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71.
Kondo A Li W Nakagawa T Nakano M Koyama N Wang X Gu J Miyoshi E Taniguchi N 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2006,1764(12):1881-1889
Comprehensive analyses of proteins from cells and tissues are the most effective means of elucidating the expression patterns of individual disease-related proteins. On the other hand, the simultaneous separation and characterization of proteins by 1-DE or 2-DE followed by MS analysis are one of the fundamental approaches to proteomic analysis. However, these analyses do not permit the complete structural identification of glycans in glycoproteins or their structural characterization. Over half of all known proteins are glycosylated and glycan analyses of glycoproteins are requisite for fundamental proteomics studies. The analysis of glycan structural alterations in glycoproteins is becoming increasingly important in terms of biomarkers, quality control of glycoprotein drugs, and the development of new drugs. However, usual approach such as proteoglycomics, glycoproteomics and glycomics which characterizes and/or identifies sugar chains, provides some structural information, but it does not provide any information of functionality of sugar chains. Therefore, in order to elucidate the function of glycans, functional glycomics which identifies the target glycoproteins and characterizes functional roles of sugar chains represents a promising approach. In this review, we show examples of functional glycomics technique using alpha 1,6 fucosyltransferase gene (Fut8) in order to identify the target glycoprotein(s). This approach is based on glycan profiling by CE/MS and LC/MS followed by proteomic approaches, including 2-DE/1-DE and lectin blot techniques and identification of functional changes of sugar chains. 相似文献
72.
Yamanishi S Katsumura K Kobayashi T Puro DG 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2006,290(3):H925-H934
We tested the hypothesis that extracellular lactate regulates the function of pericyte-containing retinal microvessels. Although abluminally positioned pericytes appear to adjust capillary perfusion by contracting and relaxing, knowledge of the molecular signals that regulate the contractility of these mural cells is limited. Here, we focused on lactate because this metabolic product is in the retinal extracellular space under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In microvessels freshly isolated from the adult rat retina, we used perforated-patch pipettes to monitor ionic currents, fura-2 to measure calcium levels, and time-lapse photography to visualize changes in mural cell contractility and lumen diameter. During lactate exposure, pericyte calcium rose; these cells contracted, and lumens constricted. This contractile response appears to involve a cascade of events resulting in the inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs), the decreased of which function causes pericyte calcium to increase and contraction to be triggered. On the basis of our observation that gap junction uncouplers minimized the lactate-induced rise in pericyte calcium, we propose that the NCXs inhibited by lactate are predominately located in the endothelium. Indicative of the importance of endothelial/pericyte gap junctions, uncouplers of these junctions switched the pericyte response to lactate from contraction to relaxation. In addition, we observed that hypoxia, which closes microvascular gap junctions, also switched lactate's effect from vasocontraction to vasorelaxation. Thus the response of pericyte-containing retinal microvessels to extracellular lactate is metabolically modulated. The ability of lactate to serve as a vasoconstrictor when energy supplies are ample and a vasodilator under hypoxic conditions may be an efficient mechanism to link capillary function with local metabolic need. 相似文献
73.
Mishima T Ohkuri T Monji A Imoto T Ueda T 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2006,15(10):2448-2452
Reduced hen lysozyme has a residual structure involving long-range interaction. It has been demonstrated that a single mutation (A9G, W62G, W111G, or W123G) in the residual structure differently modulates the long-range interactions of reduced lysozyme. To examine whether such variations in the residual structure affect amyloid formation, reduced and alkylated mutant lysozymes were incubated under the amyloid-fibrillation condition. From the analyses of CD spectra and thioflavine T fluorescences, it was suggested that variation in residual structure led to different amyloid formation. Interestingly, the extent of amyloid formation did not always correlate with the extent to which the residual structure was maintained, resulting in the involvement of a hydrophobic cluster normally contained in W111 in the reduced lysozyme. 相似文献
74.
Qingbo Yuan Hiroki Saito Yutaka Okumoto Hiromo Inoue Hidetaka Nishida Takuji Tsukiyama Masayoshi Teraishi Takatoshi Tanisaka 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(4):675-684
A late heading-time mutant line, HS276, which was induced by gamma-irradiation of seeds of the japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety Gimbozu, exhibits an extremely long basic vegetative growth phase (BVP). A genetic analysis using the F2 population from the cross between HS276 and Gimbozu revealed that the late heading of HS276 is governed by a single recessive
mutant gene. The subsequent analysis on heading responses of HS276 and Gimbozu to four photoperiods (12, 13, 14, and 15 h)
and to the photoperiodic transfer treatment from a short photoperiod to a long photoperiod revealed that the mutant gene confers
an extremely long BVP and increases photoperiod sensitivity under long photoperiod (14 and 15 h). The BVP durations of HS276
and Gimbozu were estimated at 30.1 and 16.0 days, respectively; the mutant gene, compared with its wild type allele, elongates
the duration of BVP by 14 days. Linkage analysis showed that the mutant gene is located in the 129 kb region between the two
INDEL markers, INDELAP0399_6 and INDELAP3487_2, on the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 6. None of the other BVP
genes are located in this region; therefore, we declared this a newly detected mutant gene and designated it ef7. A recently established program to breed rice suitable for low latitudes, where short photoperiodic conditions continue throughout
the year, aims to develop varieties with extremely long BVPs and weak photoperiod sensitivities; the mutant gene ef7, therefore, will be quite useful in these programs because it confers an extremely long BVP and little enhances photoperiod
sensitivity under short photoperiod. 相似文献
75.
