportunistic fungi C. albicans and C. glabrata are differentially recognized by neutrophils and one outcome of this differential recognition is the preferential uptake of C. glabrata by monocytes. 相似文献
28.
Kouyos RD von Wyl V Hinkley T Petropoulos CJ Haddad M Whitcomb JM Böni J Yerly S Cellerai C Klimkait T Günthard HF Bonhoeffer S;Swiss HIV Cohort Study 《PLoS pathogens》2011,7(11):e1002321
HIV-1 replicative capacity (RC) provides a measure of within-host fitness and is determined in the context of phenotypic drug resistance testing. However it is unclear how these in-vitro measurements relate to in-vivo processes. Here we assess RCs in a clinical setting by combining a previously published machine-learning tool, which predicts RC values from partial pol sequences with genotypic and clinical data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. The machine-learning tool is based on a training set consisting of 65000 RC measurements paired with their corresponding partial pol sequences. We find that predicted RC values (pRCs) correlate significantly with the virus load measured in 2073 infected but drug na?ve individuals. Furthermore, we find that, for 53 pairs of sequences, each pair sampled in the same infected individual, the pRC was significantly higher for the sequence sampled later in the infection and that the increase in pRC was also significantly correlated with the increase in plasma viral load and with the length of the time-interval between the sampling points. These findings indicate that selection within a patient favors the evolution of higher replicative capacities and that these in-vitro fitness measures are indicative of in-vivo HIV virus load. 相似文献
29.
Romagnoli R Baraldi PG Jung MK Iaconinoto MA Carrion MD Remusat V Preti D Tabrizi MA Francesca F De Clercq E Balzarini J Hamel E 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2005,15(18):4048-4052
A new series of compounds, in which the 2-amino-4-methoxyphenyl ring of phenstatin analogue 5 was replaced with 2- or 3-amino-benzoheterocycles, was synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity and inhibition of colchicine binding. The lack of activity of 3',4'-dimethoxy- and 4'-methoxy-benzoyl derivatives (8 and 9, respectively) indicates that the 3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl moiety is critical for the activity. Two compounds, 7 and 11, displayed potent antiproliferative activity, with IC50 values ranging from 25 to 100 nM against a variety of cancer cell lines. Derivative 11 was more active than CA-4 as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. The results demonstrated that the antiproliferative activity was correlated with inhibition of tubulin polymerization. 相似文献
30.
MEIS C termini harbor transcriptional activation domains that respond to cell signaling 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Huang H Rastegar M Bodner C Goh SL Rambaldi I Featherstone M 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2005,280(11):10119-10127