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1.
Keisuke Hanaki Tomonori Matsuo Michihiko Nagase 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》1981,23(7):1591-1610
The inhibitory effect of long-chain fatty acids on the anaerobic digestion process was examined in batch experiments using synthetic substrates. The addition of long-chain fatty acids caused the appearance of the appearance of the lag period in the methane production from acetate and in the degradation of both long-chain fatty acids and n-butyrate. Methane production from hydrogen proceeded without lag period although its rate was lowered. Fermentation of glucose was not inhibited. Neutral fat in the whole milk was easily hydrolyzed to long-chain fatty acids, which brought about the inhibition. The addition of calcium chloride reduced the inhibitory effect of long-chain fatty but it did not do so after the culture had been exposed to long-chain fatty acids for more than several hours. The addition of calcium carbonate could not reduce the inhibition because of its insolubility. 相似文献
2.
The axial ligations of nitrogenous bases to the five-coordinate chloro-meso-tetraphenylporphyrinatochromium(III) [Cr(III)(TPP)(Cl)] were studied in a non-coordinating solvent, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), by spectrophotometric methods. A correlation exists between log K for the axial ligation: and pKa for the N-donor ligand. This correlation suggests that ligand to metal σ bonding contributes to the complex formation, rather than does metal to ligand π back-donation. 相似文献
3.
T Ohzeki K Hanaki H Motozumi H Matsuda-Ohtahara N Ishitani K Shiraki 《Hormones et métabolisme》1992,24(10):484-487
Patients with the general type (patient #1 and #2) and the selective pituitary type (#3) of thyroid hormone refractoriness (TR) were studied to clarify defects at peripheral and pituitary receptors. Products of T3 and TSH (n = 63) were calculated when T3 was above the normal limit (T3 > 1.8 ng/ml, 2.8 nmol/l) as one of the indices of pituitary resistance. Means of T3 (ng/ml) x TSH (mU/l) of patient #1 (mean; 40.8), #2 (15.0) and #3 (8.6) were significantly greater than patients with Graves' disease (2.1), suggesting pituitary refractoriness in the 3 patients. The products of patient #1 and #2 were also significantly larger than patient #3, demonstrating that the pituitary insensitivity in the latter (#3) was less than the former patients. Means of serum cholesterol in patients #1 and #2 were higher than patient #3 and patients with Graves' disease. Products of T3 (ng/ml) and cholesterol (mg/ml) (n = 28) in the patient #1 (541.9) and #2 (461.0) were significantly greater than the patient #3 (292.8) and the patients with Graves' disease (275.3). The results demonstrate generalized refractoriness in the patient #1 and #2 and selective pituitary resistance in the patient #3. It is suggested that our patient with the pituitary type (#3) had less severely affected receptors at the pituitary than our two patients with the general type. These results are consistent with the previous hypothesis that the pituitary type of TR is a partial form of this disease. 相似文献
4.
Hasegawa M Fujimoto Y Lucas PC Nakano H Fukase K Núñez G Inohara N 《The EMBO journal》2008,27(2):373-383
Nod1 and Nod2 are intracellular proteins that are involved in host recognition of specific bacterial molecules and are genetically associated with several inflammatory diseases. Nod1 and Nod2 stimulation activates NF-kappaB through RICK, a caspase-recruitment domain-containing kinase. However, the mechanism by which RICK activates NF-kappaB in response to Nod1 and Nod2 stimulation is unknown. Here we show that RICK is conjugated with lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains at lysine 209 (K209) located in its kinase domain upon Nod1 or Nod2 stimulation and by induced oligomerization of RICK. Polyubiquitination of RICK at K209 was essential for RICK-mediated IKK activation and cytokine/chemokine secretion. However, RICK polyubiquitination did not require the kinase activity of RICK or alter the interaction of RICK with NEMO, a regulatory subunit of IkappaB kinase (IKK). Instead, polyubiquitination of RICK was found to mediate the recruitment of TAK1, a kinase that was found to be essential for Nod1-induced signaling. Thus, RICK polyubiquitination links TAK1 to IKK complexes, a critical step in Nod1/Nod2-mediated NF-kappaB activation. 相似文献
5.
