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41.
Babu M Beloglazova N Flick R Graham C Skarina T Nocek B Gagarinova A Pogoutse O Brown G Binkowski A Phanse S Joachimiak A Koonin EV Savchenko A Emili A Greenblatt J Edwards AM Yakunin AF 《Molecular microbiology》2011,79(2):484-502
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and the associated proteins (Cas) comprise a system of adaptive immunity against viruses and plasmids in prokaryotes. Cas1 is a CRISPR-associated protein that is common to all CRISPR-containing prokaryotes but its function remains obscure. Here we show that the purified Cas1 protein of Escherichia coli (YgbT) exhibits nuclease activity against single-stranded and branched DNAs including Holliday junctions, replication forks and 5'-flaps. The crystal structure of YgbT and site-directed mutagenesis have revealed the potential active site. Genome-wide screens show that YgbT physically and genetically interacts with key components of DNA repair systems, including recB, recC and ruvB. Consistent with these findings, the ygbT deletion strain showed increased sensitivity to DNA damage and impaired chromosomal segregation. Similar phenotypes were observed in strains with deletion of CRISPR clusters, suggesting that the function of YgbT in repair involves interaction with the CRISPRs. These results show that YgbT belongs to a novel, structurally distinct family of nucleases acting on branched DNAs and suggest that, in addition to antiviral immunity, at least some components of the CRISPR-Cas system have a function in DNA repair. 相似文献
42.
Legumes, with their unique ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, play a vital role in ensuring future food security and mitigating the effects of climate change because they use less fossil energy and produce less greenhouse gases compared with N-fertilized systems. Grain legumes are second only to cereal crops as a source of human and animal food, and they contribute approximately one third of the protein consumed by the human population. The productivity of seed crops, such as grain legumes, is dependent on flowering. Despite the genetic variation and importance of flowering in legume production, studies of the molecular pathways that control flowering in legumes are limited.Recent advances in genomics have revealed that legume flowering pathways are divergent from those of such model species as Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we discuss the current understanding of flowering time regulation in legumes and highlight the unique and conserved features of floral evocation in legumes. 相似文献
43.
P. Ahila Devi S. Mohan J. Rajalakshmi 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(18):2280-2287
The Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf1), Bacillus subtilis (Bs1) are the major potential biocontrol agents against foliar pathogens. MPf1 and MBs1 were found to be the most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Alternaria helianthi. These biocontrol agents have the maximum capacity in controlling the spore germination, and data showing the growth-promoting effect of biocontrol agents and inhibition of seed-borne fungi are available. Seed-borne infections of A. helianthi are controlled by seed treatment with P. fluorescens, which showed least seed infection. The root length and shoot length has also been increased. 相似文献
44.
45.
Pramod B. Pansuriya Mohan N. Patel 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(1):108-119
The structural and spectroscopic properties of novel five-coordinated dimeric-Cu(II) system have been investigated. The biocidal activities of all eight compounds, ligands, cupric nitrate and standard drugs against six bacteria and three fungi were determined. The DNA interaction activity of complexes was studied using spectrophotometry and electrophoresis. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of the complexes was compared with previously reported monomeric- and dimeric copper complexes. The results support the five-coordinated dimeric square pyramidal geometry for the quinolone-Cu(II) system. 相似文献
46.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor Binding in Brains of Alzheimer''s and Alcoholic Patients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
F. T. Crews R. McElhaney G. Freund W. E. Ballinger Jr. † Mohan K. Raizada‡ 《Journal of neurochemistry》1992,58(4):1205-1210
Patients with chronic alcoholism and/or Alzheimer's disease show degenerative changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. To investigate possible changes in insulin-like growth factor I receptor binding sites in brain tissue of patients with these pathological conditions, the number of 125I-insulin-like growth factor I binding sites was determined in tissues obtained from control patients and those with Alzheimer's and/or with a history of alcoholism. The four experimental groups examined consisted of patients from similar age groups. Postmortem histology and a clinical history were used for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and alcoholism, respectively. Careful clinical records were kept concerning other variables such as immediate cause of death and medications administered before death. Specific binding of 125I-insulin-like growth factor I to homogenates prepared from cerebral cortex of Alzheimer's, alcoholic, alcoholic Alzheimer's, and age-matched control patients was similar, although Alzheimer's patients tended to have slightly higher binding values. No significant differences in insulin-like growth factor I binding in cerebral cortex were found with regard to age of patients, the interval between death and autopsy, and CNS-active medications. No statistical differences in 125I-insulin-like growth factor I binding were noted in hippocampal tissue from the four patient groups. Thus, human insulin-like growth factor I binding sites in cerebral cortex and hippocampus appear unaffected by several variables. 相似文献
47.
P. Rama Mohan Reddy Gopal Reddy G. Seenayya 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》1999,21(2):175-179
Screening of fifteen nutrients belonging to four categories, viz., carbon, nitrogen, salt and complex organic sources was carried out using Plackett-Burman design for the production of thermostable #-amylase and pullulanase by Clostridium thermosulfurogenes SV2 in solid-state fermentation (SSF). This design involves screening of up to `nу' variables in just `n' number of experiments. Regression co-efficients and t-values were calculated by subjecting the experimental data to statistical analysis. Lactose, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride and casein hydrolysate showed higher regression co-efficients in the biomass formation. Among the fifteen nutrients screened, based on their performance in terms of product promoting ability, availability and cost, magnesium chloride, potato starch, ferrous sulphate, pearl millet flour and corn steep liquor were identified as most effective and, therefore, selected for inclusion in further optimization studies. 相似文献
48.
Mashitoh Abd Rahman Faiqah Ramli Hamed Karimian Firouzeh Dehghan Noraziah Nordin Hapipah Mohd Ali Syam Mohan Najihah Mohd Hashim 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
Artonin E is a prenylated flavonoid isolated from the stem bark of Artocarpus elasticus Reinw.(Moraceae). This study aimed to investigate the apoptotic mechanisms induced by artonin E in a metastatic human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 in vitro. MTT assay, clonogenic assay, acridine orange and propidium iodide double staining, cell cycle and annexin V analyses were performed to explore the mode of artonin E-induced cell death at different time points. DNA laddering, activation of caspases-3, -8, and -9, multi-parametric cytotoxicity-3analysis by high-content screening, measurement of reactive oxygen species generation, and Western blot were employed to study the pathways involved in the apoptosis. MTT results showed that artonin E inhibited the growth of SKOV-3 cells, with IC50 values of 6.5±0.5μg/mL after 72 h treatment, and showed less toxicity toward a normal human ovarian cell lineT1074, with IC50 value of 32.5±0.5μg/mL. Results showed that artonin E induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the S phase. This compound also promoted the activation of caspases-3, -8, and -9. Further investigation into the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c revealed that artonin E treatment induced apoptosis via regulation of the expression of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. The expression levels of survivin and HSP70 proteins were also down regulated in SKOV-3 cells treated with artonin E. We propose that artonin E induced an antiproliferative effect that led to S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through dysregulation of mitochondrial pathways, particularly the pro- and anti-apoptosis signaling pathways. 相似文献
49.
C. Shanker M. Mohan M. Sampathkumar Ch. Lydia G. Katti 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2013,23(4):480-484
The diversity of natural enemies harboured by flowering forbs on rice field bunds was recorded. Ageratum conozoides with a maximum Shannon diversity index of 1.8 followed by Acmella uliginosa, Eclipta alba and Tridax procumbens are amenable for ecological engineering, providing nectar, pollen and alternate prey to natural enemies. 相似文献