全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5889篇 |
免费 | 300篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 13篇 |
2023年 | 86篇 |
2022年 | 204篇 |
2021年 | 312篇 |
2020年 | 146篇 |
2019年 | 166篇 |
2018年 | 180篇 |
2017年 | 153篇 |
2016年 | 270篇 |
2015年 | 294篇 |
2014年 | 310篇 |
2013年 | 467篇 |
2012年 | 424篇 |
2011年 | 460篇 |
2010年 | 263篇 |
2009年 | 236篇 |
2008年 | 318篇 |
2007年 | 287篇 |
2006年 | 260篇 |
2005年 | 216篇 |
2004年 | 200篇 |
2003年 | 169篇 |
2002年 | 168篇 |
2001年 | 47篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 39篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 32篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 27篇 |
1994年 | 28篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有6197条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
941.
Lobna Gargouri Kammoun Samia Gargouri Mohamed Rabeh Hajlaoui Mohamed Marrakchi 《Journal of Phytopathology》2009,157(9):546-551
An outbreak of Fusarium Head Blight of durum wheat occurred in 2004 being localized in sub-humid and higher semi-arid region of Northern Tunisia. A mycological survey carried out throughout these regions, revealed that 78% of the prospected fields were infested. Results of the morphological and molecular identification, showed that the most common species isolated from diseased wheat spikes was Microdochium nivale var. nivale (63.5%), followed by Fusarium culmorum (26%), F. pseudograminearum (9%) and F. avenaceum (1.5%). To evaluate mycotoxin content of naturally infected grain, the amounts of trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in harvested grain from 45 fields were quantified by RIDASCREEN DON Enzyme Immunoassay Kit (ELISA) . This study showed that the infection levels in freshly harvested grain were very low and the maximum deoxynivalenol (DON) level of the positive samples was 53 ppb. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of DON in naturally infected wheat grain sampled from Northern Tunisia. 相似文献
942.
Samer S. El-Kamary Michelle D. Shardell Mohamed Abdel-Hamid Soheir Ismail Mohamed El-Ateek Mohamed Metwally Nabiel Mikhail Mohamed Hashem Amr Mousa Amr Aboul-Fotouh Mohamed El-Kassas Gamal Esmat G. Thomas Strickland 《Phytomedicine》2009,16(5):391-400
PurposeMilk thistle or its purified extract, silymarin (Silybum marianum), is widely used in treating acute or chronic hepatitis. Although silymarin is hepatoprotective in animal experiments and some human hepatotoxic exposures, its efficacy in ameliorating the symptoms of acute clinical hepatitis remains inconclusive. In this study, our purpose was to determine whether silymarin improves symptoms, signs and laboratory test results in patients with acute clinical hepatitis, regardless of etiology.MethodsThis is a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in which participants, treating physicians and data management staff were blinded to treatment group. The study was conducted at two fever hospitals in Tanta and Banha, Egypt where patients with symptoms compatible with acute clinical hepatitis and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels >2.5 times the upper limit of normal were enrolled. The intervention consisted of three times daily ingestion of either a standard recommended dose of 140 mg of silymarin (Legalon®, MADAUS GmbH, Cologne, Germany), or a vitamin placebo for four weeks with an additional four-week follow-up. The primary outcomes were symptoms and signs of acute hepatitis and results of liver function tests on days 2, 4 and 7 and weeks 2, 4, and 8. Side-effects and adverse events were ascertained by self-report.ResultsFrom July 2003 through October 2005, 105 eligible patients were enrolled after providing informed consent. No adverse events were noted and both silymarin and placebo were well tolerated. Patients randomized to the silymarin group had quicker resolution of symptoms related to biliary retention: dark urine (p=0.013), jaundice (p=0.02) and scleral icterus (p=0.043). There was a reduction in indirect bilirubin among those assigned to silymarin (p=0.012), but other variables including direct bilirubin, ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were not significantly reduced.ConclusionsPatients receiving silymarin had earlier improvement in subjective and clinical markers of biliary excretion. Despite a modest sample size and multiple etiologies for acute clinical hepatitis, our results suggest that standard recommended doses of silymarin are safe and may be potentially effective in improving symptoms of acute clinical hepatitis despite lack of a detectable effect on biomarkers of the underlying hepatocellular inflammatory process. 相似文献
943.
Samia Ammar Hayet Edziri Mohamed Ali Mahjoub Rym Chatter Abderrahman Bouraoui Zine Mighri 《Phytomedicine》2009,16(12):1156-1161
A sesquiterpenoid Bakkenolide (1), and two steroids, (3β, 22E)-Stigmasta-5, 22-diène-3-ol (Stigmasterol) (2) and stigmasterol 3β-glucoside (3), isolated from the Hertia cheirifolia (L.) chloroform extract, were evaluated respectively for their spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory activities. We note that these natural products were isolated and purified for the first time from the specie Hertia cheirifolia. Their structures have been established by spectroscopy (1 and 2D NMR experiences) and mass spectrometry. Chloroform-, ethyl acetate- and methanol-extracts were also tested for their spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory activities. Spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory screening were based respectively on the contractile response effects on rat isolated smooth muscles and on the dose-related carrageenan induced paw edema in rats. screening of the crude extracts showed spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory positive results. The antispasmodic effect of Bakkenolide was found in the same range as that of Alverine, a standard musculotropic spasmolytic agent. 相似文献
944.
