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排序方式: 共有97条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Mirte Bosse Hendrik-Jan Megens Ole Madsen Yogesh Paudel Laurent A. F. Frantz Lawrence B. Schook Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans Martien A. M. Groenen 《PLoS genetics》2012,8(11)
Inbreeding has long been recognized as a primary cause of fitness reduction in both wild and domesticated populations. Consanguineous matings cause inheritance of haplotypes that are identical by descent (IBD) and result in homozygous stretches along the genome of the offspring. Size and position of regions of homozygosity (ROHs) are expected to correlate with genomic features such as GC content and recombination rate, but also direction of selection. Thus, ROHs should be non-randomly distributed across the genome. Therefore, demographic history may not fully predict the effects of inbreeding. The porcine genome has a relatively heterogeneous distribution of recombination rate, making Sus scrofa an excellent model to study the influence of both recombination landscape and demography on genomic variation. This study utilizes next-generation sequencing data for the analysis of genomic ROH patterns, using a comparative sliding window approach. We present an in-depth study of genomic variation based on three different parameters: nucleotide diversity outside ROHs, the number of ROHs in the genome, and the average ROH size. We identified an abundance of ROHs in all genomes of multiple pigs from commercial breeds and wild populations from Eurasia. Size and number of ROHs are in agreement with known demography of the populations, with population bottlenecks highly increasing ROH occurrence. Nucleotide diversity outside ROHs is high in populations derived from a large ancient population, regardless of current population size. In addition, we show an unequal genomic ROH distribution, with strong correlations of ROH size and abundance with recombination rate and GC content. Global gene content does not correlate with ROH frequency, but some ROH hotspots do contain positive selected genes in commercial lines and wild populations. This study highlights the importance of the influence of demography and recombination on homozygosity in the genome to understand the effects of inbreeding. 相似文献
93.
94.
Ian B. Hogue Jens B. Bosse Jiun-Ruey Hu Stephan Y. Thiberge Lynn W. Enquist 《PLoS pathogens》2014,10(12)
Egress of newly assembled herpesvirus particles from infected cells is a highly dynamic process involving the host secretory pathway working in concert with viral components. To elucidate the location, dynamics, and molecular mechanisms of alpha herpesvirus egress, we developed a live-cell fluorescence microscopy method to visualize the final transport and exocytosis of pseudorabies virus (PRV) particles in non-polarized epithelial cells. This method is based on total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to selectively image fluorescent virus particles near the plasma membrane, and takes advantage of a virus-encoded pH-sensitive probe to visualize the precise moment and location of particle exocytosis. We performed single-particle tracking and mean squared displacement analysis to characterize particle motion, and imaged a panel of cellular proteins to identify those spatially and dynamically associated with viral exocytosis. Based on our data, individual virus particles travel to the plasma membrane inside small, acidified secretory vesicles. Rab GTPases, Rab6a, Rab8a, and Rab11a, key regulators of the plasma membrane-directed secretory pathway, are present on the virus secretory vesicle. These vesicles undergo fast, directional transport directly to the site of exocytosis, which is most frequently near patches of LL5β, part of a complex that anchors microtubules to the plasma membrane. Vesicles are tightly docked at the site of exocytosis for several seconds, and membrane fusion occurs, displacing the virion a small distance across the plasma membrane. After exocytosis, particles remain tightly confined on the outer cell surface. Based on recent reports in the cell biological and alpha herpesvirus literature, combined with our spatial and dynamic data on viral egress, we propose an integrated model that links together the intracellular transport pathways and exocytosis mechanisms that mediate alpha herpesvirus egress. 相似文献
95.
