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161.
Mohamed Lahmam Abdeslam El M'rabet Ali Ouarour Paul Pévet Etienne Challet 《Chronobiology international》2013,30(6):882-904
Wheel‐running activity was recorded in Lemniscomys barbarus exposed to different lighting conditions. This rodent shows rhythmic locomotor activity under natural twilight‐light/dark (LD) as well as squared‐LD cycles. A mean of 77% of the activity occurred during the light phase. Under different controlled photoperiods, the quantity of daily locomotor activity was relatively stable except for a lower level in the shortest photoperiod tested (LD 06∶18). The duration of the active phase tended to increase with the duration of the light phase, especially in the longer photoperiods. Whatever the lighting conditions, Lemniscomys barbarus started running before lights‐on and stopped after lights‐off. The phase angle of activity offset relative to lights‐off was stable in each squared‐photoperiod, whereas the phase angle of activity onset relative to lights‐on was significantly the highest under the shortest photoperiods. Recording of activity under constant lighting conditions showed that the daily rhythm of locomotor activity is fundamentally circadian. The endogenous period was slightly<24 h (mean=23.8 h) in permanent darkness and>24 h (mean=24.5 h) in continuous light. Re‐entrainment of the locomotor activity rhythm after a 6 h phase advance or delay requires only four days on average. Moreover, the phase‐responses curve to a 30 min light pulse (200 lux) in Lemniscomys barbarus kept in constant dark reveals large phase shifts according to circadian times (CT). With CT0 being defined as the onset of daily activity, maximum phase delay and advance shifts were observed at CT11 (Δ Ψ=‐5.7 h±2.3 h) and CT21 (Δ Ψ =4.9±1.2 h), respectively. Interestingly, the phase‐response curve to light did not show any dead zone. Immunohistochemical staining of the suprachiasmatic nuclei indicates that arginine vasopressin‐immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers delimited a dorsal subregion that extends laterally and medially. The ventral subregion is rich in vasoactive intestinal peptide‐immunoreactive neurones overlapping a smaller area containing gastrin‐releasing peptide‐expressing cells and receives numerous fibers labeled with neuropeptide Y antibody. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that Lemniscomys barbarus is a diurnal species highly sensitive to the shifting effects of light. Overall, this rodent can be considered a new and interesting model for circadian rhythm neurobiology. 相似文献
162.
Souhir Soussou Stéphanie Mahieu Brigitte Brunel José Escarré Michel Lebrun Mohamed Banni Hamadi Boussetta Jean-Claude Cleyet-Marel 《Plant and Soil》2013,371(1-2):423-434
Aims
This work examines Zn accumulation in four Anthyllis vulneraria subspecies supplemented with mineral nitrogen or grown in the presence of their symbiotic bacteria.Methods
Anthyllis vulneraria subspecies were grown hydroponically in the presence of high levels of ZnSO4. The plants were either grown in symbiosis with one of two non-metallicolous or metallicolous Mesorhizobium inoculants or in the presence of KNO3.Results
When exposed to 1,000 μM Zn, shoot and root biomass of three out of our four Anthyllis subspecies cultivated with NO3 dropped significantly by about 24–28 %; carpatica, the fourth subspecies, was not affected. Subspecies carpatica Zn tolerance was confirmed when in symbiosis with the metallicolous strain. In the presence of 1,000 μM Zn, the different Anthyllis subspecies concentrated more Zn in their roots than in their shoots and only subsp. carpatica accumulated a significant amount of Zn in its shoots. The most remarkable feature was the drastic decrease in Zn concentration in both roots (up to 2.5–3 fold) and shoots (2.6-fold) of subsp. carpatica exposed to 1,000 μM Zn and nodulated whatever the Mesorhizobium strain used, compared to the N-grown plants.Conclusions
Our results bring new perspectives as regards phytostabilization, with the potential use of a rhizobium-inoculated leguminous subspecies displaying unusual Zn tolerance. 相似文献163.
