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11.
An instrumentation and automation system for a side-vented pan coater with a novel air-flow rate measurement system for monitoring
the film-coating process of tablets was designed and tested. The instrumented coating system was tested and validated by film-coating
over 20 pilot-scale batches of tablets with aqueous-based hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Thirteen different process
parameters were continuously measured and monitored, and the most significant ones were logged for analysis. Laser profilometry
was used to measure the surface roughness of the coated tablets. The instrumentation system provided comprehensive and quantitative
information on the process parameters monitored. The measured process parameters and the responses of the film-coated tablet
batches showed that the coating process is reproducible. The inlet air-flow rate influenced the coating process and the subsequent
quality of the coated tablets. Increasing the inlet flow rate accelerated the drying of the tablet surface. At high inlet
flow rate, obvious film-coating defects (ie, unacceptable surface roughness of the coated tablets) were observed and the loss
of coating material increased. The instrumented and automated pancoating system described, including historical data storage
capability and a novel air-flow measurement system, is a useful tool for controlling and characterizing the tablet film-coating
process. Monitoring of critical process parameters increases the overall coating process efficiency and predictability. 相似文献
12.
Breitenstein A Saano A Salkinoja-Salonen M Andreesen JR Lechner U 《Archives of microbiology》2001,175(2):133-142
An anaerobic, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol ortho-dehalogenating mixed culture was enriched from sediment of the river Saale (Germany). Two isolated dechlorinating colonies (MK1 and MK2) consisted of rods of different lengths and thicknesses, indicating heterogeneity. Following subcultivation with thiosulfate as alternative electron acceptor and cocultivation with Clostridium celerecrescensT, the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol-dehalogenating bacterium Desulfitobacterium frappieri strain TCP-A was isolated and characterized regarding its taxonomic properties and the spectrum of chlorophenols that it dehalogenated. Four other bacterial strains were coenriched and identified as organisms with closest phylogenetic relatedness to the Clostridium type strains C. indolis, C. glycolicum, C. hydroxybenzoicum and C. sporosphaeroides (16S rDNA sequence identities of 99.5, 99.2, 94.4, and 93.5%, respectively). Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis of the original dehalogenating cultures MK1 and MK2 (when not exposed to thiosulfate) confirmed the microbial heterogeneity and revealed the presence of two additional species related to the type strains of C. celerecrescens and Clostridium propionicum. Only one copy of the 16S rRNA genes of Desulfitobacterium frappieri in each of the clone libraries of MK1 and MK2 (containing 136 and 56 clones, respectively) was found by dot-blot hybridization, suggesting a relatively low number of the dehalogenating bacterium within the enrichment culture. 相似文献
13.
Johansson T Ahola-Luttila H Pirhonen T Taimisto A Haario H Laine M Salkinoja-Salonen M 《Journal of applied microbiology》2000,88(5):870-876
In comparison with standard methods, enrichment in half-Fraser broth for 24 h at 30 degrees C, followed by plating out onto Listeria monocytogenes blood agar (LMBA) and PALCAM medium combined with an additional streak proved to be the most rapid and specific method for the detection of indigenous L. monocytogenes populations from soft mould-ripened cheese. This procedure, with a high sensitivity (93%) and a low detection limit (1-10 cfu 25 g-1), provided negative and presumptive positive results within 2-3 d. Differences between LMBA, PALCAM and Oxford medium turned out to be highly significant (at 99% significance level); plating on LMBA after standard enrichment protocols giving the best overall results. An improvement in detection was also obtained by modifying the confirmation procedure. A loopful of culture (an additional streak) from PALCAM or Oxford medium was streaked on non-selective medium in addition to streaking only separate colonies as specified in the standards. 相似文献
14.
Humus bacteria of Norway spruce stands: plant growth promoting properties and birch, red fescue and alder colonizing capacity 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Elo S Maunuksela L Salkinoja-Salonen M Smolander A Haahtela K 《FEMS microbiology ecology》2000,31(2):143-152
We studied the potential of the humus layer of the Norway spruce stands to supply beneficial rhizobacteria to birch (Betula pendula), alder (Alnus incana) and fescue grass (Festuca rubra), representatives of pioneer vegetation after clear-cutting of the coniferous forest. Axenically grown seedlings of these species were inoculated with the acid spruce humus, pH 3.7-5.3. Actinorhizal propagules, capable of nodulating alder, were present in high density (10(3) g(-1)) in humus of long-term limed plots, whereas plots with nitrogen fertilization contained almost none (=10 g(-1)). The genera most frequently found in the humus were Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Arthrobacter, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas, independently of prior liming or fertilization of the plots. The taxa found in the seedling roots differed from that in humus by the prevalence of the Gram-negative genera Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes and Comamonas. Enrichment cultures of the roots on nitrogen-free media yielded Paenibacillus and Rhodococcus species. Nitrogen-fixing R. erythropolis and a novel Paenibacillus, closest by full sequence of 16S rDNA to P. durus, represented new classes of nitrogen-fixing rhizosphere bacteria. In addition, nitrogen-fixing R. fascians was found in the humus. The rhizoflora and humus contained high proportions of bacteria antagonistic towards plant pathogenic Rhizoctonia sp., Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium culmorum. The antagonistic isolates also commonly produced siderophores and/or cell wall degrading enzymes. 相似文献
15.
