全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8492篇 |
免费 | 506篇 |
国内免费 | 21篇 |
专业分类
9019篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 20篇 |
2023年 | 108篇 |
2022年 | 302篇 |
2021年 | 434篇 |
2020年 | 399篇 |
2019年 | 593篇 |
2018年 | 471篇 |
2017年 | 329篇 |
2016年 | 433篇 |
2015年 | 464篇 |
2014年 | 583篇 |
2013年 | 743篇 |
2012年 | 711篇 |
2011年 | 681篇 |
2010年 | 374篇 |
2009年 | 309篇 |
2008年 | 347篇 |
2007年 | 357篇 |
2006年 | 302篇 |
2005年 | 244篇 |
2004年 | 190篇 |
2003年 | 155篇 |
2002年 | 131篇 |
2001年 | 26篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有9019条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
Quaiser Saquib Mohammad Faisal Sabiha Mahmood Ansari Rizwan Wahab 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2019,26(7):1411-1417
Herein, we studied phorate for its toxicological effects in human lymphocytes. Phorate treatment for 3 h has induced significant increase in the lymphocytic DNA damage. Compared to control, comet data from highest concentration of phorate (1000 µM) showed 8.03-fold increase in the Olive tail moment (OTM). Cytokinesis blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay revealed 6.4-fold increase in binucleated micronucleated (BNMN) cells following the exposure with phorate (200 µM) for 24 h. The nuclear division index (NDI) in phorate (200 µM) treated cells reduced to 1.8 vis-à-vis control cells showed NDI of 1.94. Comparative to untreated control, 60.43% greater DCF fluorescence was quantitated in lymphocytes treated with phorate (500 µM), affirming reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative stress. Flow cytometric data of phorate (200 µM) treated lymphocytes showed 81.77% decline in the fluorescence of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) dye, confirming the perturbation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) treated with phorate (1000 µM) exhibited 2.3-fold higher 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) DNA adduct formation, signified the oxidative DNA damage. The alkaline unwinding assay revealed 4.0 and 6.5 ct-DNA strand breaks when treated to phorate and phorate-Cu (II) complex. Overall, the data unequivocally suggests the cyto- and genotoxic potential of phorate in human lymphocytes, which may induce comparable toxicological consequences in persons occupationally or non-occupationally exposed to insecticide phorate. 相似文献
12.
Mojgan Abdolrahim Mohammad Rabiee Sanaz Naghavi Alhosseini Mohammadreza Tahriri Sara Yazdanpanah Lobat Tayebi 《Analytical biochemistry》2015
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death among cardiovascular diseases. Among the numerous attempts to develop coronary marker concepts into clinical strategies, cardiac troponin is known as a specific marker for coronary events. The cardiac troponin concentration level in blood has been shown to rise rapidly for 4–10 days after onset of AMI, making it an attractive approach for a long diagnosis window for detection. The extremely low clinical sensing range of cardiac troponin levels consequently makes the methods of detection highly sensitive. In this review, by taking into consideration optical methods applied for cardiac troponin detection, we discuss the most commonly used methods of optical immunosensing and provide an overview of the various diagnostic cardiac troponin immunosensors that have been employed for determination of cardiac troponin over the last several years. 相似文献
13.
A Babaei BD Ward S Ahmad A Patel A Nencka SJ Li J Hyde R Shaker 《American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology》2012,303(5):G600-G609
Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have demonstrated that a number of brain regions (cingulate, insula, prefrontal, and sensory/motor cortices) display blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) positive activity during swallow. Negative BOLD activations and reproducibility of these activations have not been systematically studied. The aim of our study was to investigate the reproducibility of swallow-related cortical positive and negative BOLD activity across different fMRI sessions. We studied 16 healthy volunteers utilizing an fMRI event-related analysis. Individual analysis using a general linear model was used to remove undesirable signal changes correlated with motion, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. The group analysis used a mixed-effects multilevel model to identify active cortical regions. The volume and magnitude of a BOLD signal within each cluster was compared between the two study sessions. All subjects showed significant clustered BOLD activity within the known areas of cortical swallowing network across both sessions. The cross-correlation coefficient of percent fMRI signal change and the number of activated voxels across both positive and negative BOLD networks were similar between the two studies (r ≥ 0.87, P < 0.0001). Swallow-associated negative BOLD activity was comparable to the well-defined "default-mode" network, and positive BOLD activity had noticeable overlap with the previously described "task-positive" network. Swallow activates two parallel cortical networks. These include a positive and a negative BOLD network, respectively, correlated and anticorrelated with swallow stimulus. Group cortical activity maps, as well as extent and amplitude of activity induced by volitional swallowing in the cortical swallowing network, are reproducible between study sessions. 相似文献
14.
