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21.
Molecular analysis of the avirulence gene avr9 of the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum fully supports the gene-for-gene hypothesis 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Guido F.J.M. Van den Ackerveken Jan A.L. Van Kan Pierre J.G.M. De Wit 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》1992,2(3):359-366
The interaction between the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum and tomato is supposed to have a gene-for-gene basis. Races of C. fulvum which have 'overcome' the resistance gene Cf9 of tomato, lack the avirulence gene avr9 which encodes a race-specific peptide elicitor. Races avirulent on tomato genotypes carrying the resistance gene Cf9 produce the race-specific peptide elicitor, which induces the hypersensitive response (HR) on those genotypes. The causal relationship between the presence of a functional avr9 gene and avirulence on tomato genotype Cf9 was demonstrated by cloning of the avr9 gene and subsequent transformation of C. fulvum. A race virulent on tomato genotype Cf9 was shown to become avirulent by transformation with the cloned avr9 gene. These results clearly demonstrate that the avr9 gene is responsible for cultivar specificity on tomato genotype Cf9 and fully support the gene-for-gene hypothesis. The avr9 gene is the first fungal avirulence gene to be cloned. 相似文献
22.
Valerie J. Horn Paul A. Sheehy Miriam B. Goodman Indu S. Ambudkar 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1991,101(1):43-49
Intracellular Ca2+ mobilization events were assessed in mouse L cells, which contain native prostaglandin E1 receptors and transfected human 2 adrenergic receptors. Both Fura2 (single cell measurements) and Quin 2, (cuvette assays) were used to determine [Ca2+]i levels. Our results demonstrate that in the transfected cells there is a dose-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i in response to isoproterenol (0.1 nM–100 nM), which is inhibited by the -adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, and is a result of intracellular Ca2+ release. [Ca2+]1 in these cells was also increased by prostaglandin E1, 8 bromo cyclic AMP, and aluminum fluoride. Both 8 bromo cAMP and isoproterenol induced a rapid increase in the levels of IP1, IP2, and IP3. The data presented demonstrate that the elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP induces an increase in IP3 production which leads to an elevation in [Ca2+];. We propose that this cyclic AMP dependent activation of the IP3 generating system occurs at a post-receptor site.Abbreviations cAMP
Adenosine Cyclic 3-5-Monophosphate
- [Ca2+]i
intracellular [Ca2+]i
- 8 Br cAMP
8 Bromo Adenosine Cyclic 3-5-Monophosphate
- DAG
Diacylglycerol
- EGTA]
[Ethylene Bis (oxyethylenenitrilo)] Tetracetic acid
- BSA
Bovine Serum Albumin
- HBSS-H
Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution buffered with HEPES to pH 7.4
- HEPES
4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- PIP2
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
- IP2
Inositol 4 Phosphate
- IP2
Inositol 4,5 Bisphosphate
- IP3
Inositol Trisphosphate
- PGE1
Prostaglandin E1
- PBS
Phosphate Buffered Saline Solution 相似文献
23.
Summary Induction of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen synthesis in 59.6% of P3HR-1 cells was followed by a decrease to 70% in adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity. In Daudi cells synthesizing EBV early antigen, ADA activity did not decrease. 相似文献
24.
Prochymosin expression in Bacillus subtilis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dino Parente Francesca de Ferra Giuliano Galli Guido Grandi 《FEMS microbiology letters》1991,77(2-3):243-250
Prochymosin (PC) sequence was cloned in Bacillus subtilis using two kinds of plasmid constructions. In plasmid pSM316 the cDNA was inserted to obtain the intracellular expression of the enzyme. The enzyme turned out to be expressed in an insoluble form which could be converted to native enzyme under proper denaturing and refolding conditions. The levels of intracellular expression of PC were further enhanced by modifying the 5' region of the gene in a way that a two-cistron expression system was created. For the PC secretion, the cDNA was fused to the subtilisin leader sequence and expressed under the control of the B. subtilis neutral protease promoter. A properly folded PC was secreted by the cells, although to low levels. 相似文献
25.
Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of inositol phosphates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The analysis of inositol phosphates by anion-exchange HPLC is described. The method employs a citrate buffer gradient to resolve several inositol phosphates including inositol 1-phosphate, inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (IP2), and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), as well as some of the isomers of these compounds. Since the buffer system does not contain any phosphate, we can use a phosphate assay to examine the chromatographic behavior of phosphate-containing compounds. The method shows good resolution and recovery (greater than 95% for IP2 and IP3). Total analysis time, including reequilibration, is about 90 min. In addition, an isocratic system that can rapidly (less than 10 min) measure IP3 is described. The HPLC system was used to characterize inositol phosphate turnover in thrombin-stimulated platelets and formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated HL-60 cells. 相似文献
26.
Aggregation of macrophages and fibroblasts is inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to the hyaluronate receptor 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
To examine the role of the hyaluronate receptor in cell to cell adhesion, we have employed the K-3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) which specifically binds to the hyaluronate receptor and blocks its ability to interact with hyaluronate. In the first set of experiments, we investigated the spontaneous aggregation of SV-3T3 cells, which involves two distinct mechanisms, one of which is dependent upon the presence of divalent cation and the other is independent. The divalent cation-independent aggregation was found to be completely inhibited by both intact and Fab fragments of the K-3 MAb. In contrast, the K-3 MAb had no effect on the divalent cation-dependent aggregation of cells. In a second set of experiments, we examined alveolar macrophages. The presence of hyaluronate receptors on alveolar macrophages was demonstrated by the fact that detergent extracts of these cells could bind [3H]hyaluronate, and this binding was blocked by the K-3 MAb. Immunoblot analysis of alveolar macrophages showed that the hyaluronate receptor had a Mr of 99,500, which is considerably larger than the 85,000 Mr for that on BHK cells. When hyaluronate was added to suspensions of alveolar macrophages, the cells were induced to aggregate. This effect was inhibited by the K-3 MAb, suggesting that the hyaluronate-induced aggregation was mediated by the receptor. 相似文献
27.
Interstrain Variation in Amylase Gene Copy Number and mRNA Abundance in Three Mouse Tissues 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Miriam H. Meisler Tammy K. Antonucci Laurelee O. Treisman Deborah L. Gumucio Linda C. Samuelson 《Genetics》1986,113(3):713-722
Amylase expression in strain YBR differs in several respects from the standard mouse phenotype. The synthesis of salivary amylase is elevated twofold in YBR mice and the synthesis of pancreatic amylase is reduced to one-half the normal rate. We have compared the concentrations of amylase mRNA in the parotid, liver and pancreas of YBR mice with those in strains A/J and C3H. We observed differences in amylase mRNA abundance which can account for the levels of amylase protein synthesis in the parotid and pancreas of these strains. Unexpectedly, the concentration of amylase mRNA in the liver of YBR mice was also higher than in the other strains. Since liver amylase is transcribed from the same gene as parotid amylase, duplication of the Amy-1 locus could account for the elevated mRNA concentration in both tissues. Quantitative analysis of genomic DNA by Southern blotting provided direct evidence for duplication of Amy-1 in strain YBR. 相似文献
28.
Rogelio O. Arellano Fidel Ramón Amelia Rivera Guido A. Zampighi 《The Journal of membrane biology》1986,94(3):293-299
Summary The effect of pH was tested on the junction between crayfish lateral axons. By means of a glass capillary inserted into one of the axons, one side of the nunction was perfused with solutions of known pH while the junctional resistance,R
j, was monitored. Integrity of the gap junction was checked electron microscopically.R
j remained unchanged when the pH of the perfusate was lowered from 7.1 to 6.0. However, when the pH of the unperfused side of the junction was lowered by substituting acetate for chloride in the external solution,R
j rose, attesting to the integrity of the junction and its capacity to uncouple in the perfused state. We suggest that H+ does not affect the junctional channels directly, but acts through an intermediary which is inactivated or removed by the perfusion. 相似文献
29.
Jozef Anné Patrick Verheyen Guido Volckaert Hendrik Eyssen 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1985,200(3):506-507
Summary A physical map of the actinophage VWB has been constructed using the restriction endonucleases BglII, ClaI, EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII, KpnI and SphI. Phage VWB, genome size 47.3 kb, propagates on Streptomyces venezuelae, and it can also lysogenise this species. The three BglII-generated fragments of VWB DNA were cloned in pBR322, and subsequently mapped. In this manner the restriction map of the VWB phage genome was constructed.Abbreviations
dam
DNA adenine methylase activity
- kb
kilobase pairs
- ::
novel joint 相似文献
30.