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91.
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93.
陕南灯影组宽川铺段的小壳化石具完好的三维保存方式。Anabarites是三辐射对称、单管底栖群居生物,亲缘关系不明。作者通过对陕南宁强下寒武统宽川铺段进行数次系统采样,经过对样品的醋酸溶蚀处理和电子扫描电镜照像后,发现Anabarites壳体内部具螺旋状微结构;经测试分析后认为该结构可能与中槽的深浅成正相关,两者的形成可能与微环境中水体的变化有关。探讨其可能的亲缘关系及其演化序列。  相似文献   
94.
Little is known regarding the effect of the graphene lateral size on the electrochemical performance of hybrid graphene electrode. This work examines the electrochemical performance of a flexible hybrid supercapacitor electrode composed of ultralarge graphene oxide (UGO; mean lateral size of 47 ± 22 μm) and vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanobelts, referring to a reference electrode composed of small scale graphene oxide (SGO; mean lateral size of 0.8 ± 0.5 μm) and VO2.Thermal treatment converts UGO/VO2 and SGO/VO2 to URGO/VO2 (denoted VURGO) and SRGO/VO2 (denoted VSRGO) electrodes, respectively. The sheet resistance of the VURGO film (0.57 ± 0.03 kΩ sq.–1) was two orders of magnitude lower than that of the VSRGO (55.74 ± 9.35 kΩ sq.–1). The VURGO hybrid electrode showed a specific capacitance of 769 F g?1, which was significantly better than the corresponding values for the VSRGO electrode (385 F/g). These results support the notion that the use of ultralarge graphene sheets (≈22 500 μm2) lowers the intersheet resistance due to the presence of fewer intersheet tunneling barriers. This article highlights the potential utility of URGO (as a conductive support) in hybrid electrode containing VO2 nanobelts for high performance flexible hybrid supercapacitor.  相似文献   
95.
Effectors translocated into the host cell by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are critical for bacterial virulence. For many effectors, the mechanisms of their interactions with host pathways are not yet understood. We have recently found an interaction between the SPI-2 effector SseL and oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP). We show here that SseL binds the N-terminus of OSBP and that S. Typhimurium infection results in redistribution of OSBP. We furthermore demonstrate that OSBP is required for efficient replication of intracellular S. Typhimurium. This suggests that S. Typhimurium hijacks OSBP-dependent pathways to benefit its intracellular life-style, possibly by SseL- and OSBP-mediated manipulation of host lipid metabolism.  相似文献   
96.
转基因在玉米中的遗传分离与整合特性的研究   总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23  
王守才  丁群星 《遗传学报》1999,26(3):254-261
用PCR和DNA分子杂交方法研究了转基因Bt在3种不同方法获得的8个转化体后代中的遗传分离、整合性质及其稳定性,结果表明:(1)转基因在大多数转化体后中呈简单的孟德尔遗传;在R1至R2代,部分家系中转化体比例偏低,有的发生转基因丢失,但到R3代以后均趋于正常的孟德尔遗传方式,在群体中固定下来;(2)转基因在不同转化体中的整合类型有一定差异,但整合的位点和拷贝数都较少,且多呈串联或紧密连锁的整合;(  相似文献   
97.
Orally bioavailable, dual inhibitors of TIE-2/VEGF-R2 were identified by elaborating the C3/N13 SAR around a fused pyrrolodihydroindazolocarbazole scaffold. Analogs bearing a C3-thiophencarbonyl group were evaluated in enzymatic and cellular biochemical assays; two orally bioavailable analogs were further profiled in functional assays and found to inhibit microvessel growth in rat aortic explant cultures and inhibit Ang-1-stimulated chemotaxis of HUVECs.  相似文献   
98.
The switching on-and-off of I-kappaB kinase (IKK) and NF-kappaB occurs rapidly after signaling. How activated IKK becomes down-regulated is not well understood. Here we show that following tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) association with IKK is increased. A heptad repeat in IKKgamma, helix 2 (HLX2), mediates PP2A recruitment. Two other heptad repeats downstream of HLX2, termed coiled-coil region 2 (CCR2) and leucine zipper (LZ), bind HLX2 and negatively regulate HLX2 interaction with PP2A. HTLV-1 transactivator Tax also binds HLX2, and this interaction is enhanced by CCR2 but reduced by LZ. In the presence of Tax, PP2A-IKKgamma binding is greatly strengthened. Interestingly, peptides spanning CCR2 and/or LZ disrupt IKKgamma-Tax and IKKgamma-PP2A interactions and potently inhibit NF-kappaB activation by Tax and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. We propose that when IKK is resting, HLX2, CCR2, and LZ form a helical bundle in which HLX2 is sequestered. The HLX2-CCR2-LZ bundle becomes unfolded by signal-induced modifications of IKKgamma or after Tax binding. In this conformation, IKK becomes activated. IKKgamma then recruits PP2A via the exposed HLX2 domain for rapid down-regulation of IKK. Tax-PP2A interaction, however, renders PP2A inactive, thus maintaining Tax-PP2A-IKK in an active state. Finally, CCR2 and LZ possibly inhibit IKK activation by stabilizing the HLX2-CCR2-LZ bundle.  相似文献   
99.
Human lemur (Lmr) kinases are predicted to be Tyr kinases based on sequences and are related to neurotrophin receptor Trk kinases. This study used homogeneous recombinant KPI-2 (Lmr2, LMTK2, Cprk, brain-enriched protein kinase) kinase domain and a library of 1,154 peptides on a microarray to analyze substrate specificity. We found that KPI-2 is strictly a Ser/Thr kinase that reacts with Ser either preceded by or followed by Pro residues but unlike other Pro-directed kinases does not strictly require an adjacent Pro residue. The most reactive peptide in the library corresponds to Ser-737 of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, and the recombinant R domain of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator was a preferred substrate. Furthermore the KPI-2 kinase phosphorylated peptides corresponding to the single site in phosphorylase and purified phosphorylase b, making this only the second known phosphorylase b kinase. Phosphorylase was used as a specific substrate to show that KPI-2 is inhibited in living cells by addition of nerve growth factor or serum. The results demonstrate the utility of the peptide library to probe specificity and discover kinase substrates and offer a specific assay that reveals hormonal regulation of the activity of this unusual transmembrane kinase.  相似文献   
100.