Yuki Monden Ken Naito Yutaka Okumoto Hiroki Saito Nobuhiko Oki Takuji Tsukiyama Osamu Ideta Tetsuya Nakazaki Susan R. Wessler Takatoshi Tanisaka 《DNA research》2009,16(2):131-140
Although quantitative traits loci (QTL) analysis has been widely performed to isolate agronomically important genes, it has been difficult to obtain molecular markers between individuals with similar phenotypes (assortative mating). Recently, the miniature inverted-repeat transposable element mPing was shown to be active in the japonica strain Gimbozu EG4 where it had accumulated more than 1000 copies. In contrast, most other japonicas, including Nipponbare, have 50 or fewer mPing insertions in their genome. In this study we have exploited the polymorphism of mPing insertion sites to generate 150 PCR markers in a cross between the closely related japonicas, Nipponbare × Gimbozu (EG4). These new markers were distributed in genic regions of the whole genome and showed significantly higher polymorphism (150 of 183) than all other molecular markers tested including short sequence repeat markers (46 of 661). In addition, we performed QTL analysis with these markers using recombinant inbred lines derived from Nipponbare × Gimbozu EG4, and successfully mapped a locus involved in heading date on the short arm of chromosome 6. Moreover, we could easily map two novel loci involved in the culm length on the short arms of chromosomes 3 and 10.Key words: Linkage mapping, Transposon, japonica, Oryza sativa L., QTL analysis 相似文献
76.
We investigated growth, N nutrition, and root respiration in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. grown under conditions with different N sources, and evaluated the advantages of NH4 + nutrition in relation to adaptation to anaerobic soil conditions. Hydroponics culture was carried out for 2 months under two treatment conditions with different N sources, NH4 + and NO3 ?. The relative growth rate (RGR) of the roots, shoot and whole plant, net N uptake rate (NNUR), and root respiration rate were examined. Shoot RGR, shoot to root (S/R) ratio, and NNUR were obviously higher with the NH4 + treatment. High S/R ratio of plants grown in the NH4 + treatment contributed to repression of whole-root oxygen consumption. In consequence, NNUR per root respiration rate was higher with the NH4 + treatment, which clearly suggested efficient oxygen consumption in the roots. In conclusion, higher S/R ratio due to higher NNUR enable to efficiently use oxygen for N nutrition through the repression of whole-root oxygen consumption, which is consequently achieved by NH4 + nutrition. Therefore, we suggest that NH4 + nutrition is indispensable for hydrophytic species growing in anaerobic soil because it enables both sufficient N nutrition and efficient oxygen consumption. 相似文献
77.
Phototropin and light-signaling in phototropism 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
78.
Fu X Korenaga T Fu L Xing Y Guo Z Matsushita T Hosokawa M Naiki H Baba S Kawata Y Ikeda S Ishihara T Mori M Higuchi K 《FEBS letters》2004,563(1-3):179-184
Preformed amyloid fibrils accelerate conformational changes of amyloid precursor proteins and result in rapid extension of amyloid fibrils in vitro. We injected various kinds of amyloid fibrils into mice with amyloidogenic apoAII gene (Apoa2(C)). The most severe amyloid depositions were detected in the tissues of mice injected with mouse AApoAII(C) amyloid fibrils. Mild amyloid depositions were also detected in the tissues of mice that were injected with other types of fibrils, including synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins. However, no amyloid depositions were found in mice that were injected with non-amyloid fibril proteins. These results demonstrated that a common structure of amyloid fibrils could serve as a seed for amyloid fibril formation in vivo. 相似文献
79.
Ozeki Y Chikagawa Y Kimura S Soh HC Maeda K Pornsiriwong W Kato M Akimoto H Oyanagi M Fukuda T Koda T Itoh Y Yamada A Davies E Ueno H Takeda J 《Journal of plant research》2003,116(2):155-159
Deletion mutants of the carrot phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene promoter were used to survey cis-elements for their effect on expression of promoter activity by transient expression. Two putative cis-elements were required to give full activity, but a third might be the most important in regulation of the promoter by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
80.
Roxithromycin (RXM), an anti-bacterial macrolide, has various immunomodulatory activities. To investigate the ability of RXM to downregulate skin-infiltration of T-lymphocytes, we examined the effects of RXM on keratinocyte production of chemokines and T cell expression of chemokine receptors. Normal human and HaCaT keratinocytes were cultured with RXM and stimulants. RXM at 1 or 10 microM significantly suppressed the production/expression of Th2 chemokines MDC and TARC in these keratinocytes, but the production of IP-10 was not affected. The effect of RXM on T-cell expression of the corresponding chemokine receptors was also tested in Th2-rich peripheral blood lymphocytes. The IL-2-enhanced expression level of Th2 chemokine receptor CCR4 was decreased by RXM at 10 microM, whereas the expression of CXCR3 was unchanged. Thus, RXM downmodulates both the production and receptor expression of Th2 but not Th1 chemokines involved in cutaneous immunity, suggesting its beneficial therapeutic effects on Th2-mediated or allergic skin disorders. 相似文献