Ekhlas Hamed Abdel-Hafeez Usama Salah Belal Manal Zaki Mohamed Abdellatif Koji Naoi Kazumi Norose 《The Korean journal of parasitology》2013,51(5):519-524
This study investigated the effect of breast-feeding in protection against protozoan infection in infants with persistent diarrhea. Infants were classified into 2 groups; 161 breast-fed infants and the same number of non-breast-fed infants. Microscopic examinations of stool were done for detection of parasites and measuring the intensity of infection. Moreover, serum levels of IgE and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar, Giardia lamblia, and Blastocystis sp. were demonstrated in infants with persistent diarrhea. The percentage of protozoan infections was significantly lower in breast-fed infants than that in the non-breast-fed infants. The levels of IgE and TNF-α were significantly lower in the breast-fed group than in the non-breast-fed group. There were significant positive associations between the serum levels of IgE and TNF-α and the intensity of parasite infection in the breast-fed group. It is suggested that breast-feeding has an attenuating effect on the rate and intensity of parasite infection. 相似文献
164.
Daniela Guicking Brigitte Fiala Tim Kröger‐Kilian Maryati Mohamed Kurt Weising 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2013,173(4):606-621
As a result of intensive exploitation, disturbed forests now dominate large areas of lowland tropical rainforest in South‐East Asia. The genus Macaranga comprises some of the most important pioneer tree species of the region, among them M. beccariana and M. hypoleuca, two closely related obligate ant‐plants pollinated by thrips. We used nuclear and plastid DNA markers to address questions of genetic diversity and population structure. Twelve plastid haplotypes were detected among 281 samples, three of which were shared between the two study species. Hybrids between the two species appear to be rare. Overall, genetic diversity in both species was moderate to high, with low levels of population differentiation, consistent with other tropical pioneer trees. Genetic structure was generally more pronounced in plastid than in nuclear data, indicating that gene flow via pollen may be more efficient than via seeds. Thrips apparently also serve as efficient pollinators over long distances, perhaps through a combination of passive dispersal by wind and active search for inflorescences in the target area. Our results indicate that M. beccariana and M. hypoleuca populations from recently disturbed habitats do not yet suffer from reduced genetic diversity or increased inbreeding. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 173 , 606–621. 相似文献
165.
Adnane Bargaz Mustapha Faghire Mohamed Farissi Jean-Jacques Drevon Cherki Ghoulam 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2013,35(5):1633-1644
One of the most adverse effects of phosphorus (P) deficiency on N2-fixing legumes is the generation of harmful active oxygen species which cause oxidative stress. And although oxidative stress has been widely studied in roots and shoots of various plant species, it has not yet sufficiently been documented in bean nodules so far. In this study, two recombinant inbred lines RIL115 (P-deficiency tolerant) and RIL147 (P-deficiency sensitive) of common bean and Concesa (local variety) were inoculated separately with the reference strain R. tropici CIAT899, RhM11 (R. gallicum) or RhM14 (R. tropici); two local strains of the Marrakesh region of Morocco. Nodulated plants were grown under semi-hydroponic conditions with sufficient or deficient P supply and analyzed for their oxidative responses at the flowering stage. The results indicated that P-deficiency decreased the growth of shoots (48 %) and nodules (32 %), particularly with RhM14 exhibiting the highest decrease (52 %) of nodulation. This constraint increased electrolyte leakage of nodules (40 %) as compared to leaves (20 %), especially for plants inoculated with RhM14 and CIAT899. Moreover, high H2O2 and malondialdehyde contents were noticed in P-deficient nodules of RhM14 and RhM11. These variations were associated with peroxidase activity stimulation in P-deficient nodules induced by CIAT899 and RhM14. In symbiosis with RIL115, these last strains exhibited the highest nodule phenol content. Overall, phenol content was mainly enhanced in P-deficient nodules (35 %) as compared to the leaves (16 %). It was concluded that the genotypes inoculated with CIAT899 and RhM11 are relatively P-deficiency tolerant combinations as compared to those inoculated with RhM14. Increase of oxidative stress in nodules rather than in leaves points to the need for further investigations of mechanisms that improve the root-nodule efficiency under adverse conditions. 相似文献
166.
