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An Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell epitope present on A- and B-type transformants. 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
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In this report we describe a cytotoxic T-cell epitope in the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen EBNA 6. This epitope is present on both A- and B-type transformants. 相似文献
23.
Jeffrey D Peterson Timothy P LaBranche Kristine O Vasquez Sylvie Kossodo Michele Melton Randall Rader John T Listello Mark A Abrams Thomas P Misko 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(3):R105
Introduction
Standard measurements used to assess murine models of rheumatoid arthritis, notably paw thickness and clinical score, do not align well with certain aspects of disease severity as assessed by histopathology. We tested the hypothesis that non-invasive optical tomographic imaging of molecular biomarkers of inflammation and bone turnover would provide a superior quantitative readout and would discriminate between a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) and a non-DMARD treatment. 相似文献24.
The objective of the study was to examine salivary biomarker response to fluid consumption in exercising athletes. Exercise induces stress on the body and salivary alpha amylase (sAA) and salivary cortisol are useful biomarkers for activity in the sympathoadrenal medullary system and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis which are involved in the stress response. Fifteen college students were given 150 ml and 500 ml of water on different days and blinded to fluid condition. The exercise protocol was identical for both fluid conditions using absolute exercise intensities ranging from moderate to high. Saliva was collected prior to exercise, post moderate and post high intensities and analyzed by Salimetrics assays. Exercise was significant for sAA with values different between pre-exercise (85 ± 10 U · ml−1) and high intensity (284 ± 30 U · ml−1) as well as between moderate intensity (204 ± 32 U · ml−1) and high intensity. There was no difference in sAA values between fluid conditions at either intensity. Exercise intensity and fluid condition were each significant for cortisol. Cortisol values were different between pre-exercise (0.30 ± 0.03 ug · dL−1) and high intensity (0.45 ± 0.05 ug · dL−1) as well as between moderate intensity (0.33 ± 0.04 ug · dL−1) and high intensity. Moderate exercise intensity cortisol was lower in the 500 ml condition (0.33 ± 0.03 ug · dL−1) compared with the 150 ml condition (0.38 ± 0.03 ug · dL−1). This altered physiological response due to fluid consumption could influence sport performance and should be considered. In addition, future sport and exercise studies should control for fluid consumption. 相似文献
25.
The immunology of Epstein-Barr virus infection 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Moss DJ Burrows SR Silins SL Misko I Khanna R 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2001,356(1408):475-488
Epstein-Barr virus is a classic example of a persistent human virus that has caught the imagination of immunologists, virologists and oncologists because of the juxtaposition of a number of important properties. First, the ability of the virus to immortalize B lymphocytes in vitro has provided an antigen presenting cell in which all the latent antigens of the virus are displayed and are available for systematic study. Second, the virus presents an ideal system for studying the immune parameters that maintain latency and the consequences of disturbing this cell-virus relationship. Third, this wealth of immunological background has provided a platform for elucidating the role of the immune system in protection from viral-associated malignancies of B cell and epithelial cell origin. Finally, attention is now being directed towards the development of vaccine formulations which might have broad application in the control of human malignancies. 相似文献
26.
Regier JC; Fang QQ; Mitter C; Peigler RS; Friedlander TP; Solis MA 《Molecular biology and evolution》1998,15(9):1172-1182
Evolution and phylogenetic utility of the period gene are explored through
sequence analysis of a relatively conserved 909-bp fragment in 26
lepidopteran species. Taxa range from tribes to superfamilies, primarily
within the putative clade Macrolepidotera plus near outgroups, and include
both strongly established and problematic groupings. Their divergence dates
probably range from the late Cretaceous through much of the Tertiary.
Comparisons within the same set of closely related species show that amino
acid substitutions in period occur 4.9 and 44 times as frequently as they
do in two other nuclear genes--dopa decarboxylase and elongation factor-1
alpha, respectively. In contrast, rates of observed synonymous substitution
are within 60% of each other for these three genes. Synonymous changes in
period approach saturation by the family level, whereas nonsynonymous and
amino acid divergences across the Macrolepidoptera are less than half the
maximal values reported for this gene. Phylogenetic analyses of period
strongly supported groupings at the family level and below. In contrast to
previous analyses at this level with other nuclear genes, much of the
information lies in nonsynonymous change. Relationships up to the
superfamily level were recovered with decreasing effectiveness, and little,
if any, signal was apparent regarding relationships among superfamilies.
This could reflect rapid radiation of the superfamilies, however, rather
than saturation in the period locus; thus, period, in combination with
other genes, remains a plausible candidate for approaching the difficult
problems of lepidopteran family and superfamily relationships.
相似文献
27.
