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The pulmonate snail Melampus bidentatus regenerates central nervous tracts following commissurotomy, connective transection, and cerebral ganglion ablation. Our goal was to determine whether or not neural regrowth within the central nervous system restored behaviors disrupted by lesions. One behavior that is disrupted by commissurotomy is retraction of facial structures that are contralateral to a stimulated facial region, a response that normally accompanies the ipsilateral retraction. Tentacle withdrawal on the side contralateral to stimulation reappeared on a timescale that was correlated with growth of a commissural link (8-19 days post-lesion). Electrophysiological recordings from a labial nerve pathway that has a contralateral component similar to the contralateral tentacle response showed that development or strengthening of an alternative pathway could also mediate contralateral responses. Thus, a major conclusion of this study was that both tract regeneration and changes in existing CNS pathways can underlie recovery. The percentage (approx. 75%) of snails that regenerate the cerebral commissure and show behavioral recovery is established early in the period following commissure transection. Behavioral recovery and anatomical evidence of regeneration were also correlated in the other two operations: single cerebral ganglion removal and unilateral cerebropleural and cerebropedal connective transection. We conclude that Melampus is able to regenerate neuronal connectivity that can restore normal behavior. 相似文献
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Human clinical and psychophysical observations suggest that the taste
system is able to compensate for losses in peripheral nerve input, since
patients do not commonly report decrements in whole mouth taste following
chorda tympani nerve damage or anesthesia. Indeed, neurophysiological data
from the rat nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) suggests that a release of
inhibition (disinhibition) may occur centrally following chorda tympani
nerve anesthesia. Our purpose was to study this possibility further. We
recorded from 59 multi- and single- unit taste-responsive sites in the rat
NST before, during and after recovery from chorda tympani nerve anesthesia.
During anesthesia, average anterior tongue responses were eliminated but no
compensatory increases in palatal or posterior tongue responses were
observed. However, six individual sites displayed increased taste
responsiveness during anesthesia. The average increase was 32.9%.
Therefore, disinhibition of taste responses was observed, but infrequently
and to a small degree in the NST At a subset of sites, chorda
tympani-mediated responses decreased while greater superficial
petrosal-mediated responses remained the same during anesthesia. Since this
effect was accompanied by a decrease in spontaneous activity, we propose
that taste compensation may result in part by a change in signal-to-noise
ratio at a subset of sites.
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