Study of Various Pyridazine and Phthalazine Drugs with Diverse Therapeutical and Agrochemical Activities

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - Pyridazines hold considerable interest relative to pharmacologically active molecules. The pyridazine compounds are exhibited different types of...     

Chiral Imidazolidin-4-one with catalytic amount of Dicationic ionic liquid act as a recoverable and reusable Organocatalyst for asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction

Imidazolidin-4-one is used as a recoverable organocatalyst for the asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction in the presence of catalytic amount of dicationic ionic liquid and trifluoroacetic acid as a co-catalyst. The Diels-Alder reaction between model substrate cyclopentadiene and crotonaldehyde gave the product in 95% conversion and 87% ee of the endo-product. The catalyst was shown better reusability when the 20 mol% of dicationic ionic liquid was used and catalyst was reused upto 5 cycles, conversion remains upto 3 recycles but ee of endo- 9 was slightly droped.     

Morphological parallelism of sympatric cave-dwelling microsnails of the genus Georissa at Mount Silabur,Borneo (Gastropoda,Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae)

Parallel evolution in phenotype may result when closely related taxa are adapting in the face of similar ecological pressures. Here, we discuss possible parallelism in shell morphology in the context of the microgeographic phylogeography of two conchologically distinct sympatric hydrocenid snails inhabiting a limestone outcrop and its cave system, Georissa pyrrhoderma and Georissa silaburensis, respectively, at Mount Silabur in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Our results show a certain degree of morphological parallelism of a third, possibly new, cryptic Georissa species within the same cave that strongly diverged from its above-ground sister species, G. pyrrhoderma. We found that both sympatric cave species have shifted from a more sculptured, conical shell toward a broader, less sculptured form.     

Effect of drought on yield of ten wheat cultivars linked with their flag leaf water status,fatty acid profile and shoot vigor at heading

Flag leaf and shoot growth at heading stage as well as ultimate yield capacity of ten wheat cultivars were assessed in a pot experiment under normal and drought conditions. Drought was imposed by withholding 25% of field capacity from the 45- day old plants for 21 days followed by normal irrigation until maturity. Leaf succulence degree and stomatal opening area as well as shoot biomass, density and distribution decreased in all cultivars in response to drought but to different degrees. On contrary, leaf sclerophylly degree and water saturation deficit increased in all cultivars as a result of drought. At the same time, drought caused marked alterations in leaf transpiration rate, hair features, abscisic acid content, osmotic adjustment and fatty acid profile of the concerned cultivars; with ultimate variable capacity for yield. The drought- induced changes in the estimated traits were graphically represented in a single map then they were correlated with each other. The considered cultivars could be eventually clustered based on their drought response; with Sids cultivars being the most drought tolerant whereas Shandaweel 1 and Giza 168 being the most sensitive.     

An elusive endosymbiont: Does Wolbachia occur naturally in Aedes aegypti?

Wolbachia are maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria found within many insect species. Aedes mosquitoes experimentally infected with Wolbachia are being released into the field for Aedes‐borne disease control. These Wolbachia infections induce cytoplasmic incompatibility which is used to suppress populations through incompatible matings or replace populations through the reproductive advantage provided by this mechanism. However, the presence of naturally occurring Wolbachia in target populations could interfere with both population replacement and suppression programs depending on the compatibility patterns between strains. Aedes aegypti were thought to not harbor Wolbachia naturally but several recent studies have detected Wolbachia in natural populations of this mosquito. We therefore review the evidence for natural Wolbachia infections in A. aegypti to date and discuss limitations of these studies. We draw on research from other mosquito species to outline the potential implications of natural Wolbachia infections in A. aegypti for disease control. To validate previous reports, we obtained a laboratory population of A. aegypti from New Mexico, USA, that harbors a natural Wolbachia infection, and we conducted field surveys in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where a natural Wolbachia infection has also been reported. However, we were unable to detect Wolbachia in both the laboratory and field populations. Because the presence of naturally occurring Wolbachia in A. aegypti could have profound implications for Wolbachia‐based disease control programs, it is important to continue to accurately assess the Wolbachia status of target Aedes populations.     

The Short‐Term Effect of Occupational Levels of 50 Hz Electromagnetic Field on Human Heart Rate Variability

Previous studies have indicated that there is no consensus on the effects of extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic (ELF‐EMF) exposure on the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to explore the short‐term effect of ELF‐EMF exposure on heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV). The sample consisted of 34 healthy males aged 18–27 years. The participants were randomly assigned to the EMF (n = 17) or the Sham group (n = 17). We employed a double‐blind repeated‐measures design consisting of three 5 min experimental periods. The chest region of each individual in the EMF group was exposed to 50 Hz, 28 μT, linear polarized, continuous EMF during the EMF exposure period. HR and HRV data were recorded continuously by using a photoplethysmography sensor. Within‐subject statistical analysis indicated a significant HR deceleration in both the EMF and Sham groups. However, the standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), low‐frequency (LF), and high‐frequency (HF) powers increased only in the EMF group and remained stable in the Sham group. We also compared the same HRV indices measured during the EMF and Sham periods between the two experimental groups. The between‐subject analysis results demonstrated significantly higher SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF values in the EMF group than in the Sham group. The LF/HF ratio did not change significantly within and between groups. On the basis of these results, we concluded that short‐term exposure of the chest region to ELF‐EMF could potentially enhance parasympathetic predominance during the resting condition. Bioelectromagnetics. 2021;42:60–75. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.     

Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Trichoglossus haematodus and cross-species amplification in Trichoglossus moluccanus

Molecular Biology Reports - Trichoglossus haematodus is the most popular parrots globally and one of the most bred species in Korea's zoos. However, despite its popularity, there are limited...     

Silencing of ZFP36L2 increases sensitivity to temozolomide through G2/M cell cycle arrest and BAX mediated apoptosis in GBM cells

Molecular Biology Reports - Despite the advancements in primary brain tumour diagnoses and treatments, the mortality rate remains high, particularly in glioblastoma (GBM). Chemoresistance,...