全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6078篇 |
免费 | 309篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
6395篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 19篇 |
2023年 | 94篇 |
2022年 | 222篇 |
2021年 | 319篇 |
2020年 | 149篇 |
2019年 | 167篇 |
2018年 | 188篇 |
2017年 | 157篇 |
2016年 | 277篇 |
2015年 | 305篇 |
2014年 | 325篇 |
2013年 | 481篇 |
2012年 | 439篇 |
2011年 | 473篇 |
2010年 | 270篇 |
2009年 | 242篇 |
2008年 | 329篇 |
2007年 | 291篇 |
2006年 | 268篇 |
2005年 | 221篇 |
2004年 | 205篇 |
2003年 | 171篇 |
2002年 | 172篇 |
2001年 | 48篇 |
2000年 | 42篇 |
1999年 | 41篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 27篇 |
1994年 | 28篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 26篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有6395条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
171.
Mohamed Zaghloul Christoph Reisch Peter Poschlod 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2013,299(10):1819-1828
The contribution of soil seed bank of a desert endemic plant species in maintaining genetic diversity has been addressed in this paper through investigating the differences in genetic diversity and structure (using AFLP markers) between plants grown from soil seed bank and standing crop plants within and among five populations of H. sinaicum growing at St. Katherine Protectorate, southern Sinai, Egypt. Standard genetic diversity measures showed that the molecular variation within and among populations was highly significantly different between standing crop and soil seed bank. While soil seed bank had lower genetic diversity than standing crop populations, pooling soil seed bank with standing crop samples resulted in higher diversity. The results revealed also that soil seed bank had lower differentiation (7 %) than among populations of the standing crop (18 %). Results of neighbor-joining, Bayesian clustering and principal coordinate analysis showed that soil seed banks had a separate gene pool different from standing crop. The study came to the conclusion that the genetic variation of the soil seed bank contributes significantly to the genetic variation of the species. This also stresses the importance of elucidating the genetic diversity and structure of the soil seed bank for any sound and long-term conservation efforts for desert species. These have been growing in small-size populations for a long time that any estimates gained only from aboveground sampling of populations may be ambiguous. 相似文献
172.
Larger foraminifera of the Late Paleocene–Early Eocene lower slope to toe-of-slope deposits of the southern Galala, Egypt, are described. Sulcocassidina nakkadyi n. gen. et sp. (base) and Vacuolicassidella dakhlensis n. gen. et sp. (top) represent a phylogenetic line related to the family Cassidinidae (new family), superfamily Miscellanacea (new superfamily) in the latest Paleocene (shallow benthic zone 4) of the southern Galala, Egypt. In addition, Oscucassidella cassis n. gen. et sp., Pellatispiroides youssefi n. gen. et sp. and Chordcassidella ainshamsiana n. gen. et sp. are described and illustrated. Genus: Pomerolina n. gen. (Type species: Alveolina meandrina Carter, 1861, is newly erected and it belongs to Cassidinidae. In this family, the chambers are initially arranged streptospirally, whereas in later stages they are planispirally enrolled. Lateral chamberlets (retral process) are separated from the laminae by a passage and a marginal crest is added during growth. 相似文献
173.
Nummulites beaumonti d'Archiac & Haime, 1853, originally described from El Basatin, Gebel Mokattam, Greater Cairo, is redefined from a nummulitic bank at the base of the Maadi Formation from its type locality as neotype. Schaub (1981) described the species from Libya and the type example of this species is still unknown. N. discorbinus Schlotheim (1820) is described as neotype from a nummulitic bank in the Mokattam Formation, which is located in the site of the Citadel tombs, near the Salah El Din Citadel, Gebel Mokattam, Egypt. According to Schaub (1981), the type example of this species is also unknown. For this reason the establishment of the neotypes of these two widespread nummulites species: N. discorbinus (Late Lutetian) and N. beaumonti (Bartonian) is important and tackled in this paper. N. qurnensis n. sp. ( = N. sp. cf. beaumonti in Boukhary et al. 2002) is introduced as a new species from the lower Bartonian part of the Qurn Formation of Helwan. Biometrical studies are carried out on the three species to present up to date information on these Nummulites, with particular attention to their biostratigraphic correlation with the Shallow Benthic Zones (SBZ) of Serra-Kiel et al. 1998. The authors would like to stress the importance of a careful designation of a neotype to avoid the introduction of complicated and unnecessary taxonomic problems. 相似文献
174.
175.
Souhir Soussou Stéphanie Mahieu Brigitte Brunel José Escarré Michel Lebrun Mohamed Banni Hamadi Boussetta Jean-Claude Cleyet-Marel 《Plant and Soil》2013,371(1-2):423-434
Aims
This work examines Zn accumulation in four Anthyllis vulneraria subspecies supplemented with mineral nitrogen or grown in the presence of their symbiotic bacteria.Methods
Anthyllis vulneraria subspecies were grown hydroponically in the presence of high levels of ZnSO4. The plants were either grown in symbiosis with one of two non-metallicolous or metallicolous Mesorhizobium inoculants or in the presence of KNO3.Results
When exposed to 1,000 μM Zn, shoot and root biomass of three out of our four Anthyllis subspecies cultivated with NO3 dropped significantly by about 24–28 %; carpatica, the fourth subspecies, was not affected. Subspecies carpatica Zn tolerance was confirmed when in symbiosis with the metallicolous strain. In the presence of 1,000 μM Zn, the different Anthyllis subspecies concentrated more Zn in their roots than in their shoots and only subsp. carpatica accumulated a significant amount of Zn in its shoots. The most remarkable feature was the drastic decrease in Zn concentration in both roots (up to 2.5–3 fold) and shoots (2.6-fold) of subsp. carpatica exposed to 1,000 μM Zn and nodulated whatever the Mesorhizobium strain used, compared to the N-grown plants.Conclusions
Our results bring new perspectives as regards phytostabilization, with the potential use of a rhizobium-inoculated leguminous subspecies displaying unusual Zn tolerance. 相似文献176.
