松墨天牛对不同生理状态黑松挥发物的触角电生理和行为反应

用水蒸气蒸馏法结合气相色谱以及气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析了黑松的健康木和松材线虫危害木中的挥发性物质,并利用触角电位和嗅觉仪测定技术比较分析了松墨天牛对黑松健康木和被害木挥发物的触角电生理和行为反应特点及其对健康木挥发物的日龄变化规律.结果表明,未交配天牛对健康木挥发物的EAG反应值大于被害木,已交配天牛对被害木EAG反应值显著大于健康木;15日龄前的EAG反应值随日龄的增加而升高.在“Y”型嗅觉仪中,未交配天牛对健康木挥发物表现为正趋性,对被害木挥发物表现为负趋性;而已交配天牛对被害木挥发物表现为正趋性,对健康木挥发物表现为负趋性;雌天牛随着日龄的增加对健康木挥发物的正趋性逐渐增强,在15日龄时达到最大,雄天牛在9日龄时正趋性最强.说明不同发育时期的松墨天牛成虫对不同生理状态的黑松具有不同的敏感性和选择性.     

硬头鳟受精卵、发眼卵、卵黄囊仔鱼和开口仔鱼氨基酸及脂肪酸的变化

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Apoptosis,cytokine and chemokine induction by non-structural 1 (NS1) proteins encoded by different influenza subtypes

Background

Influenza pandemic remains a serious threat to human health. Viruses of avian origin, H5N1, H7N7 and H9N2, have repeatedly crossed the species barrier to infect humans. Recently, a novel strain originated from swine has evolved to a pandemic. This study aims at improving our understanding on the pathogenic mechanism of influenza viruses, in particular the role of non-structural (NS1) protein in inducing pro-inflammatory and apoptotic responses.

Methods

Human lung epithelial cells (NCI-H292) was used as an in-vitro model to study cytokine/chemokine production and apoptosis induced by transfection of NS1 mRNA encoded by seven infleunza subtypes (seasonal and pandemic H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, and H9), respectively.

Results

The results showed that CXCL-10/IP10 was most prominently induced (> 1000 folds) and IL-6 was slightly induced (< 10 folds) by all subtypes. A subtype-dependent pattern was observed for CCL-2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL-5/RANTES and CXCL-9/MIG; where induction by H5N1 was much higher than all other subtypes examined. All subtypes induced a similar temporal profile of apoptosis following transfection. The level of apoptosis induced by H5N1 was remarkably higher than all others. The cytokine/chemokine and apoptosis inducing ability of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 was similar to previous seasonal strains.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the NS1 protein encoded by H5N1 carries a remarkably different property as compared to other avian and human subtypes, and is one of the keys to its high pathogenicity. NCI-H292 cells system proves to be a good in-vitro model to delineate the property of NS1 proteins.

     

凉水与帽儿山自然保护区植物区系的比较研究

通过凉水红松阔叶次生林与帽儿山红松阔叶次生林的区系成分对比分析,阐明了凉水自然保护区与帽儿山自然保护区的区系成分的差异及其影响差异的因素。结果表明,纬度差异是两个自然保护区区系成分差异的重要因素,凉水自然保护区纬度偏高,温带成分占有很大比例,而帽儿山自然保护区纬度偏低,增加了许多华北植物区系成分及热带、亚热带植物区系成分。凉水自然保护区共有种子植物80科243属441种,帽儿山自然保护区共有种子植物87科328属750种。在特有成分上,两个保护区也有差异,帽儿山自然保护区含有更多的中国特有种。     

不结球白菜Ty1-copia类逆转座子序列的克隆及表达

参照Ty1-copia类逆转座子逆转录酶的保守区设计简并引物,分别从10个不结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis)品种的全基因组中均扩增出260 bp左右的目标条带. 将目的条带回收、克隆和测序后进行分析,DNAstar分析发现,这些序列存在高度的异质性,28个核苷酸序列变化范围为224～278 bp,同源性范围为16.7%～83.0%.28条序列通过核苷酸聚类分为8个家族.推导氨基酸序列有移框突变、终止子突变或二者兼有;与已登录的不同物种同一类型逆转录酶氨基酸系统进化树分析表明,不结球白菜Ty1-copia类逆转座子与芥菜型油菜、拟南芥、芜菁、甜菜可能有共同的起源.半定量和实时定量PCR检测表明,水杨酸(salicylic acid)和Peronospora parasitica均能激活不结球白菜Ty1-copia类逆转座子,逆转座子在不结球白菜叶片中的表达特征说明它可能参与寄主对病原菌的抗性.     

