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131.
Joseph F. Feulefack Martin K. Luckert Sandeep Mohapatra Sean B. Cash Arif Alibhai Walter Kipp 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Though health benefits to households in developing countries from antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs are widely reported in the literature, specific estimates regarding impacts of treatments on household incomes are rare. This type of information is important to governments and donors, as it is an indication of returns to their ART investments, and to better understand the role of HIV/AIDS in development. The objective of this study is to estimate the impact of a community-based ART program on household incomes in a previously underserved rural region of Uganda. A community-based ART program, based largely on labor contributions from community volunteers, was implemented and evaluated. All households with HIV/AIDS patients enrolled in the treatment programme (n = 134 households) were surveyed five times; once at the beginning of the treatment and every three months thereafter for a period of one year. Data were collected on household income from cash earnings and value of own production. The analysis, using ordinary least squares and quantile regressions, identifies the impact of the ART program on household incomes over the first year of the treatment, while controlling for heterogeneity in household characteristics and temporal changes. As a result of the treatment, health conditions of virtually all patients improved, and household incomes increased by approximately 30% to 40%, regardless of household income quantile. These increases in income, however, varied significantly depending on socio-demographic and socio-economic control variables. Overall, results show large and significant impacts of the ART program on household incomes, suggesting large returns to public investments in ART, and that treating HIV/AIDS is an important precondition for development. Moreover, development programs that invest in human capital and build wealth are important complements that can increase the returns to ART programs. 相似文献
132.
133.
Gouda Gayatri Gupta Manoj Kumar Donde Ravindra Mohapatra Trilochan Vadde Ramakrishna Behera Lambodar 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2020,26(5):885-898
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants - Continuous rise in the human population has resulted in an upsurge in food demand, which in turn demand grain yield enhancement of cereal crops,... 相似文献
134.
Mandal A Kar S Das Mohapatra PK Maity C Pati BR Mondal KC 《Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia》2011,47(3):277-282
An extracellular xylanase from the fermented broth of Bacillus cereus BSA1 was purified and characterized. The enzyme was purified to 3.43 fold through ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and followed by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 column. The molecular mass of the purified xylanse was about 33 kDa. The enzyme was an endoxylanase as it initially degraded xylan to xylooligomers. The purified enzyme showed optimum activity at 55 degrees C and at pH 7.0 and remained reasonably stable in a wide range ofpH (5.0-8.0) and temperature (40-65 degrees C). The Km and Vmax values were found to be 8.2 mg/ml and 181.8 micromol/(min mg), respectively. The enzyme had no apparent requirement ofcofactors, and its activity was strongly inhibited by Cu++, Hg++. It was also a salt tolerant enzyme and stable upto 2.5 M of NaCl and retained its 85% activity at 3.0 M. For stability and substrate binding, the enzyme needed hydrophobic interaction that revealed when most surfactants inhihited xylanase activity. Since the enzyme was active over wide range ofpH, temperature and remained active in higher salt concentration, it could find potential uses in biobleaching process in paper industries. 相似文献
135.
Rath S Patra JK Mohapatra N Mohanty G Dutta S Thatoi H 《Indian journal of microbiology》2011,51(3):363-368
In vitro antibacterial activities of acetone, ethanol, methanol and water extracts of leaves and bark of Croton roxburghii L. studied against ten human pathogenic bacterial strains showed significantly higher activity in acetone extract and least
activity in case of aqueous. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of all extracts ranged between 0.62 and 10 mg/ml,
while minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranged from 1.25 to values greater than 10 mg/ml. The antioxidant assays
viz. DPPH, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, iron reducing and iron chelating assays along with total phenol and ascorbic acid
content were carried out with aqueous extracts of leaves and bark. While the total phenol contents in leaves and bark extracts
were 0.766 ± 0.014 and 0.735 ± 0.028% respectively their ascorbic acid contents were found to be 0.252 ± 0.019 and 0.431 ± 0.013%
respectively. DPPH activities in both (leaves and bark) extracts increased with the increase in concentrations. Iron chelating
capacity of leaves extract is significantly higher than that of the bark. Leaves extract showed an increase in percentage
of scavenging property with the increase in concentrations. Plant extracts showed low amount of iron reducing property at
all concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging properties of bark was low than that of the leaves. 相似文献
136.
G. K. Chikkappa N. K. Tyagi K. Venkatesh M. Ashish K. V. Prabhu T. Mohapatra A. K. Singh 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2011,20(1):29-38
Rice the major staple food crop which feeds more than half of the world’s population but, lacks pathway to synthesize and accumulate provitamin A in endosperm therefore rice eaters particularly children, and pregnant women suffer due to vitamin A deficiency. The pathway for provitamin A synthesis in rice endosperm has been engineered and transgenic rice lines have yellow endosperm, called ‘Golden Rice’. The present study aimed at studying the inheritance of transgene(s) in six transgenic events of ‘Golden Rice’ and transfer of provitamin A trait from transgenic lines to a widely grown mega rice variety Swarna. The events E1, R1 and W1 showed normal Mendelian inheritance in F2, BC1F1 and BC1F2 generations. The event W1 was studied in BC1F3 as well and showed normal Mendelian inheritance of 3:1. The inheritance pattern in L1 event in BC1F1 and BC1F2 showed normal Mendelian inheritance following expected ratio 1:1 and 3:1 respectively. The two events G1 and T1 showed distorted segregation in BC1F2 and BC2F2 respectively in Swarna genetic background. In G1 event, transgene inheritance showed segregation distortion in BC1F2 in favour of transgene negative plants. In T1 event, inheritance followed expected Mendelian segregation in BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2, generations. However, when tested against co-dominant inheritance 1:2:1 pattern in BC2F2, segregation distortion was observed with less than the expected transgene homozygotes. While against 3:1 ratio, it showed the expected segregation pattern in BC2F2 generation. Segregation distortion probably due to differential transmission of transgene positive/negative gametes through either/both parents which needs further study. 相似文献
137.