Adnane Bargaz Mustapha Faghire Mohamed Farissi Jean-Jacques Drevon Cherki Ghoulam 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2013,35(5):1633-1644
One of the most adverse effects of phosphorus (P) deficiency on N2-fixing legumes is the generation of harmful active oxygen species which cause oxidative stress. And although oxidative stress has been widely studied in roots and shoots of various plant species, it has not yet sufficiently been documented in bean nodules so far. In this study, two recombinant inbred lines RIL115 (P-deficiency tolerant) and RIL147 (P-deficiency sensitive) of common bean and Concesa (local variety) were inoculated separately with the reference strain R. tropici CIAT899, RhM11 (R. gallicum) or RhM14 (R. tropici); two local strains of the Marrakesh region of Morocco. Nodulated plants were grown under semi-hydroponic conditions with sufficient or deficient P supply and analyzed for their oxidative responses at the flowering stage. The results indicated that P-deficiency decreased the growth of shoots (48 %) and nodules (32 %), particularly with RhM14 exhibiting the highest decrease (52 %) of nodulation. This constraint increased electrolyte leakage of nodules (40 %) as compared to leaves (20 %), especially for plants inoculated with RhM14 and CIAT899. Moreover, high H2O2 and malondialdehyde contents were noticed in P-deficient nodules of RhM14 and RhM11. These variations were associated with peroxidase activity stimulation in P-deficient nodules induced by CIAT899 and RhM14. In symbiosis with RIL115, these last strains exhibited the highest nodule phenol content. Overall, phenol content was mainly enhanced in P-deficient nodules (35 %) as compared to the leaves (16 %). It was concluded that the genotypes inoculated with CIAT899 and RhM11 are relatively P-deficiency tolerant combinations as compared to those inoculated with RhM14. Increase of oxidative stress in nodules rather than in leaves points to the need for further investigations of mechanisms that improve the root-nodule efficiency under adverse conditions. 相似文献
177.
Nadia Sokkar Omyma El-Gindi Sawsan Sayed Shaza Mohamed Zeinab Ali Iman Alfishawy 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2013,35(8):2421-2428
The phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of branches of Cotoneaster horizontalis, Decne revealed the presence of: β-carotene, ascorbic acid and less amounts of α-tocopherol and amygdalin (vitamin B17) in proportions of: 2,500, 70, 0.093, 0.334 mg 100 g?1, respectively. Acute oral toxicity test revealed its safety profile. In vitro study revealed its good 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and anticancer activities. Invivo study, simultaneous administration of this extract at a dose of 100 or 200 mg kg?1 body weight for 4 weeks, exhibited a significant protection in a dose-dependant manner against hepatotoxicity induced by repeated dose of acetaminophen (1 g kg?1 body weight day?1, p.o.) by preserving the liver function parameters, hepatic redox state and serum lipid profile near the healthy levels. Consequently, in vitro culture was carried out on full or half strength of Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyl amino purine or kinetin provided shootlets production; different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and naphthalene acetic acid showed an increase of callus. Determination of α-tocopherol and amygdalin in different shootlets and callus extracts showed a pronounced increases up to 30.62 and 3.69 mg 100 g?1 in shootlet extract, respectively as well as 26.61 and 12.71 mg 100 g?1 in callus extract, respectively, as compared with those of the mother plant (0.76 and 0.11 mg 100 g?1 extract, respectively). 相似文献
178.
Nèjia Farhat Mokded Rabhi Hanen Falleh Kawther Lengliz Abderrazak Smaoui Chedly Abdelly Mokhtar Lachaâl Najoua Karray-Bouraoui 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2013,35(9):2737-2745
In the present work, separate and combined effects of excessive potassium and magnesium deficiency on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) were studied. Four treatments were considered: C (control treatment: complete medium containing 1.5 mM Mg), +KCl (excessive potassium treatment: complete medium added with 60 mM KCl), ?Mg (Mg-deficient treatment: containing 0.1 mM Mg), and DS (double stress treatment: Mg-deficient medium (0.1 mM Mg) added with 60 mM KCl. Excessive potassium effect on plant growth was more pronounced than that of Mg deficiency. The two stresses impaired differently plant organs; KCl application affected more roots than shoots, whereas Mg deficiency reduced only leaf biomass. Gas exchange and pigment concentrations and patterns were severely impaired by KCl and mainly by interactive effects of the two stresses. This led to obvious lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Mg deficiency did not induce lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage, but as applied with excessive potassium, it doubled the effect of the latter. Mineral analyses showed that major cation nutrition was disturbed by KCl and combined stresses and at a lower level by magnesium deficiency. Plants did not show an enhanced selectivity of Mg and Ca over K but they improved their use efficiencies. 相似文献
179.
180.
Maxime Gommeaux Mohamed Barakat Gilles Montagnac Richard Christen François Guyot Thierry Heulin 《Geomicrobiology journal》2013,30(1):76-92
Mineralogy and microbiology of sand from Merzouga (Morocco) were simultaneously characterized, with the purpose of contributing to a better understanding of the geomicrobiology of deserts. In spite of very low measured bacterial biomass, bacterial diversity on each of the five defined mineralogical classes, was found high. An original grain by grain cultivation method enabled to obtain bacterial isolates with an unusually high recovery rate. The results of this study show that the genus Arthrobacter is well adapted to this environment with a preference for grains other than the dominant mineral quartz, and that the genera Chelatococcus and Saccharotrix are strongly attached to the grains. 相似文献