6.
Kakiuchi C Ishiwata M Nanko S Kunugi H Minabe Y Nakamura K Mori N Fujii K Umekage T Tochigi M Kohda K Sasaki T Yamada K Yoshikawa T Kato T 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2005,336(4):1136-1143
Altered endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) response signaling is suggested in bipolar disorder. Previously, we preliminarily reported the genetic association of HSPA5 (GRP78/BiP) with bipolar disorder. Here, we extended our analysis by increasing the number of Japanese case-control samples and NIMH Genetics Initiative bipolar trio samples (NIMH trios), and also analyzed schizophrenia samples. In Japanese, nominally significant association of one haplotype was observed in extended samples of bipolar disorder but not in schizophrenia. In NIMH trios, no association was found in total samples. However, an exploratory analysis suggested that the other haplotype was significantly over-transmitted to probands only from the paternal side. The associated haplotype in Japanese or NIMH pedigrees shared three common polymorphisms in the promotor, which was found to alter promotor activity. These findings suggested promotor polymorphisms of HSPA5 may affect the interindividual variability of ER stress response and may confer a genetic risk factor for bipolar disorder. 相似文献
7.
Biodegradabilities of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc)- (1) and chitobiose-substituted (2) poly(vinyl alcohol)s (PVA)s in a soil suspension (pH 6.5) were investigated at 25 degrees C for 40 days. Biochemical oxygen demand of 1 with a degree of substitution of 0.2-0.3 (DP = 430-480) was higher than that of PVA under the degradation condition. Size exclusion chromatography, (1)H NMR, and Fourier-transform infrared measurements of the recovered sample indicated that biodegradation of the PVA main chain was accelerated by partial glycosidation of hydroxyl groups in PVA. Similar acceleration was observed in a PVA/GlcNAc (50:50, w/w) mixture. Microbes which relate with degradation of the glycosidated polymers were grown in a culture medium including the soil suspension and the polymer as the carbon source. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and IR measurements indicated that a cell-free extract derived from GlcNAc-substituted PVA was different from that in the PVA/GlcNAc mixture. The results suggested that the PVA main chain in GlcNAc-substituted PVA was cleaved by a different microorganism or via a mechanism different from that in the mixture. Chitobiose-substituted PVA 2 showed more enhanced acceleration, indicating that the sugar length influenced the degradability. 相似文献
8.
Junko Komura Ikumi Tamai Mizuho Senmaru Tetsuya Terasaki Yoshimichi Sai Akira Tsuji 《Journal of neurochemistry》1996,67(1):330-335
Abstract: The characteristics of β-alanine transport at the blood-brain barrier were studied by using primary cultured bovine brain capillary endothelial cells. Kinetic analysis of the β-[3 H]alanine transport indicated that the transporter for β-alanine functions with Kt of 25.3 ± 2.5 µ M and J max of 6.90 ± 0.48 nmol/30 min/mg of protein in the brain capillary endothelial cells. β-[3 H]Alanine uptake is mediated by an active transporter, because metabolic inhibitors (2,4-dinitrophenol and NaN3 ) and low temperature reduced the uptake significantly. Furthermore, the uptake of β-[3 H]alanine required Na+ and Cl− in the external medium. Stoichiometric analysis of the transport demonstrated that two sodium ions and one chloride ion are associated with one β-alanine molecule. The Na+ and Cl− -dependent uptake of β-[3 H]alanine was stimulated by a valinomycin-induced inside-negative K+ -diffusion potential. β-Amino acids (β-alanine, taurine, and hypotaurine) inhibited strongly the uptake of β-[3 H]alanine, whereas α- and γ-amino acids had little or no inhibitory effect. In ATP-depleted cells, the uptake of β-[3 H]alanine was stimulated by preloading of β-alanine or taurine but not l -leucine. These results show that β-alanine is taken up by brain capillary endothelial cells, via the secondary active transport mechanism that is common to β-amino acids. 相似文献
9.
An evolutionarily conserved P‐subfamily pentatricopeptide repeat protein is required to splice the plastid ndhA transcript in the moss Physcomitrella patens and Arabidopsis thaliana 下载免费PDF全文
10.