不同抗性猕猴桃品种感染溃疡病前后几种保护酶活性变化

研究了不同猕猴桃品种展叶孕蕾期自然感染溃疡病菌前后一年生枝条、叶片内过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)酶活性的变化情况.结果表明:感染溃疡病菌前后,抗病品种和感病品种枝条及成叶中防御酶系活性变化规律存在一定的差异.品种未受溃疡病菌感染时,一年生枝条、叶片中的POD、PPO、SOD、CAT酶活性抗病品种的酶活性均低于感病品种.品种自然感染溃疡病菌后,一年生枝条、叶片POD、PPO、SOD、CAT、PAL酶活性均升高,且酶活性的增加幅度是抗病品种中酶活提高倍数高于感病品种.而且这种增量在不同保护酶类以及不同组织部位是有差异的.     

水稻病程相关PR1家族蛋白质在叶片生长及与白叶枯病菌互作反应中的表达

病程相关(PR)蛋白质经常被用作抗病反应的分子标记。利用免疫印迹(WB)技术检测了7个PR1家族蛋白质在水稻(Oryza sativa)叶片生长及与白叶枯病菌互作反应过程中的表达,发现6个PR1家族蛋白质在叶片生长中有表达。检测PR1蛋白质在Xa21介导的抗白叶枯病过程中的表达,结果显示PR1#052、PR1#072、PR1#073和PR1#121四个蛋白质在抗病反应后期呈上调或诱导表达,PR1#071则表达下调。进一步比较它们在抗病、感病和对照(Mock)反应中的表达丰度,发现在抗病和感病反应中的变化幅度均明显大于对照反应,推测这些PR蛋白质在水稻-白叶枯病菌互作反应中发挥作用。另外,对PR1基因上游启动子区的cis元件进行了分析。该研究初步揭示了水稻PR1家族蛋白质的表达谱,为进一步了解PR1蛋白质的功能提供了线索。     

Quality,bioactivity study,and preclinical acute toxicity,safety pharmacology evaluation of PEGylated recombinant human endostatin (M2ES)

Endostar, a potent endogenous antiangiogenic factor, is wildly used in clinics. However, it was easily degraded by enzymes and rapidly cleared by the kidneys. To overcome these shortcomings, PEGylated recombinant human endostatin was developed. In this study, the purity of M₂ES was evaluated by silver stain and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Ultraviolet spectrum was used to examine the structural of M₂ES and endostar. The bioactivity and antitumor efficacy of M₂ES were evaluated using an in vitro endothelial cell migration model and athymic nude mouse xenograft model of a heterogeneous lung adenocarcinoma, respectively. A preclinical study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety pharmacology in rhesus monkeys. The purity of M₂ES was more than 98%; PEG modification has no effect on endostatin structure. Compared with the control group, M₂ES dramatically retards endothelial cell migration and tumor growth. After intravenous (IV) infusions of M₂ES at a dose level of three and 75 mg/kg in rhesus monkeys, there was no observable serious adverse event in both acute toxicity and safety pharmacology study. On the basis of the quality and bioactivity study data of M₂ES and the absence of serious side effect in rhesus monkeys, M₂ES was authorized to initiate a phase I clinical trial.     

具有中等毒性的马氏钳蝎神经毒素的纯化和初步晶体学研究

运用柱层析技术对产自淅川和常德的马氏钳蝎毒素进行分离纯化,得到８种哺乳动物神经毒素。运用制备型等电聚焦电泳技术,对常德样品中具有中等毒性的蝎神经毒素（ＢｍＫ５）进一步纯化,获得了高纯度样品。两个产地的蝎毒素ＢｍＫ５均已经成功地获得了大晶体。空间群均为Ｐ２１２１２１,晶胞参数分别为：ａ＝３８．４６埃,ｂ＝３７．２８埃,ｃ＝３６．９７埃（淅川）;ａ＝３８．４４埃,ｂ＝３７．５５埃,ｃ＝３６．８３埃（常德）。对两个产地的晶体分别收集了２．１埃（淅川）和１．６２埃（常德）分辨率的衍射数据。     

Engineering mouse apolipoprotein A-I into a monomeric, active protein useful for structural determination

Apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), the major protein component of HDL, is one of the best predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD), with high apoAI and HDL levels being correlated with low occurrences of CAD. The primary function of apoAI is to recruit phospholipid and cholesterol for assembly of HDL particles. Like other exchangeable apolipoproteins, lipid-free apoAI forms a mixture of different oligomers even at 1.0 mg/mL. This self-association property of the exchangeable apolipoproteins is closely associated with the lipoprotein-binding activity of this protein family. It is unclear if the self-association property of apolipoprotein is required for its lipoprotein-binding activity. We developed a novel method for engineering an oligomeric protein to a monomeric, biologically active protein. Using this method, we generated a monomeric mouse apoAI mutant that is active. This mutant contains the first 216 residues of mouse apoAI and replaces six hydrophobic residues with either polar or smaller hydrophobic residues at the defined positions (V118A/A119S/L121Q/T191S/T195S/T199S). Cross-linking results show that this mutant is greater than 90% monomeric at 8 mg/mL. CD, DSC, and NMR results indicate that the mutant maintains an identical secondary, tertiary structure and stability as those of the wild-type mouse apoAI. Lipid-binding assays suggest that the mutant shares an equal lipoprotein-binding activity as that of the wild-type apoAI. In addition, both the monomeric mutant and the wild-type protein make nearly identical rHDL particles. With this monomeric mouse apoAI, high-quality NMR data has been collected, allowing for the NMR structural determination of lipid-free apoAI. On the basis of these results, we conclude that this apoAI mutant is a monomeric, active apoAI useful for structural determination.     

