Effect of Feeding Millet (Sorghum vulgarie) Protein on Growth,Nucleic Acids and Proteins of Liver and Plasma of Rats

Effect of feeding millet (Sorghum vulgarie) at 5, 10 and 15 per cent protein levels respectively for a period of six weeks to rats on their liver DNA, RNA and proteins of liver, its subcellular fractions and plasma has been studied, and results compared with rats fed casein at 10 per cent level. Both liver DNA and RNA of rats fed millet at 5 per cent protein level were significantly increased. Liver proteins (mg/l00 g body weight) of rats fed millet at 5 and 10 per cent protein level were significantly increased and plasma proteins decreased. Incorporation of leucine-I-¹⁴C into both liver and plasma proteins of rats fed millet was significantly higher than the control.     

提莫菲维小麦与光稃野燕麦远缘杂交后代花粉母细胞减数分裂行为分析

通过普通细胞学和基因组原位杂交(GISH)研究提莫菲维小麦(Triticum timopheevi)与光稃野燕麦(Avena fatua L.var.glabrata Pat)远缘杂交后代花粉母细胞染色体减数分裂行为.结果表明,该R株系花粉母细胞的减数分裂指数为87.46,表现出一定的遗传不稳定性.GISH分析发现该F3株系中期I细胞中有4对红色杂交信号,且游离的单价体上各有1个杂交信号;后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ和末期Ⅱ出现落后染色体、染色体桥、微核等现象,分别占观察数的10.58％、1.92％和12.36％,这些异常现象可能是由于光稃野燕麦遗传物质干扰了小麦同源染色体或部分同源染色体的正常配对造成的.     

蓝藻胞外多糖的生态学意义及其工业应用

蓝藻能够合成胞外多糖并释放到细胞外围及周围环境中,这是其为适应复杂多变的环境而进化出的一种适应性机制.作为细胞与外界环境之间的保护性屏障,蓝藻胞外多糖可以起到抵抗干旱、紫外辐射、生物矿化和原生动物捕食等功能.蓝藻胞外多糖是一种酸性杂多糖,超过75％的多糖由6种以上单糖组成,葡萄糖是出现频率最高的单糖.胞外多糖的性质因种而异,多数蓝藻的胞外多糖呈现阴离子特性,这主要是由于糖醛酸和硫酸基团等带电基团的存在,硫酸基团同时也是多糖呈抗病毒特性的基础,而乙酰基团、缩氨酸部分及脱氧糖等疏水基团的存在使多糖呈乳化特性.因此,蓝藻胞外多糖在食品、化妆品、制药、污水处理等行业有广阔的应用前景.蓝藻胞外多糖的工业应用不仅能将水华蓝藻资源化,创造可观的经济效益,也能解决打捞蓝藻处置难题,避免随意堆放造成的二次污染.但截至目前,仍没有蓝藻胞外多糖类产品出现,理论研究与大批量工业生产之间仍然有很多技术性问题亟待解决.     

Does soil organic carbon quality or quantity govern relative temperature sensitivity in soil aggregates?

Soil aggregates govern soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. But, sparse understanding about the process leads to inaccuracy in predicting potential of soil to stabilize C in warming world. We appraised effects of 43 years of fertilization on relative temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition (Q₁₀) in soil aggregates to know whether SOC quality or quantity governs Q₁₀. Treatments were: fallow, control, 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (N), N and phosphorus (NP), N, P and potassium (NPK), and NPK + farmyard manure (FYM) (NPK + FYM). Macroaggregates, microaggregates and silt + clay (s + c) fractions were incubated for 16 weeks at 25, 35 and 45 °C, SOC quality (R₀) and Q₁₀ were computed. SOC mineralization from macro- and micro- aggregates were 34 and 28% higher than s + c across the treatments. The s + c fraction of NPK + FYM had ~ 41, 40 and 24% higher C decay rate than NPK plots at 25, 35 and 45 °C, respectively. For s + c fraction Q₁₀ increased over other aggregates. Mean Q₁₀ of s + c fraction was ~ 18.3 and 17.5% higher than macro and micro-aggregate-C, respectively. R₀ was the lowest for NPK + FYM, suggesting long-term manuring with balanced NPK significantly enhance recalcitrance of C. We observed Q₁₀ of macroaggregates and s + c fraction is controlled by C quality but C quantity governs Q₁₀ of microaggregates in Vertisol. Specifically, microaggregates of NPK + FYM were more temperature sensitive, and could be vulnerable to C loss. Hence, practices facilitating microaggregate formation should be avoided. Thus, we recommend manure application for facilitating C sequestration.

     

Phosphorylation of deinococcal RecA affects its structural and functional dynamics implicated for its roles in radioresistance of Deinococcus radiodurans

Abstract

Deinococcus RecA (DrRecA) protein is a key repair enzyme and contributes to efficient DNA repair of Deinococcus radiodurans. Phosphorylation of DrRecA at Y77 (tyrosine 77) and T318 (threonine 318) residues modifies the structural and conformational switching that impart the efficiency and activity of DrRecA. Dynamics comparisons of DrRecA with its phosphorylated analogues support the idea that phosphorylation of Y77 and T318 sites could change the dynamics and conformation plasticity of DrRecA. Furthermore, docking studies showed that phosphorylation increases the binding preference of DrRecA towards dATP versus ATP and for double-strand DNA versus single-strand DNA. This work supporting the idea that phosphorylation can modulate the crucial functions of this protein and having good concordance with the experimental data. Abbreviations DrRecA Deinococcus RecA