Guillaume Cuoco Carole Mathe Paul Archier Mohamed El Maâtaoui Cathy Vieillescazes 《Phytochemical analysis : PCA》2009,20(6):484-490
Introduction – Madder (Rubia tinctorum) has been used since ancient times as a source of pigments for dyeing and painting. Madder dyes are localised in roots and the native chemical population is composed of glycosiled and aglycone compounds. The aim of this study is to elaborate an efficient extraction process without any chemical denaturation of dyes. Objective – To compare an optimised ultrasonic process, using for madder dye extraction, with two conventional procedures and to determine the efficiency of ultrasound on these vegetable matrix. Methodology – Madder roots were extract in a methanol–water mixture in 37 : 63 (v/v) for ultrasound and 80 : 20 (v/v) for reflux and agitation. HPLC‐PAD analyses showed the anthraquinone proportion for each extraction process and their denaturing effects. Finally, cytohistological observations were made to show the consequence of each process on the cell organisation in madder roots. Results – The results showed that the amount of extracted dyes was higher with UAE than with agitation and reflux. HPLC‐PAD analysis revealed that the anthraquinone composition differed according to the extraction procedure. The UAE extracts presented an important richness in terms of anthraquinonic compounds that suggests a preserving effect. Cytohistological observations showed that the main alterations concerned the cell walls of phloem. After UAE the walls exhibited numerous pitted areas reflecting an ultrasound‐induced cavitation that enhances the extraction effectiveness of this method. Conclusion – The study has shown the improvement of madder roots extraction both quantitatively and qualitatively using the efficiency of ultrasound‐assisted extraction in comparison with magnetic agitation and reflux techniques. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
945.
Shadia A. Galal Amira S. Abd El-All Mohamed M. Abdallah Hoda I. El-Diwani 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2009,19(9):2420-2428
A new series of potent antitumor and antiviral benzofuran derivatives was synthesized by the reaction of the furochromone-6-carboxaldehydes 1 and 2 with different heterocyclic amines to yield the benzofuran-5-carbonyl derivatives 4–11. The synthesized compounds 1, 3–11 were tested against twelve different human cancer cell lines and all of the compounds were more potent than the comparative standards. The HIV inhibitory activity of the tested compounds 1, 3–11 showed that they have higher potency than Atevirdine. Moreover, compound 6 was significantly potent with wider therapeutic index. The HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity showed that compounds 10, 11, 3 and 4 were notably potent but with lower therapeutic index than Atevirdine. The HCV NS3-4A protease inhibitor activity of the tested compounds revealed that they have weaker potency and less therapeutic index than VX-950, although compounds 1, 4, 9 and 6, respectively exhibited significant activity. 相似文献
946.
Mohamed Ashraf Ali Jeyabalan Govinda Samy Elumalai Manogaran Velmurugan Sellappan Mohamed Zaheen Hasan Mohamed Jawed Ahsan Suresh Pandian Mohammad ShaharYar 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2009,19(24):7000-7002
In present investigation, a series of substituted phenyl-5,6-dimethoxy-1-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-2-indenylmethanone analogues were synthesized and were evaluated for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and INH resistant M. tuberculosis. All the newly synthesized compounds were showing moderate to high inhibitory activities. The compound 5,6-dimethoxy-1-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-2-indenyl-4-fluorophenylmethanone (5g) was found to be the most promising compounds active against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and isoniazid (INH) resistant M. tuberculosis with Minimum inhibitory concentration 0.10 and 0.10 μM. 相似文献
947.
Mohamed Ashraf Ali Mohammad Shahar Yar Mohamed Zaheen Hasan Mohamed Jawed Ahsan Suresh Pandian 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2009,19(17):5075-5077
In present investigation, a series of substituted phenyl-5,6-dimethoxy-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-2-indenylmethanone analogues were synthesized and were tested for their potential for treating AD disease. All the newly synthesized compounds were showing moderate to high AChE inhibitory activities, with compound 5,6-dimethoxy-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-2-indenyl-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylmethanone (5f) produced significant activities with 2.7 ± 0.01 μmol/L. 相似文献
948.
Actin-Depolymerizing Factor2-Mediated Actin Dynamics Are Essential for Root-Knot Nematode Infection of Arabidopsis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
949.
950.
Sandra Silvina Vallcaneras Marilina Casais Silvia Marcela Delgado Fabián Mohamed Ana María Rastrilla 《Steroids》2009,74(6):526-403
The ovarian function is controlled by endocrine factors and neural influence. In late pregnant rat, androstenedione, from the coeliac ganglion, has a luteotrophic effect in the ex vivo coeliac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovary system. In this work we investigate the presence of androgen receptors in the coeliac ganglion of late pregnant rats by immunohistochemistry. We also explore, from a physiological point of view, the potential participation of these receptors in the androstenedione ganglionic action on progesterone release and metabolism, as well as on nitrites release in the ovary compartment. The coeliac ganglion was isolated after being fixed in situ and immunohistochemistry was performed. In the system, three experimental groups were used with the addition of (a) androstenedione, (b) flutamide, and (c) androstenedione plus flutamide in the ganglion compartment. Progesterone and nitrite concentrations were determined in the ovary compartment at different incubation times. Corpora lutea samples isolated at the end of incubation were used to determine the expressions and activities of the progesterone synthesis (3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase, 3β-HSD) and degradation (20α-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase, 20α-HSD) enzymes. Immunohistochemistry revealed cytoplasmatic androgen receptor immunoreactivity in neural somas in the coeliac ganglion. In the coeliac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovary system, androstenedione addition increased 3β-HSD and decreased 20α-HSD, showed a tendency to decrease 20α-HSD expression, and increased nitrites release in relation to control. Androstenedione plus flutamide decreased progesterone and nitrites release in relation to the androstenedione group. This work demonstrates the presence of androgen receptors in neurons of celiac ganglion and provides evidence for the luteotrophic action of androstenedione via a neural pathway that may be mediated by these receptors. 相似文献