全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3561篇 |
免费 | 314篇 |
国内免费 | 466篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 55篇 |
2022年 | 125篇 |
2021年 | 233篇 |
2020年 | 166篇 |
2019年 | 202篇 |
2018年 | 175篇 |
2017年 | 157篇 |
2016年 | 181篇 |
2015年 | 243篇 |
2014年 | 274篇 |
2013年 | 326篇 |
2012年 | 340篇 |
2011年 | 290篇 |
2010年 | 186篇 |
2009年 | 194篇 |
2008年 | 187篇 |
2007年 | 148篇 |
2006年 | 150篇 |
2005年 | 113篇 |
2004年 | 74篇 |
2003年 | 70篇 |
2002年 | 50篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 36篇 |
1999年 | 48篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 33篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4341条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
92.
Zhao Lv Lan Chen Lingyun Chen Chen Shao Miao Miao Alan Warren 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》2013,60(5):455-466
The live morphology, infraciliature, and morphogenesis of a new oxytrichid ciliate, Notohymena apoaustralis n. sp. collected from a freshwater pond in Qingdao (Tsingtao), China, were studied in vivo and after protargol impregnation. Notohymena apoaustralis n. sp. is characterized as follows: undulating membranes in Notohymena‐pattern; cortical granules yellow‐green, grouped around the marginal cirri and dorsal bristles, and in short irregular rows elsewhere in the cell; single contractile vacuole positioned at anterior 1/3 of the body length; two macronuclear nodules and one micronucleus; about 39 adoral membranelles; 18 frontoventral transverse cirri in typical Oxytricha‐pattern; one right and one left marginal row, almost confluent posteriorly; dorsal ciliature in typical Oxytricha‐pattern; 8–10 caudal cirri arranged in three rows, one each at the posterior end of dorsal kineties 1, 2, and 4, indistinguishable from marginal cirri in life. The morphogenetic process in N. apoaustralis n. sp. is consistent with that of the type species, Notohymena rubescens Blatterer and Foissner, 1988. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit rDNA sequence data suggest a sister relationship between N. apoaustralis n. sp. and Paraurostyla weissei, which cluster in a clade with Rubrioxytricha ferruginea. 相似文献
93.
Xiangxiang Shan Yufeng Miao Rengen Fan Changzhi Song Guangzhou Wu Zhengqiang Wan Jian Zhu Guan Sun Wenzhang Zha Xiangming Mu Guangjun Zhou Yan Chen 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》2013,49(8):576-582
In this study, we aimed to study the role of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) in palmitic acid-induced steatosis and other “fatty liver” symptoms in vitro. HepG2 cells, with or without stably suppressed Grb2 expression, were incubated with palmitic acid for 24 h to induce typical clinical “fatty liver” features, including steatosis, impaired glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. MTT and Oil Red O assays were applied to test cell viability and fat deposition, respectively. Glucose uptake assay was used to evaluate the glucose utilization of cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to measure expressional changes of key markers of insulin signaling, lipid/glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. After 24-h palmitic acid induction, increased fat accumulation, reduced glucose uptake, impaired insulin signaling, enhanced oxidative stress, and increased apoptosis were observed in HepG2 cells. Suppression of Grb2 in HepG2 significantly reduced fat accumulation, improved glucose metabolism, ameliorated oxidative stress, and restored the activity of insulin receptor substrate-1/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways. In addition, Grb2 deficiency attenuated hepatic apoptosis shown by reduced activation of caspase-3 and fluorescent staining. Modulation of Bcl-2 and Bak1 also contributed to reduced apoptosis. In conclusion, suppression of Grb2 expression in HepG2 cells improved hepatic steatosis, glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by palmitic acid incubation partly though modulating the insulin signaling pathway. 相似文献
94.
95.
Miao Bian Irene Waters Sue Broughton Xiao-Qi Zhang Meixue Zhou Reg Lance Dongfa Sun Chengdao Li 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2013,32(1):155-164
Acid soil/aluminium toxicity is one of the major constraints on barley production around the world. Genetic improvement is the best solution and molecular-marker-assisted selection has proved to be an efficient tool for developing barley cultivars with acid soil/aluminium tolerance. In this study, barley variety Svanhals—introduced from CYMMIT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center)—was identified as acid soil/aluminium tolerant and the tolerance was mapped to chromosome 4H in 119 doubled haploid (DH) lines from a cross of Hamelin/Svanhals. The HvMATE gene, encoding an aluminium-activated citrate transporter, was selected as a candidate gene and gene-specific molecular markers were developed to detect acid soil/aluminium tolerance based on the polymerase chain reaction. Sequence analysis of the HvMATE gene identified a 21-bp indel (insertion–deletion) between the tolerant and sensitive cultivars. The new marker was further mapped to the QTL (quantitative trait loci) region on chromosome 4H for acid soil tolerance and accounted for 66.9 % of phenotypic variation in the DH population. Furthermore, the polymorphism was confirmed in other tolerant varieties which have been widely used as a source of acid soil tolerance in Australian barley breeding programs. The new gene-specific molecular marker provides an effective and simple molecular tool for selecting the acid soil tolerance gene from multiple tolerance sources. 相似文献
96.