DSB DNA double-strand breaks

hDNA heteroduplex DNA

STYPK serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase

T318 threonine 318

Y77 tyrosine 77

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma     

响应面优化酶解—微波辅助提取桑叶多糖的工艺研究

采用响应面优化酶解——微波辅助法从桑叶中提取桑叶多糖的提取工艺。在单因素试验的基础上通过采用Box-Behnken方法,研究液固比、提取时间、提取温度对桑叶多糖提取率的影响。结果显示,拟合方程显著,最终确定桑叶多糖的最优提取条件为：酶含量2%、酶解pH6、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间20 min、液固比15 mL·g^-1、提取时间13 min、提取温度76℃,该条件下桑叶多糖的实际提取率为15.23%,与理论模拟值15.12%接近,建立的模型真实可靠。该方法用于提取桑叶中的多糖类成分,工艺简单、成本低,具有有较高的应用价值。     

不同剂量长托宁联合血液灌流在急性有机磷农药中毒中的应用效果观察

目的:研究不同剂量长托宁联合血液灌流在急性有机磷农药中毒中的应用效果。方法:选取急性有机磷农药中毒患者66例,随机分为A、B两组,每组33例。A组患者给予大剂量长托宁及血液灌流治疗,B组患者给予小剂量长托宁及血液灌流治疗。对比两组临床治疗效果及住院期间不良反应发生情况,对比两组治疗前后实验室指标变化。结果:A组治疗后意识恢复时间、中毒症状消失时间、胆碱酯酶(CHE)恢复时间、住院时间分别为(1.64±0.42)d、(4.84±1.25)d、(4.75±1.21)d、(5.43±1.88)d,显著少于B组的(2.10±0.82)d、(5.22±1.84)d、(5.67±1.92)d、(7.24±2.45)d(P0.05),且A组死亡率0.00%(0/33)显著低于B组的18.18%(6/33)(P0.05)。A组治疗后二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平分别为(38.71±1.44)mm Hg、(74.54±6.12)U/L、(24.45±3.57)U/L,显著低于B组治疗后的(42.43±2.45)mm Hg、(82.78±8.57)U/L、(30.12±5.75)U/L(P0.05),A组治疗后动脉血氧分压(PaO2)水平为(86.91±5.76)mm Hg,显著高于B组治疗后的(83.76±4.87)mm Hg(P0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率(18.18%VS 11.11%)对比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:与小剂量用药相比,大剂量长托宁联合血液灌流治疗急性有机磷农药中毒疗效更好,且用药安全。     

Convergent synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the O-antigen of the verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O176

A convergent synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen of the verotoxin producing E. coli O176 has been achieved in excellent yield adopting a [2+2] block glycosylation strategy. The β-D-mannosidic moiety of the tetrasaccharide was prepared from β-D-glucoside and α-D-galactosamine moiety was derived from D-galactal. The tetrasaccharide was synthesized as its 2-trimethylsilylethyl glycoside in excellent yield. All intermediate steps are high yielding.     

Glutamoyl diester of the dietary polyphenol curcumin offers improved protection against peroxynitrite-mediated nitrosative stress and damage of brain mitochondria in vitro: implications for Parkinson��s disease

Oxidative/nitrosative stress plays a crucial role in Parkinson's disease (PD) by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction. Nitrosative stress is mediated by reactive species such as peroxynitrite (PN) which could damage biomolecules thereby impinging on the cellular machinery. We observed that PN (0-1000 μM) inhibited brain mitochondrial complex I (CI) activity in a dose-dependent manner with concomitant tyrosine nitration of proteins. We also observed that exposure to PN at low concentrations (62.5-125 μM) significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and affected the mitochondrial integrity at higher doses (500-750 μM) as indicated by the mitochondrial swelling experiment. Therefore, it could be surmised that compounds that prevent such mitochondrial damage might have therapeutic value in neurological conditions such as PD. We previously showed that curcumin could detoxify PN and protect against CI inhibition and protein nitration. However, the therapeutic potential of curcumin is constrained by limited bioavailability. To address this issue and obtain improved antioxidants, three bioconjugates of curcumin (Di-demethylenated piperoyl, di-valinoyl and di-glutamoyl esters) were generated and tested against PN-mediated nitrosative stress and mitochondrial damage. We found that among the bioconjugates, the glutamoyl diester of curcumin showed improved protection against PN-dependent CI inhibition and protein nitration compared to other conjugates. Di-glutamoyl curcumin protected dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-mediated neuronal death. These effects were improved compared to curcumin alone suggesting that di-glutamoyl curcumin could be a better neuroprotective agent in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.     

Ligation of prostate cancer cell surface GRP78 activates a proproliferative and antiapoptotic feedback loop: a role for secreted prostate-specific antigen

GRP78, a well characterized chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum, is critical to the unfolded protein response. More recently, it has been identified on the cell surface, where it has many roles. On cancer cells, it functions as a signaling receptor coupled to proproliferative/antiapoptotic and promigratory mechanisms. In the current study, we demonstrate that ligation of prostate cancer cell surface GRP78 by its natural ligand, activated α(2)-macroglobulin (α(2)M*), results in a 2-3-fold up-regulation in the synthesis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The PSA is secreted into the medium as an active proteinase, where it binds to native α(2)M. The resultant α(2)M·PSA complexes bind to GRP78, causing a 1.5-2-fold increase in the activation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, S6K, and Akt, which is coupled with a 2-3-fold increase in DNA and protein synthesis. PSA is a marker for the progression of prostate cancer, but its mechanistic role in the disease is unclear. The present studies suggest that PSA may be involved in a signal transduction-dependent feedback loop, whereby it promotes a more aggressive behavior by human prostate cancer cells.