Glycine oxidation in mitochondria isolated from light grown and etiolated plant tissue 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mitochondria were isolated from light grown and dark grown monocotyledonous (wheat- Triticum aestivum and barley- Hordeum vulgare ) and dicotyledonous (pea- Pisum sativum ) plants and their capacity to oxidize glycine was measured. In all of the studied plant species the rate of mitochondrial glycine oxidation was high in light grown leaves. Glycine oxidation in mitochondria from etiolated leaves was also very substantial; the rate of glycine oxidation relative to the oxidation of other substrates was about half as compared to green tissue. In etiolated non-photosynthetic tissues the relative glycine oxidation was only ca 20% of that measured in green leaves. The effect of light on the development of glycine oxidation capacity was studied using etiolated barley which was transferred to light for 6 to 24 h. During this time the rate of glycine oxidation as compared to the oxidation of NADH and malate increased, approaching the ratio observed in light grown leaves. It is concluded that the synthesis of proteins involved in glycine oxidation is regulated both in a light dependent and in a tissue specific manner. Monocotyledonous plants should be very useful for further studies of this aspect due to the relatively small developmental difference between etiolated and light grown leaf tissue. 相似文献
96.
Lars-Göran Sundblad Göran Samuelsson Bosse Wigge Per Gardeström 《Photosynthesis research》1990,23(3):269-282
Two green algal species, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Scenedesmus obliquus, exhibited a relative maximum during the decay of luminescence, when adapted to low CO2 conditions that was not observed in high CO2 adapted cells.From the kinetics of transient changes in the level of dark fluorescence, after illumination and parallel to the luminescence maxima, it was concluded that the maximum in Scenedesmus was mainly related to a decrease in nonphotochemical quenching, whereas in Chlamydomonas the maximum was mainly related to a dark reduction of the primary PS II acceptor QA.ATP/ADP ratios from low CO2 adapted Scenedesmus showed transient high levels after a dark/light transition that was not observed in high CO2 adapted cells. After 30 s of illumination the ATP/ADP ratios however stabilized at the same steady state level as in high CO2 adapted cells.Dark addition of HCO3
- to low CO2 adapted cells of Chlamydomonas resulted in a rapid transient quenching of luminescence that was not observed in low CO2 adapted cells of neither species.It is concluded that the luminescence maxima present in both low CO2 adapted Scenedesmus and Chlamydomonas reflect adaptation of the cells to low CO2 conditions. It is further suggested that the difference in mechanistic origin of luminescence maxima in the two species reflects differences in adaptation.Abbreviations ADP
adenosine-diphosphate
- ATP
adenosine-triphosphate
- Ci
inorganic carbon
- FD
dark fluorescence recorded under dark adapted conditions
- F0
fluorescence with all reaction centers open
- FV
variable fluorescence
- PS I
photosystem I
- PS II
photosystem II
- QA
the first quinone acceptor of PS II 相似文献
97.
Michael Hamacher Ulrich Pippirs Angelika Köhler Hans Werner Müller Frank Bosse 《Mammalian genome》2001,12(12):933-937
Plasmolipin is a membrane protein and belongs to the tetraspan molecule (4TM) family, an expanding group of myelin proteins
many of which could be linked to human hereditary demyelinating neuropathies. We have cloned and sequenced the mouse plasmolipin
gene, revealing the common organization of the 4TM gene group with four exons and a large first intron. Western blot analysis
with an antibody raised against the C-terminal intracellular part of the protein showed that plasmolipin is expressed not
only in the nervous system and kidney, but also in a number of other tissues such as thymus, testis, lung, and thyroid gland.
By means of radiation hybrid mapping and FISH analysis, we could localize the human plasmolipin gene to Chromosome 16q13 within
the putative region of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 2 (BBS2) gene locus. BBS2 is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous
group of disorders resulting in rod-cone dystrophy, obesity, postaxial polydactyly, renal dysfunction, and mental retardation,
which were very recently associated with a novel gene designated BBS2. With respect to intrafamiliar variations in the manifestation
of BBS, we suggest that plasmolipin might be either another candidate gene or a modifier of the BBS2 phenotype.
Received: 19 April 2001 / Accepted: 23 July 2001 相似文献