The plasmalemma and hyaline ectoplasm together constitute the sensory and motor organ of macrophages. The purpose of this study was to isolate this cell fraction in order to analyze it biochemically and functionally. Brief sonification of warmed rabbit lung macrophages caused release of heterodisperse hyaline blebs and filopodia, which were easily collected by differential centrifugation. Viewed in the electron microscope, these structures consisted of membrane-bounded sacs principally containing actin filaments. Some contained secondary lysosomes. They were enriched threefold over whole cell homogenates in specific adenylate cyclase activity and in trichloroacetic-acid-precipitable (125)I when derived from cells labeled with 125(I) by means of a lactoperoxidase-catalyzed reaction. These markers were found to have identical isopycnic densitites when macrophage homogenates were subjected to sedimentation in a focusing sucrose density gradient system, and these markers had densities distinct from those of other cytoplasmic organelles. These markers were therefore assumed to be associated with macrophage plasma membranes. The specific β- glucuronidase activity of the bleb fraction was similar to that of homogenates, but the blebs had considerably lower specific succinic dehydrogenase activity and RNA content, and DNA was undetectable. Electrophoresis of blebs solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate on polyacrylamide gels revealed polypeptides co-migrating with macrophage actin-binding protein, myosin, and actin; blebs also had EDTA-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity characteristic of myosin. The concentrations of actin-binding protein and myosin were higher in blebs than in cells or cytoplasmic extracts, whereas actin concentrations were similar (relative to extracts) or only slightly greater (than in cells). Blebs and intact cells had high lactate dehydrogenase activities in the presence but not the absence of Triton X-100. Blebs and cells oxidased 1-[(14)C]glucose, and the rate of glucose oxidation was increased substantially in the presence of latex beads. We conclude that intact sacs of plasmalemma encasing contractile proteins and cytoplasmic enzymes can be isolated from macrophages. They are enriched in myosin and actin-binding protein, indicating that the contractile apparatus is regulated in the cell periphery. These structures have the capacity to respond to environmental signals. We suggest the name "podosomes" for them because of their resemblance to macrophage pseudopodia. We propose that podosome formation results from rapid dissolution of the cortical gel when the membrane is in an actively extended configuration. 相似文献
28.
K. A. O. Ellem Michael G. E. O’Rourke Gregory R. Johnson Gordon Parry Ihor S. Misko Christopher W. Schmidt Peter G. Parsons Scott R. Burrows Simone Cross Andrew Fell Chung-Leung Li John R. Bell Philip J. Dubois Denis J. Moss Michael F. Good Anne Kelso Lawrence K. Cohen Glenn Dranoff Richard C. Mulligan 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1997,44(1):10-20
The first use of granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor-transduced, lethally irradiated, autologous melanoma cells
as a therapeutic vaccine in a patient with rapidly progressive, widely disseminated malignant melanoma resulted in the generation
of a novel antitumour immune response associated with partial, albeit temporary, clinical benefit. An initially negative reaction
to non-transduced, autologous melanoma cells was converted to a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction of increasing
magnitude following successive vaccinations. While intradermal vaccine sites showed prominent dendritic cell accrual, DTH
sites revealed a striking influx of eosinophils in addition to activated/memory T lymphocytes and macrophages, recalling the
histology of challenge tumour cell rejection in immune mice. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) reactive with autologous melanoma
cells were detectable at high frequency after vaccination, not only in limiting-dilution analysis, but also in bulk culture
without added cytokines. Clonal analysis of CTL showed a conversion from a purely CD8+ response to a high proportion of CD4+ clones following vaccination. A prominent acute-phase response manifested by a five- to tenfold increase in C-reactive protein
was observed, as was a systemic eosinophilia. Vaccination resulted in the regression of axillary lymphatic metastases, stabilisation
of pulmonary metastases, and a dramatic, reversible increase in cerebral oedema associated with multiple central nervous system
metastases; however, lesions in the adrenal glands, pancreas and spleen proved refractory. The antitumour effects and immune
response were not detectable 2 months following the last vaccination. Irradiation of the extensive cerebral metastases resulted
in rapid deterioration and death of the patient.
Received: 20 September 1996 / Accepted: 5 December 1996 相似文献
29.
We report on a major update (version 2) of the original SHort Read Mapping Program (SHRiMP). SHRiMP2 primarily targets mapping sensitivity, and is able to achieve high accuracy at a very reasonable speed. SHRiMP2 supports both letter space and color space (AB/SOLiD) reads, enables for direct alignment of paired reads and uses parallel computation to fully utilize multi-core architectures. AVAILABILITY: SHRiMP2 executables and source code are freely available at: http://compbio.cs.toronto.edu/shrimp/. 相似文献
30.
A nuclear gene for higher level phylogenetics: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase tracks mesozoic-age divergences within Lepidoptera (Insecta) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The sequence of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) has been
previously identified as a promising candidate for reconstructing
Mesozoic-age divergences (Friedlander, Regier, and Mitter 1992, 1994). To
test this hypothesis more rigorously, 597 nucleotides of aligned PEPCK
coding sequence (approximately 30% of the coding region) were generated
from 18 species representing Mesozoic-age lineages of moths (Insecta:
Lepidoptera) and outgroup taxa. Relationships among basal Lepidoptera are
well established by morphological analysis, providing a strong test for the
utility of a gene which has not previously been used in systematics.
Parsimony and other phylogenetic analyses were conducted on nucleotides by
codon positions (nt1, nt2, nt3) separately and in combination, and on amino
acids, for comparison to the test phylogeny. The highest concordance was
achieved with nt1 + nt2, for which one of two most-parsimonious trees was
identical to the test phylogeny, and with all nucleotides when nt3 was
down-weighted sevenfold or higher, for which a single most-parsimonious
tree identical to the test phylogeny resulted. Substitutions in nt3
approached saturation in many, but not all, pairwise comparisons and their
exclusion or severe downweighting greatly increased the degree of
concordance with the test phylogeny. Neighbor-joining analysis confirms
this finding. The utility of PEPCK for phylogenetics is demonstrated over a
time span for which few other suitable genes are currently available.
相似文献