一种东亚钳蝎碱性神经毒素的纯化和初步晶体学研究

经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－５０和ＳＰ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＣ－２５两次柱层析,从河南淅川马氏钳蝎毒素中分得一种碱性神经毒素ＢｍＫＭＩ８．等电聚焦和ＳＤＳ电泳显示单一组分,其ｐＩ为９．１,Ｍｒ为７１００．毒性测试结果表明,该组分对小白鼠有较强的毒性,对昆虫也有一定的毒性,已获得该毒素的两种晶型的大单晶,并测定其空间群为Ｐ２＿１２＿１２＿１,晶胞参数为：ＢｍＫＭＩ８－Ａ：ａ＝３６．７,ｂ＝２６．６,ｃ＝５２．０,ＢｍＫＭＩ８－Ｂ：ａ＝３６．６４Ａ,ｂ＝３７．３１,ｃ＝３７．９５,已收集了ＢｍＫＭＩ８－Ｂ分辨率为１．７４的Ｘ射线单晶衍射数据。     

基于VPM模型的长白山自然保护区植被总初级生产力动态变化

总初级生产力(GPP)是碳循环的重要参数,它的准确估算对碳循环及全球气候变化研究有重要作用.利用VPM模型及2000—2015年MOD09A1数据/气候因子的空间数据,对长白山自然保护区的植被GPP进行模拟.结果表明: 2000—2015年,保护区GPP年均值为1203 g C·m^-2·a^-1,GPP呈极显著趋势增长.森林植被GPP年际增长变化在不同植被垂直带下没有显著区别,但从高山苔原带往上,GPP年际增长明显减小.GPP与降水的年际相关性不显著,与温度的正相关关系集中分布在阔叶红松林带和高山苔原带.春季气温对GPP影响最大,有80%像元显示与气温呈正相关.GPP与温度的年际相关性明显高于降水.     

假蜜环菌固体发酵及其产物提取工艺的优化研究

在假蜜环菌固体发酵培养基中分别添加稻草、稻糠、花生壳等农副产品进行发酵,并以无添加物的培养基发酵作为对照。实验结果表明,添加了农副产品的培养基,菌丝生长速率及发酵完成后培养基中的多糖、蛋白质含量均比对照样有所提高。此外,还对假蜜环菌发酵多糖的提取工艺进行了探讨,结果显示最适提取条件为：温度85℃,时间3．0h,料液比为1：4,在此条件下,多糖的提取率为4．6％。     

青龙胶丸治疗脑梗塞后慢性脑功能不全50例疗效观察

采用青龙胶丸治疗脑梗塞后慢性脑功能不全５０例。结果表明,在连续治疗３个月后,慢性脑功能不全所致的头痛、头晕、失眠、生活主动性减退、对周围事物反应能力减退等症状的有效率均达８０％以上。神经心理学检查证实其对指向记忆、联想学习、人像特点联想回忆、认识能力等均有较好的改善作用。治疗前后血液流变学指标的改善,提示青龙胶丸降低纤维蛋白原、降低血液粘度,具有抗凝、解聚、溶栓、扩张血管、改善微循环的作用。认为是其对慢性脑功能不全发挥较好治疗作用的药理基础之一。     

CO2 biofixation and fatty acid composition of Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa in response to different CO2 levels

In this study, Scenedesmus obliquus SJTU-3 and Chlorella pyrenoidosa SJTU-2 were cultivated with 0.03%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50% CO(2). The two microalgae could grow at 50% CO(2) (>0.69 g L(-1)) and grew well (>1.22 g L(-1)) under CO(2) concentrations ranging from 5% to 20%. Both of the two examined microalgae showed best growth potential at 10% CO(2). The maximum biomass concentration and CO(2) biofixation rate were 1.84 g L(-1) and 0.288 g L(-1) d(-1) for S. obliquus SJTU-3 and 1.55 g L(-1) and 0.260 g L(-1) d(-1) for C. pyrenoidosa SJTU-2, respectively. The main fatty acid compositions of the two examined microalgae were fatty acids with C(16)-C(18) (>94%) under different CO(2) levels. High CO(2) levels (30-50%) were favorable for the accumulation of total lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present results suggested that the two microalgae be appropriate for mitigating CO(2) in the flue gases and biodiesel production.