云南割手密血缘F1创新种质的因子和聚类分析

对70份云南割手密血缘F1创新种质材料8个农艺性状进行了因子和聚类分析,因子分析中8个公因子保留前3个公因子,其累计贡献率达79.35%。第1公因子中载荷值较大的是单产、含糖量、有效茎数、出苗率和分蘖率等性状;第2公因子中起主导作用的性状是茎径和株高两个产量因子;第3公因子只有11月理论蔗糖分起主导作用。以70份创新材料3个公因子的因子得分为指标,采用系统聚类中的最长距离法进行聚类分析。在遗传距离2.4处,参试材料被聚为10类,其中占参试材料总数50%的第Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅹ类材料,表现高产;占参试材料72.8%的第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ类材料,表现高糖,特别是其中占参试材料38.6%的Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ类材料,11月理论蔗糖分均高于12%;占参试材料总数38.6%的第Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ类材料,表现高产、高糖。本结果为有针对性地利用这些材料,培育高产、高糖创新亲本提供了科学依据。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者与健康人群肠道菌群差异性分析

目的 比较多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者与健康人群间肠道菌群的差异,为后续研究提供参考.方法 采用16SrDNA扩增子测序法对30例PCOS患者(PCOS组)和20例健康人(健康组)粪便标本中菌群结构进行分析,并比较两组之间的区别.结果 与健康组相比,PCOS组患者肠道菌群α多样性降低.PCOS组患者肠道厚壁菌门(Fi...     

Inhibition of superoxide dismutase by nitroprusside and electron spin resonance observations on the formation of a superoxide-mediated nitroprusside nitroxyl free radical

Nitroprusside appears to inhibit the known types of superoxide dismutases irrespective of their metal prosthetic group and regardless of the source from which the enzymes were isolated. Thus the copper-zinc enzyme from bovine erythrocyte or Neurospora crassa behaved identically as did the manganese enzymes from Escherichia coli or red alga and the iron enzyme from E. coli and a blue-green alga. The inhibition was dose dependent with a Ki = 2.5 X 10(-5) for nitroprusside. Nitroprusside does not bind to the copper moiety of copper-zinc enzyme and seems to compete with O2- for superoxide dismutase. These inhibitions by nitroprusside, which were elicited not only in purified enzymes but also in crude soluble extracts of biological samples, were rapidly reversible. Nitroprusside was found to react with O2- to form a paramagnetic species with three absorption lines of equal width with a separation AN = 15.0 G and a g value of 2.028. The spin adduct appears to be a nitroxide radical and was stable for several minutes.     

Penetration of soil aggregates of finite size

Summary Maximum penetrometer pressure was measured on artificial soil aggregates of finite size (2–29 mm) using blunt probes (total cone angle 60°) driven at 3 mm min⁻¹. Maximum penetrometer pressure increased asymptotically with increase in dimensionless aggregate radius,b/a, wherea andb are the probe and aggregate radii, respectively. A theory was developed for penetration of blunt probes into soil aggregates of finite size. The theory assumed that plastic failure occurs out to a radius,R, and that beyond this only elastic straining occurs. This theory can be applied to estimate the radial and tangential stresses adjacent to a blunt probe. The estimated radial and tangential stresses increased with increase in dimensionless aggregate radius,b/a. The radius of the plastic front,R, around the probe is predicted to increase with increased aggregate size. The results also demonstrate the effect of soil shear cohesion and internal friction angle onR. The results are discussed with reference to root penetration.     

地涌金莲MlCCD8b基因的克隆与表达分析

该研究以地涌金莲(黄色苞片型YN01和红色苞片型RD05)为材料,采用RACE技术克隆获得地涌金莲CCD8b基因的cDNA全长,进行氨基酸序列比对及系统进化树构建,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测MlCCD8b基因在不同地涌金莲类型和不同组织中的表达模式。结果表明：(1)序列分析显示,MlCCD8b的ORF全长1 671 bp,编码556个氨基酸,存在1个类胡萝卜素加氧酶家族的典型保守结构域RPE65,推测其相对分子量为61 574.26 Da,等电点6.61,亚细胞定位于叶绿体基质中的类囊体上,所编码的MlCCD8b蛋白为亲水性蛋白。(2)同源对比分析及构建系统进化树发现,地涌金莲MlCCD8b蛋白与小果野蕉亚种、凤梨等单子叶植物的CCD8b蛋白遗传关系最近。(3)荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,MlCCD8b在吸芽数量多的黄色苞片型YN01的所有组织中均有表达,而在吸芽数量少的红色苞片型RD05中,其苞片内未能检测到MlCCD8b的表达,但其他组织中皆有表达;MlCCD8b在2种类型地涌金莲中呈现一致的组织表达特异性,即在花序轴中的表达量最高,其次是吸芽芽点、根尖和叶片,在苞片中的表达量最低或不表达。(4)2种类型地涌金莲同一组织部位比较结果显示,RD05的花序轴、吸芽芽点、根尖和叶片中的MlCCD8b相对表达量分别是YN01的4.47、4.67、2.09和1.10倍。(5)利用高效液相色谱 串联质谱法测得RD05根尖部位的5 脱氧独脚金醇含量是YN01的15.57倍,与MlCCD8b在根尖的表达趋势一致。研究认为,MlCCD8b基因可能通过调控独角金内酯的合成,促进或抑制地涌金莲吸芽的萌生。该研究结果可为MlCCD8b基因的生物学功能研究提供依据,并为今后通过分子辅助育种调控MlCCD8b的表达,从而控制地涌金莲吸芽数量提供理论支持。     