Nadia Sokkar Omyma El-Gindi Sawsan Sayed Shaza Mohamed Zeinab Ali Iman Alfishawy 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2013,35(8):2421-2428
The phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of branches of Cotoneaster horizontalis, Decne revealed the presence of: β-carotene, ascorbic acid and less amounts of α-tocopherol and amygdalin (vitamin B17) in proportions of: 2,500, 70, 0.093, 0.334 mg 100 g?1, respectively. Acute oral toxicity test revealed its safety profile. In vitro study revealed its good 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and anticancer activities. Invivo study, simultaneous administration of this extract at a dose of 100 or 200 mg kg?1 body weight for 4 weeks, exhibited a significant protection in a dose-dependant manner against hepatotoxicity induced by repeated dose of acetaminophen (1 g kg?1 body weight day?1, p.o.) by preserving the liver function parameters, hepatic redox state and serum lipid profile near the healthy levels. Consequently, in vitro culture was carried out on full or half strength of Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyl amino purine or kinetin provided shootlets production; different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and naphthalene acetic acid showed an increase of callus. Determination of α-tocopherol and amygdalin in different shootlets and callus extracts showed a pronounced increases up to 30.62 and 3.69 mg 100 g?1 in shootlet extract, respectively as well as 26.61 and 12.71 mg 100 g?1 in callus extract, respectively, as compared with those of the mother plant (0.76 and 0.11 mg 100 g?1 extract, respectively). 相似文献
167.
168.
Maxime Gommeaux Mohamed Barakat Gilles Montagnac Richard Christen François Guyot Thierry Heulin 《Geomicrobiology journal》2013,30(1):76-92
Mineralogy and microbiology of sand from Merzouga (Morocco) were simultaneously characterized, with the purpose of contributing to a better understanding of the geomicrobiology of deserts. In spite of very low measured bacterial biomass, bacterial diversity on each of the five defined mineralogical classes, was found high. An original grain by grain cultivation method enabled to obtain bacterial isolates with an unusually high recovery rate. The results of this study show that the genus Arthrobacter is well adapted to this environment with a preference for grains other than the dominant mineral quartz, and that the genera Chelatococcus and Saccharotrix are strongly attached to the grains. 相似文献
169.
Aseel J. Marzoq Nathalia Giese J?rg D. Hoheisel Mohamed Saiel Saeed Alhamdani 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(45):32517-32527
Pancreatic stellate cells are key mediators in chronic pancreatitis and play a central role in the development of pancreatic fibrosis, stromal formation, and progression of pancreatic cancer. This study was aimed at investigating molecular changes at the level of the proteome that are associated with the activation of pancreatic stellate cells by proinflammatory factors, namely TNF-α, FGF2, IL6, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4). They were added individually to cells growing in serum-free medium next to controls in medium supplemented with serum, thus containing a mixture of them all, or in serum-free medium alone. Variations were detected by means of a microarray of 810 antibodies targeting relevant proteins. All tested factors triggered increased proliferation and migration. Further analysis showed that TNF-α is the prime factor responsible for the activation of pancreatic stellate cells. CCL4 is associated with cellular neovascularization, whereas FGF2 and IL6 induction led to better cellular survival and decreased apoptotic activity of the stellate cells. The identified direct effects of individual cytokines on human pancreatic stellate cells provide new insights about their contribution to pancreatic cancer promotion. 相似文献
170.
Hadhemi Kaddour Yosra Hamdi David Vaudry Magalie Basille Laurence Desrues Jérôme Leprince Hélène Castel Hubert Vaudry Marie‐Christine Tonon Mohamed Amri Olfa Masmoudi‐Kouki 《Journal of neurochemistry》2013,125(4):620-633
Oxidative stress, induced by various neurodegenerative diseases, initiates a cascade of events leading to apoptosis, and thus plays a critical role in neuronal injury. In this study, we have investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) on 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons (CGN). ODN, which is produced by astrocytes, is an endogenous ligand for both central‐type benzodiazepine receptors (CBR) and a metabotropic receptor. Incubation of neurons with subnanomolar concentrations of ODN (10?18 to 10?12 M) inhibited 6‐OHDA‐evoked cell death in a concentration‐dependent manner. The effect of ODN on neuronal survival was abrogated by the metabotropic receptor antagonist, cyclo1–8[DLeu5]OP, but not by a CBR antagonist. ODN stimulated polyphosphoinositide turnover and ERK phosphorylation in CGN. The protective effect of ODN against 6‐OHDA toxicity involved the phospholipase C/ERK MAPK transduction cascade. 6‐OHDA treatment induced an accumulation of reactive oxygen species, an increase of the expression of the pro‐apoptotic gene Bax, a drop of the mitochondrial membrane potential and a stimulation of caspase‐3 activity. Exposure of 6‐OHDA‐treated cells to ODN blocked all the deleterious effects of the toxin. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time that ODN is a neuroprotective agent that prevents 6‐OHDA‐induced oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. 相似文献