97.
Guiyou Liu Yongshuai Jiang Xiaoguang Chen Ruijie Zhang Guoda Ma Rennan Feng Liangcai Zhang Mingzhi Liao Yingbo Miao Zugen Chen Rong Zeng Keshen Li 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Growing evidence from epidemiological studies indicates the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and measles. However, the exact mechanism for this association is still unclear now. We consider that the strong association between both diseases may be caused by shared genetic pathways. We performed a pathway analysis of large-scale RA genome-wide association studies (GWAS) dataset with 5,539 cases and 20,169 controls of European descent. Meanwhile, we evaluated our findings using previously identified RA loci, protein-protein interaction network and previous results from pathway analysis of RA and other autoimmune diseases GWAS. We confirmed four pathways including Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT signaling, T cell receptor signaling and Cell adhesion molecules. Meanwhile, we highlighted for the first time the involvement of Measles and Intestinal immune network for IgA production pathways in RA. Our results may explain the strong association between RA and measles, which may be caused by the shared genetic pathway. We believe that our results will be helpful for future genetic studies in RA pathogenesis and may significantly assist in the development of therapeutic strategies. 相似文献
98.
Objective
To examine possible differences in clinical outcomes between selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) and argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) in open-angle glaucoma at different times post-treatment.Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SLT versus ALT were searched through August 2013. The main outcome measure was IOP, and secondary outcomes included the number of glaucoma medications, the success rate, and adverse events.Results
Six RCTs, involving 482 eyes treated with laser trabeculoplasty, were included in the meta-analysis. For all patients (including first and previous laser trabeculoplasy), no significant difference in IOP lowering was observed between SLT and ALT at one hour (P = 0.40), one week (P = 0.72), one month (P = 0.37), six months (P = 0.08), one year (P = 0.34), two years (P = 0.58), three years (P = 0.34), four years (P = 0.47), and five years (P = 0.50). A statistically significant difference in favor of SLT was found when comparing the IOP reduction at three months after intervention (weighted mean difference (WMD): 1.19 mmHg [0.41; 1.97]; I2=0%; P = 0.003). For patients who were naive to laser, there was no significant difference of reduction in IOP comparing SLT with ALT at any time point. In patients’ previous LT, no statistically significant difference in IOP reduction was found at six months (WMD: 1.92 mmHg [-0.91; 4.74]; I2 = 77.3%; P = 0.18). There was no significant difference in the reduction in the number of glaucoma medications, the success rate, or adverse event rates between the two treatments.Conclusions
SLT has equivalent efficacy to ALT with a similar constellation of side effects. In the case of retreatment, SLT appears to be similar to ALT in IOP lowering at six months. 相似文献99.
Gertrud U. Rey Congrong Miao Hayat Caidi Suvang U. Trivedi Jennifer L. Harcourt Ralph A. Tripp Larry J. Anderson Lia M. Haynes 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a high priority target for vaccine development. One concern in RSV vaccine development is that a non-live virus vaccine would predispose for enhanced disease similar to that seen with the formalin inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine. Since a mAb specific to RSV G protein can reduce pulmonary inflammation and eosinophilia seen after RSV infection of FI-RSV vaccinated mice, we hypothesized that RSV G peptides that induce antibodies with similar reactivity may limit enhanced disease after subunit or other non-live RSV vaccines. In support of this hypothesis, we show that FI-RSV vaccinated mice administered RSV G peptide vaccines had a significant reduction in enhanced disease after RSV challenge. These data support the importance of RSV G during infection to RSV disease pathogenesis and suggest that use of appropriately designed G peptide vaccines to reduce the risk of enhanced disease with non-live RSV vaccines merits further study. 相似文献
100.
Wei Chen Wei Wang Beibei Zhu Hui Guo Yu Sun Jie Ming Na Shen Zhi Li Zhenling Wang Lifeng Liu Bingxi Cai Jiayu Duan Jiaoyuan Li Cheng Liu Rong Zhong Weiguo Hu Tao Huang Xiaoping Miao 《PloS one》2013,8(11)