黄芪汤对延缓C离子辐射致大鼠肾组织细胞凋亡的影响及相关机制

目的: 探讨黄芪汤抑制¹²C⁶⁺离子辐射脑模型鼠肾组织细胞凋亡的分子保护机制。方法: 50只SPF级Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组,单纯辐射模型组,黄芪汤(高、中、低剂量)组。正常对照组和单纯辐射模型组给予等体积生理盐水灌胃10 ml/(kg·d),黄芪汤治疗组分别灌胃给予黄芪汤18、9、4.5 g/(kg·d),连续给药2周。7 d后除正常对照组外,其余各组大鼠脑组织给予4Gy ¹²C⁶⁺离子束单次照射,辐射后第7日处死各组大鼠。HE染色法观察大鼠肾脏的病理形态变化,ELISA法检测大鼠血清IL-6的含量,实时荧光定量PCR法测定大鼠肾脏Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3的基因表达,免疫组化法检测大鼠肾脏Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3和NF-κB的蛋白表达。结果: 与正常对照组比较,单纯辐射模型组体重和肾脏指数均显著降低,血清IL-6的含量显著升高,肾脏Bcl-2的基因表达和蛋白表达均显著降低,Bax和Caspase-3的基因表达和蛋白表达均显著升高,NF-κB的蛋白表达也显著升高(P＜ 0.01),单纯辐射组肾小球系膜细胞明显增生,肾小管间质血管明显扩张充血,肾小管管腔狭窄、不规则。与单纯辐射模型组相比,黄芪汤高剂量组体重和肾脏指数均明显升高,黄芪汤各干预组肾脏Bcl-2的基因表达和蛋白表达均显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);而黄芪汤中、高剂量组Bax和Caspase-3的蛋白表达均显著降低,各干预组血清IL-6的含量显著降低,肾脏Bax和Caspase-3的基因表达均显著降低,肾脏NF-κB的蛋白表达显著下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),黄芪汤高剂量组可见肾小球系膜细胞增生情况明显改善,肾小管轮廓清晰。结论: 黄芪汤对¹²C⁶⁺离子辐射脑模型鼠的肾损伤具有一定的防护作用,其作用机制可能与调控Bcl-2/NF-κB信号通路有关。     

Effects of Different Ambient Temperatures on Caecal Microbial Composition in Broilers

Short-term or acute temperature stress affect the immune responses and alters the gut microbiota of broilers, but the influences of long-term temperature stress on stress biomarkers and the intestinal microbiota remains largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect of three long-term ambient temperatures (high (HC), medium (MC), and low (LC) temperature groups) on the gene expression of broilers’ heat shock proteins (Hsps) and inflammation – related genes, as well as the caecal microbial composition. The results revealed that Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels in HC group significantly increased, and levels of Hsp70, Hsp90, IL-6, TNF-α, and NFKB1 in LC group were significantly higher than in MC group (p < 0.05). In comparison with the MC group, the proportion of Firmicutes increased in HC and LC groups, while that of Bacteroidetes decreased in LC group at phylum level (p < 0.05). At genus level, the proportion of Escherichia/Shigella, Phascolarctobacterium, Parabacteroides,and Enterococcus increased in HC group; the fraction of Faecalibacterium was higher in LC group; and the percentage of Barnesiella and Alistipes decreased in both HC and LC groups (p < 0.05). Functional analysis based on communities’ phylogenetic investigation revealed that the pathways involved in environmental information processing and metabolism were enriched in the HC group. Those involved in cellular processes and signaling, metabolism, and gene regulation were enriched in LC group. Hence, we conclude that the long-term temperature stress can greatly alter the intestinal microbial communities in broilers and may further affect the host’s immunity and health.