Mehdi Adib Fariba Peytam Reihaneh Shourgeshty Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani Mehdi Jahani Somaye Imanparast Mohammad Ali Faramarzi Bagher Larijani Ali Akbar Moghadamnia Ensieh Nasli Esfahani Fatemeh Bandarian Mohammad Mahdavi 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2019,29(5):713-718
Twenty three fused carbazole–imidazoles 6a–w were designed, synthesized, and screened as new α-glucosidase inhibitors. All the synthesized fused carbazole-imidazoles 6a-w were found to be more active than acarbose (IC50?=?750.0?±?1.5?µM) against yeast α-glucosidase with IC50 values in the range of 74.0?±?0.7–298.3?±?0.9?µM. Kinetic study of the most potent compound 6v demonstrated that this compound is a competitive inhibitor for α-glucosidase (Ki value?=?75?µM). Furthermore, the in silico studies of the most potent compounds 6v and 6o confirmed that these compounds interacted with the key residues in the active site of α-glucosidase. 相似文献
15.
16.
Amir Majlesi Reza Kamali Kakhki Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad Rasoul Yousefi Mashouf Amir Roointan Malek Abazari Mohammad Yousef Alikhani 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2018,25(3):426-430
Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants have arisen as a significant concern in recent years. The aim of this study was screening of resistant-clinical isolates to fluoroquinolone antibiotics and detection of qnr and aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes.For this purpose we collected 100 fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae which were from 3 hospitals in Hamadan, west provinces of Iran, between October 2012 and June 2013. The all samples were identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by PCR method. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents including levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined by disk diffusion methods and ciprofloxacin MIC was obtained by broth microdilution method as Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. The isolates were screened for the presence of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes using PCR assay. Among the screened isolates, 64 strains (64%) of Escherichia coli, 23 strains (23%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 13 strains (13%) of Proteus mirabilis were collected as quinolone-resistant isolates. out of 100 isolates, two (2%) were positive for qnrS, seventeen (17%) isolates were positive for qnrB and we did not find qnrA gene in any of the isolates. There were also 32 positive isolates for aac(6′)-Ib-cr determinant. We described the prevalence of qnr and aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes in fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Hamadan city. The carriage rate of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in healthy people in Hamadan City is extremely high. Moreover, genes encoding transferable quinolones, in particular aac(6′)-Ib-cr, are highly prevalent in these strains. 相似文献
17.
18.
Salehi Jouzani G Seifinejad A Saeedizadeh A Nazarian A Yousefloo M Soheilivand S Mousivand M Jahangiri R Yazdani M Amiri RM Akbari S 《Canadian journal of microbiology》2008,54(10):812-822
The characterization of nematode-effective strains and cry genes in the Iranian Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) collection (70 isolates) is presented. Characterization was based on PCR analysis using 12 specific primers for cry5, cry6, cry12, cry13, cry14, and cry21 genes encoding proteins active against nematodes, crystal morphology, and protein band patterns as well as their nematicidal activity on root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and two free-living nematodes (Chiloplacus tenuis and Acrobeloides enoplus). PCR results with primers for these genes showed that 22 isolates (31.5%) contain a minimum of one nematode-active cry gene. Strains containing the cry6 gene were the most abundant and represent 22.8% of the isolates. Bt strains harboring cry14 genes were also abundant (14.2%). cry21 and cry5 genes were less abundant, found in 4.2% and 2.8% of the strains, respectively. In total, six different nematode-active cry gene profiles were detected in this collection. Four isolates did not show the expected PCR product size for cry5, cry6, and cry21 genes; they might contain potentially novel insecticidal crystal protein genes. Twenty-two Bt isolates containing nematode-active cry genes were selected for preliminary bioassays on M. incognita. Based on these bioassays, four isolates were selected for detailed bioassays. Isolates YD5 and KON4 at 2 x 10(8) CFU/mL concentrations showed 77% and 81% toxicity on M. incognita, respectively. The free-living nematodes C. tenuis and A. enoplus were more susceptible and the highest mortality was observed within 48 h of incubation at all of the concentrations tested. Maximum mortality was recorded for isolates SN1 and KON4 at 2 x 10(8) CFU/mL concentrations and resulted in 68% and 77% adults deaths of C. tenuis and 68% and 72% for A. enoplus, respectively. Our results showed that PCR is a useful technique for toxicity prediction of nematicidal Bt isolates. 相似文献
19.
20.
Effects of roads and land use on frog distributions across spatial scales and regions in the Eastern and Central United States 下载免费PDF全文
David M. Marsh Bradley J. Cosentino Kara S. Jones Joseph J. Apodaca Karen H. Beard Jane Margaret Bell Christine Bozarth Derrick Carper Julie F. Charbonnier Andreia Dantas Elizabeth A. Forys Miran Foster Jaquelyn General Kristen S. Genet Macie Hanneken Kyle R. Hess Shane A. Hill Faisal Iqbal Nancy E. Karraker Eran S. Kilpatrick Tom A. Langen James Langford Kathryn Lauer Alison J. McCarthy Joseph Neale Saumya Patel Austin Patton Cherie Southwick Nathaniel Stearrett Nicholas Steijn Mohammad Tasleem Joseph M. Taylor James R. Vonesh 《Diversity & distributions》2017,23(2):158-170