Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I mediates late phase induction of TNF-alpha by lipopolysaccharide

LPS is the known component of bacterial pathogens that stimulates a number of proinflammatory factors. However, the mechanism of the induction of these factors by LPS has not been fully elucidated. We show here that LPS induces retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) in vitro and in vivo as a result from autocrine secretion of IFN-beta in macrophages. TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-beta-deficient mouse embryo fibroblast (trif(-/)(-)) fail to show expression of RIG-I following LPS stimulation. Interference of RIG-I expression short interfering RNA represses the expression of LPS-induced TNF-alpha, whereas over-expression of RIG-I leads to the activation of TNF-alpha promoter and the induction of TNF-alpha expression. LPS- and IFN-beta-induced TNF-alpha are suppressed in RIG-I-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (rig(-/)(-)). Thus, RIG-I plays a key role in the expression of TNF-alpha in macrophages in response to LPS stimulation, mainly for the late phase LPS-induced expression of TNF-alpha.     

促绒毛生长基因及其在转基因动物中的应用

通过转基因克隆技术使得外源基因在皮肤细胞内超表达,进而促进毛囊发育和绒毛生长是培育高产量绒毛动物品系的有效途径.在转基因动物中构建真核表达栽体常用的皮肤特异性启动子主要是皮肤角蛋白基因启动子,具有促绒毛生长功能的基因则包括编码生长因子、转录因子及小分子蛋白的基因.目前已获得利用这些特异性启动子调控外源基因在皮肤细胞内超表达的转基因动物.     

慢性高剂量胰岛素刺激猪脂肪细胞脂肪分解

为研究慢性高剂量胰岛素对猪脂肪细胞脂肪分解的影响及其分子机制, 分化的猪脂肪细胞在PKA(Protein kinase A)或ERK(Extracellular signal-related kinase)抑制剂预处理或不处理的情况下, 再用不同浓度的胰岛素(0、200、400、800、1600 nmol/L)处理不同时间(24、48、72、96 h), 通过测定甘油释放量检测脂肪细胞的脂解率; 采用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测perilipin A和PPARg2的mRNA和蛋白表达。结果显示, 慢性高剂量胰岛素以剂量和时间依赖性的方式刺激猪脂肪细胞的脂肪分解, 并削弱脂肪细胞对异丙肾上腺素刺激的脂解应答; 同时显著下调perilipin A和PPARg2的mRNA及蛋白表达; 另外, PKA和ERK抑制剂均显著抑制胰岛素刺激的脂肪分解, 但仅ERK抑制剂显著逆转perilipin A基因表达的下调。由此推测, 慢性高剂量胰岛素通过ERK通路抑制perilipin A的表达, 进而刺激猪脂肪细胞的脂肪分解。     

人工灌丛总初级生产力和蒸散对气候变化的响应模拟——以宁夏盐池县荒漠草原区为例

荒漠草原区人工灌丛生态系统的总初级生产力(GPP)和蒸散(ET)如何响应全球气候变化,不仅是全球变化生态学研究的核心问题,也关乎干旱半干旱风沙区生态建设的可持续性。利用参数优化后的生物群区生物地球化学循环(Biome-BGC)模型和气象环境驱动数据,考虑不同气候变化情景和未来趋势,模拟了盐池荒漠草原区人工灌丛生态系统GPP和ET对气候变化的响应。结果表明:(1)增温会显著抑制生态系统的GPP,大幅度的增温(3 ℃)会导致GPP急剧下降,但增温对ET的抑制作用非常微弱;(2)降水是限制ET变化的重要因素,相对于增温诱发干旱胁迫所引起的ET小幅下降,降水多寡则更直接地控制着生态系统的ET大小;(3)中国西北地区未来气候的"暖湿化"趋势和大气CO₂浓度升高会对荒漠草原区人工灌丛生态系统产生综合驱动效应,增强陆地和大气间的碳水交换通量。研究成果可为干旱半干旱区应对全球变化及指导地方政府制定生态保护修复政策提供科学依据。     

Investigation of Quinquethiophene Derivatives with Different End Groups for High Open Circuit Voltage Solar Cells

Three quinquethiophene derivatives with different end groups of octyl 2‐cyanoacetate (DCAO5T), 3‐ethylrhodanine (DERHD5T) and 2H‐indene‐1,3‐dione (DIN5T) are synthesized in order to obtain higher open circuit voltage (V_oc) than their septithiophene analogs. The photovoltaic performance of these three molecules as donors and fullerene derivatives as the acceptors in bulk heterojunction solar cells are studied by using the simple solution spin‐coating fabrication process. Among them, DERHD5T shows V_oc as high as 1.08 volt and power conversion efficiency of 4.63% under AM 1.5G irradiation (100 mW cm^?2). The reasons for the high V_oc were investigated by the theoretical simulations and consistent results have been obtained in comparison with experimental measurements.     

Prediction and Control of Brucellosis Transmission of Dairy Cattle in Zhejiang Province,China

Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by brucella; mainly spread by direct contact transmission through the brucella carriers, or indirect contact transmission by the environment containing large quantities of bacteria discharged by the infected individuals. At the beginning of 21st century, the epidemic among dairy cows in Zhejiang province, began to come back and has become a localized prevalent epidemic. Combining the pathology of brucellosis, the reported positive data characteristics, and the feeding method in Zhejiang province, this paper establishes an dynamic model to excavate the internal transmission dynamics, fit the real disease situation, predict brucellosis tendency and assess control measures in dairy cows. By careful analysis, we give some quantitative results as follows. (1) The external input of dairy cows from northern areas may lead to high fluctuation of the number of the infectious cows in Zhejiang province that can reach several hundreds. In this case, the disease cannot be controlled and the infection situation cannot easily be predicted. Thus, this paper encourages cows farms to insist on self-supplying production of the dairy cows. (2) The effect of transmission rate of brucella in environment to dairy cattle on brucellosis spreading is greater than transmission rate of the infectious dairy cattle to susceptible cattle. The prevalence of the epidemic is mainly aroused by environment transmission. (3) Under certain circumstances, the epidemic will become a periodic phenomenon. (4) For Zhejiang province, besides measures that have already been adopted, sterilization times of the infected regions is suggested as twice a week, and should be combined with management of the birth rate of dairy cows to control brucellosis spread.     

世纬苣苔模式产地的考证

世纬苣苔是中国特有珍稀植物,但在《中国植物志》记载的模式产地贵州省“平伐”从未找到过该植物。模式产地考证信息的缺失,会在世纬苣苔的鉴定和相关科学研究中产生一定的混乱。作者从产地记载、标本形态、分子证据三个方面进行了考证,确认了世纬苣苔模式产地是贵州省“平坝”(安顺市),而《中国植物志》所记载的模式产地是对模式标本原始记录的错误翻译。考证结果提供了正确的模式产地,使世纬苣苔的鉴定、保护、研究具有了切实可靠的依据。     

哈萨克族及汉族新生儿身体形态指数分析

根据４４５例哈萨克族（哈族）及６６２例汉族新生儿的体格发育调查资料,计算出哈,汉族新生儿的７项身体形态指数并比较身体形态指数的性别、民族差异,表示营养状况的指数值哈族新生儿皆大于汉族新生儿,男孩多大于女孩,而表示体型的身高胸围指数,身高坐高指数值为男孩小于女孩。