Depression of sink activity precedes the inhibition of biomass production in tomato plants subjected to potassium deficiency stress 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kanai S Ohkura K Adu-Gyamfi JJ Mohapatra PK Nguyen NT Saneoka H Fujita K 《Journal of experimental botany》2007,58(11):2917-2928
Tomato [Solanum lycopersicum (formerly Lycopersicon esculentum) L. cv. Momotarou] plants were grown hydroponically inside the greenhouse of Hiroshima University, Japan. The adverse effects of potassium (K) deficiency stress on the source-sink relationship during the early reproductive period was examined by withdrawing K from the rooting medium for a period of 21 d. Fruits and stem were the major sink organs for the carbon assimilates from the source. A simple non-destructive micro-morphometric technique was used to measure growth of these organs. The effect of K deficiency was studied on the apparent photosynthesis (source activity), leaf area, partitioning (13)C, sugar concentration, K content, and fruit and stem diameters of the plant. Compared with the control, K deficiency treatment severely decreased biomass of all organs. The treatment also depressed leaf photosynthesis and transport of (13)C assimilates, but the impact of stress on these activities became evident only after fruit and stem diameter expansions were down-regulated. These results suggested that K deficiency diminished sink activity in tomato plants prior to its effect on the source activity because of a direct effect on the water status of the former. The lack of demand in growth led to the accumulation of sugars in leaves and concomitant fall in photosynthetic activity. Since accumulation of K and sugars in the fruit was not affected, low K levels of the growing medium might not have affected the fruit quality. The micro-morphometric technique can be used as a reliable tool for monitoring K deficiency during fruiting of tomato. K deficiency directly hindered assimilate partitioning, and the symptoms were considered more detrimental compared with P deficiency. 相似文献
138.
Hio‐Ieng Un Shawn A. Gregory Swagat K. Mohapatra Miao Xiong Elena Longhi Yang Lu Sergei Rigin Samik Jhulki Chi‐Yuan Yang Tatiana V. Timofeeva Jie‐Yu Wang Shannon K. Yee Stephen Barlow Seth R. Marder Jian Pei 《Liver Transplantation》2019,9(24)
Molecular doping is a powerful method to fine‐tune the thermoelectric properties of organic semiconductors, in particular to impart the requisite electrical conductivity. The incorporation of molecular dopants can, however, perturb the microstructure of semicrystalline organic semiconductors, which complicates the development of a detailed understanding of structure–property relationships. To better understand how the doping pathway and the resulting dopant counterion influence the thermoelectric performance and transport properties, a new dimer dopant, (N‐DMBI)2, is developed. Subsequently, FBDPPV is then n‐doped with dimer dopants (N‐DMBI)2, (RuCp*mes)2, and the hydride‐donor dopant N‐DMBI‐H. By comparing the UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra and morphological characteristics of the doped polymers, it is found that not only the doping mechanism, but also the shape of the counterion strongly influence the thermoelectric properties and transport characteristics. (N‐DMBI)2, which is a direct electron‐donating dopant with a comparatively small, relatively planar counterion, gives the best power factor among the three systems studied here. Additionally, temperature‐dependent conductivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements differ between the three dopants with (N‐DMBI)2 yielding the best thermoelectric properties. The results of this study of dopant effects on thermoelectric properties provide insight into guidelines for future organic thermoelectrics. 相似文献
139.
Pragya Pandit Shailendra Kumar Manoj Mohapatra Pargin Bangotra Rohit Mehra A.K. Singh 《Luminescence》2019,34(2):212-221
In the current study, the structural and spectroscopic properties of phosphatic shale samples obtained from the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research were probed for potential use as a phosphor material. X‐ray diffraction and Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the beneficiated phosphatic shale samples were primarily monophasic consisting of fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F, (FAP)] with minor traces of haematite (α‐Fe2O3) and calcite (CaCO3). Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence revealed the presence of U, Eu, Dy and Tb in the FAP matrix substituted at Ca(I) and Ca(II) sites of FAP. A reduced optical direct band gap of 4.46 eV was calculated from the Tauc plot. Photoluminescence spectral studies revealed multicolour emissions (red, yellow, green and blue) on ultraviolet light excitation that were attributed to luminescence spectra from rare earth ions Eu3+, Tb3+, U4+ and U6+ in the FAP matrix. The overall emissions for the rare earth and actinide‐doped FAP were obtained in the cool white region and the corresponding Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage chromaticity coordinates were calculated to be (0.274, 0.317). The corresponding colour correlated temperature obtained was 9342 K. Furthermore, phosphatic shale had a high room temperature dielectric constant of 11 at a frequency of 1 kHz that demonstrated its suitability for use in biological sensors. The study showed that natural phosphatic shale could be a potential material for optical, biological and dielectric applications. 相似文献