Objective

Progranulin and C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3) were recently discovered as novel adipokines which may link obesity with altered regulation of glucose metabolism, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance.

Research Design and Methods

We examined circulating progranulin and CTRP3 concentrations in 127 subjects with (n = 44) or without metabolic syndrome (n = 83). Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship of progranulin and CTRP3 levels with inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic risk factors, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and adiponectin serum concentrations, as well as carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).

Results

Circulating progranulin levels are significantly related with inflammatory markers, hsCRP (r = 0.30, P = 0.001) and IL-6 (r = 0.30, P = 0.001), whereas CTRP3 concentrations exhibit a significant association with cardiometabolic risk factors, including waist circumference (r = −0.21), diastolic blood pressure (r = −0.21), fasting glucose (r = −0.20), triglyceride (r = −0.34), total cholesterol (r = −0.25), eGFR (r = 0.39) and adiponectin (r = 0.26) levels. Serum progranulin concentrations were higher in patients with metabolic syndrome than those of the control group (199.55 [179.33, 215.53] vs. 185.10 [160.30, 204.90], P = 0.051) and the number of metabolic syndrome components had a significant positive correlation with progranulin levels (r = 0.227, P = 0.010). In multiple regression analysis, IL-6 and triglyceride levels were significant predictors of serum progranulin levels (R 2 = 0.251). Furthermore, serum progranulin level was an independent predictor for increased CIMT in subjects without metabolic syndrome after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors (R 2 = 0.365).

Conclusions

Serum progranulin levels are significantly associated with systemic inflammatory markers and were an independent predictor for atherosclerosis in subjects without metabolic syndrome.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01668888  相似文献   
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