E. Kostyál M. Borsányi L. Rigottier-Gois M. S. Salkinoja-Salonen 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1998,50(5):612-622
The dechlorinating and genotoxicity-removing activities of nitrifying fluidized-bed reactor biomass towards chlorinated organic
compounds in water were shown at level below 1 ppm. The removal rates of adsorbable organic halogens were 200 μg Cl (g VS
day)−1 for chlorinated humic ground water and 50 μyg Cl (g VS day)−1 for chlorinated lake water when studied in batch mode. In a sequenced batch mode the removal rates μg Cl (g VS day)−1] were 2000 from chlorohumus, 1400–1800 from chlorophenols in chlorinated ground water, and 430–720 from chlorohumus in chlorinated
lake water. Genotoxicity was removed to a large extent (60%–80%) from the chlorinated waters upon incubation with nitrifying
reactor biomass. 2,6-Di-, 2,4,6-tri and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenols competed with chlorinated water organohalogens for dechlorination.
The dechlorination of chlorophenols and chlorohumus required no ammonia and was not prevented by inhibitors of ammonia oxidation,
nitrapyrin, parathion, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, or allylthiourea. Electron microscopical inspection of the biomass showed
the dominance of clusters of bacteria resembling known nitrifying species, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, and Nitrosospira. This was supported by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the biomass DNA with four different primers, revealing
the presence of 16S rDNA sequences assignable to the same species. The most intensive band obtained with the Nitroso4E primer
was shown to be closely related to Nitrosomonas europaea by restriction analysis.
Received: 27 March 1998 / Received revision: 30 July 1998 / Accepted: 31 July 1998 相似文献
16.
Christina Liedert Jörg Bernhardt Dirk Albrecht Birgit Voigt Michael Hecker Mirja Salkinoja‐Salonen Peter Neubauer 《Proteomics》2010,10(3):555-563
2‐DE reference maps for Deinococcus geothermalis cytosolic and cell envelope proteomes were constructed. In total, 403 spots were identified as 299 different proteins. Unique in the proteomes were four subunits of V‐type ATPase and Deinococcus specific proteins constituting one‐fourth of cell envelope proteome. The cytoplasmic proteome included enzymes of the central carbon metabolism, chaperones, enzymes of protein and DNA repair, and oxidative stress. A total of 34 abundant proteins with unknown function may relate to the extreme stress tolerance of D. geothermalis. 相似文献
17.
Teplova VV Tonshin AA Grigoriev PA Saris NE Salkinoja-Salonen MS 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》2007,39(4):321-329
Novel activities of bafilomycin A1, a macrolide antibiotic known as an inhibitor of V-ATPases, were discovered. Bafilomycin
A1 induced uptake of potassium ions by energized mitochondria and caused mitochondrial swelling, loss of membrane potential,
uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of the maximal respiration rates, and induced pyridine nucleotide oxidation.
The mitochondrial effects provoked by nanomolar concentrations of bafilomycin A1 were connected to its activity as a potent,
K+-specific ionophore. The K+ ionophoric activity of bafilomycin A1 was observed also in black lipid membranes, indicating that it was an inherent property
of the bafilomycin A1 molecule. It was found that bafilomycin A1 is a K+ carrier but not a channel former. Bafilomycin A1 is the first and currently unique macrolide antibiotic with K+ ionophoric properties. The novel properties of bafilomycin A1 may explain some of the biological effects of this plecomacrolide
antibiotic, independent of V-ATPase inhibition. 相似文献
18.
K(ATP)-dependent neurotransmitter release in the neuronal network of the rat caudate nucleus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
K(ATP) channels can couple the bioenergetic metabolism of the cell to membrane excitability. Here, we show gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated inhibition of dopamine outflow from slices of the rat caudate nucleus that is regulated by extracellular glucose via high- and low-affinity K(ATP) channels. During glucose reduction, a biphasic dopamine effect could be observed with first a dopamine increase followed by a decline at low glucose concentrations. Both phases were inhibited by glibenclamide. Pinacidil decreased DA outflow without an effect of glucose reduction implying an overall activation of K(ATP) channels. The first phase with dopamine increase was related to reduced GABAergic activity and could be blocked by bicuculline. Our results may be explained by different types of K(ATP) channels with low affinity of ATP and glibenclamide on inhibitory GABAergic and high-affinity on excitatory DAergic neurons. This led us to suggest a biological principle through which neuronal networks are functioning. 相似文献
19.
20.
Ekman J Kosonen M Jokela S Kolari M Korhonen P Salkinoja-Salonen M 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2007,34(3):203-211
Colored biofilms cause problems in paper industry. In this work we used real-time PCR to detect and to quantitate members
of the genus Meiothermus from the process samples and end products from 24 machines manufacturing pulp, paper and board in four countries. The results
obtained from 200 samples showed the importance of members of the genus Meiothermus as ubiquitous biofoulers in paper machines. This genus was the dominant biofouler in some mills. From ≤104 to 1011 copies of Meiothermus 16S rRNA genes were found per gram of process deposit (wet weight). Meiothermus spp. were found in paper and board products with colored defects and connection between deposit-forming microbes and end-product
spots was shown. 16S rRNA gene sequences of 29 biofilm producing bacterial isolates from different mills were determined.
Based on sequence data, 25 of the isolates were assigned to the genus Meiothermus, with Meiothermus silvanus and M. ruber as the most frequent species. 相似文献