The Enhancement of Soil Fertility,Dry Matter Transport and Accumulation,Nitrogen Uptake and Yield in Rice via Green Manuring

Readily available chemical fertilizers have resulted in a decline in the use of organic manure (e.g., green manures), a traditionally sustainable source of nutrients. Based on this, we applied urea at the rate of 270 kg ha⁻¹ with and without green manure in order to assess nitrogen (N) productivity in a double rice cropping system in 2017. In particular, treatment combinations were as follows: winter fallow rice-rice (WF-R-R), milk vetch rice-rice (MV-R-R), oil-seed rape rice-rice (R-R-R) and potato crop rice-rice (P-R-R). Results revealed that green manure significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the soil chemical properties and net soil organic carbon content increased by an average 117.47%, total nitrogen (N) by 28.41%, available N by 26.64%, total phosphorus (P) by 37.77%, available P by 20.48% and available potassium (K) by 33.10% than WF-R-R, however pH was reduced by 3.30% across the seasons. Similarly, net dry matter accumulation rate enhanced in green manure applied treatments and ranked in order: P-R-R > R-R-R > MV-R-R > WF-R-R. Furthermore, the total leaf dry matter transport (t ha⁻¹ ) for the P-R-R in both seasons was significantly higher by an average 11.2%, 7.2% and 36 % than MV-R-R, R-R-R, and WF-R-R, respectively. In addition, net total nitrogen accumulation (kg ha⁻¹ ) was found higher in green manure applied plots compared to the control. Yield and yield attributed traits were observed maximum in green manure applied plots, with treatments ranking as follows: P-R-R > R-R-R > MV-R-R > WF-R-R. Thus, results obtained highlight ability of green manure to sustainably improve soil quality and rice yield.     

出芽短梗霉膨大细胞分选及产糖分析

本研究运用Percoll密度梯度离心的方法对出芽短梗霉Aureobasidium pullulans的两种细胞形态进行分选,并对两种形态的细胞进行多糖产量的分析。通过对转速、分选时间、Percoll分离液浓度的优化,确定了两种细胞形态分选效果最佳的条件是Percoll分离液浓度为60%、转速为5 000r/min、离心时间为30min。经过光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察发现上层为酵母状细胞（YL）、下层为膨大细胞（SC）,并发现膨大细胞外有明显的薄膜包被,且产大量多糖。也为今后在相应状态下研究出芽短梗霉膨大细胞的其他代谢机理提供了可行的方法,满足后续研究的需要。     

Peanut gene expression profiling in developing seeds at different reproduction stages during <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus parasiticus</Emphasis>infection

Background  

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop economically and nutritionally, and is one of the most susceptible host crops to colonization of Aspergillus parasiticus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. Knowledge from molecular genetic studies could help to devise strategies in alleviating this problem; however, few peanut DNA sequences are available in the public database. In order to understand the molecular basis of host resistance to aflatoxin contamination, a large-scale project was conducted to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from developing seeds to identify resistance-related genes involved in defense response against Aspergillus infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination.     

鱼类分批繁殖力和繁殖频率的研究进展

繁殖潜力是决定鱼类的繁殖补充及制定种群评估生物学假设的关键机制,由此分批繁殖力和繁殖频率对评估分批繁殖鱼类的繁殖潜力就十分必要.分批繁殖力和繁殖频率的研究均开始于20世纪80年代,在过去的30年中,评估分批繁殖力最为广泛使用的方法是水化卵法,而繁殖频率使用最多的方法是产后滤泡法.这两种方法虽然都存在一定的不足,但无可否认是现在最为实用和成熟的方法.     

Sequence context affects the rate of short insertions and deletions in flies and primates

Background  

Insertions and deletions (indels) are an important evolutionary force, making the evolutionary process more efficient and flexible by copying and removing genomic fragments of various lengths instead of rediscovering them by point mutations. As a mutational process, indels are known to be more active in specific sequences (like micro-satellites) but not much is known about the more general and mechanistic effect of sequence context on the insertion and deletion susceptibility of genomic loci.