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111.
Marija Cvijović Daniel Dalevi Elizabeth Bilsland Graham JL Kemp Per Sunnerhagen 《BMC bioinformatics》2007,8(1):295
Background
The translational efficiency of an mRNA can be modulated by upstream open reading frames (uORFs) present in certain genes. A uORF can attenuate translation of the main ORF by interfering with translational reinitiation at the main start codon. uORFs also occur by chance in the genome, in which case they do not have a regulatory role. Since the sequence determinants for functional uORFs are not understood, it is difficult to discriminate functional from spurious uORFs by sequence analysis. 相似文献112.
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We previously reported that applications of chloramphenicol to the chlorina wheat mutant, CD3, decreased the leaf Chl a/b ratio and enhanced accumulations of LHC proteins and LHC complexes during greening (Duysen et al. 1985). We have now examined Chl degradation and the change in Chl a/b ratios in wheat leaves kept in the dark as a measure of LHC destruction. Chl b was stable in chloroplasts of the CD3 wheat kept in darkness up to 5 days. Chloramphenicol significantly increased Chl b accumulations and impaired Chl a degradation in both CD3 mutant and normal wheat relative to untreated plants. Our Chl data suggest that the chloramphenicol induced accumulation of the LHC complex in the mutant wheat results from enhanced processing of LHC into the membrane rather than impairment of LHC degradation. The photosystem I (PSI) fraction of the CD3 wheat mutant was examined relative to that of normal wheat after 3 days greening. PSI was deficient in 25, 26, 26.5 kD LHCI protein in the mutant but both wheats accumulated low quantities of the 27–29 kD LHCII protein as detected by Western blot analysis. Chloramphenicol enhanced accumulations of several LHCI proteins primarily near 25 kD in the mutant and the 27–29 kD LHCII protein in normal wheat. The fluorescence emission and absorbance spectra suggest that chloramphenicol enhances accumulations of dissociated LHC in the PSI preparation of normal and CD3 mutant wheat.A contribution of North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Published with approval of the Director as Journal Paper Number 1563. 相似文献
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Experiments have explored the possible relationships between the flagellar surface motility of chlamydomonas, visualized as translocation of polystyrene beads by paralyzed (pf) mutants (Bloodgood, 1977, J. Cell Biol. 15:983-989), and the capacity of gametic flagella to participate in the mating reaction. While vegetative and gametic flagella bind beads with equal efficiencies and are capable of transporting them along entire flagellar lengths, beads on vegetative flagella are primarily associated with the proximal half of the flagella whereas those of gametic flagella exhibit no such preference. This difference may relate to the "tipping" response of gametes during sexual flagellar agglutination (Goodenough and Jurivich, 1978, J. Cell Biol. 79:680-693). Colchicine, vinblastine, chymotrypsin, cytochalasins B and D, and anti-β-tubulin antiserum are all able to inhibit the binding of beads to the flagellar suface. Trysin digestion and an antiserum directed against whole chlamydomonas flagella have no effect on the ability of flagella to bind beads, but the beads remain immobile. These results suggest that at least two flagellar activities participate in surface motility: (a) bead binding, which may involve a tubulin-like component at the flagellar surface; and (b) bead translocation, which may depend on a second component (e.g. an ATPase) of the flagellar surface. Surface motility is shown to be distinct from gametic adhesiveness per se, but it may participate in concentrating dispersed agglutinins, in driving them toward the flagellar tips, and/or in generating a signal-to-fuse from the flagellar tips to the cell body. Directly supporting these concepts is the observation that bound beads remain immobilized at the flagellar tips during the "tip-locking" stage of pf x pf matings, and the observation that bound ligands such as antibody fail to be tipped by trypsinized flagella. 相似文献