We have developed a modified particle bombardment method for plant transgenesis. An intein-tag and a 6×Cys-tag were successively fused to the N-terminus of a hyperactive Tn5 transposase. The modified transposase was immobilized on bare gold microscopic particles via covalent binding of a 6×Cys-tag sulfydryl groups to the gold surface. The tethered transposase can bind the transposon DNA in vitro to form the transposome in the absence of Mg2? ions. After bombardment of the gold particles carrying the transposomes into the plant cells, the transposomes will be released from the carrier due to the activated self-cleavage function of intein-tag. Our data showed this procedure integrated foreign DNA into the plant genome with an increased transformation frequency as compared to the conventional particle bombardment method. A single copy insertion can also be obtained by decreasing of the assembled transposon DNA amount in relation to plant cell biomass. 相似文献
Sialic acids (SAs) linked to galactose (Gal) in α2,3- and α2,6-configurations are the receptors for avian and human influenza viruses, respectively. We demonstrate that chicken tracheal ciliated cells express α2,3-linked SA, while goblet cells mainly express α2,6-linked SA. In addition, the plant lectin MAL-II, but not MAA/MAL-I, is bound to the surface of goblet cells, suggesting that SA2,3-linked oligosaccharides with Galβ1-3GalNAc subterminal residues are specifically present on the goblet cells. Moreover, both α2,3- and α2,6-linked SAs are detected on single tracheal basal cells. At a low multiplicity of infection (MOI) avian influenza virus H6N1 is exclusively detected in the ciliated cells, suggesting that the ciliated cell is the major target cell of the H6N1 virus. At a MOI of 1, ciliated, goblet and basal cells are all permissive to the AIV infection. This result clearly elucidates the receptor distribution for the avian influenza virus among chicken tracheal epithelial cells and illustrates a primary cell model for evaluating the cell tropisms of respiratory viruses in poultry. 相似文献
Leaf mass per unit area (LMA), carbon and nitrogen contents, leaf construction cost, and photosynthetic capacity (Pmax) of Adiantum reniforme var. sinensis, an endangered fern endemic to the Three Gorges region in southwest China, were compared in five populations differing in
habitat such as soil moisture and irradiance. The low soil moisture and high irradiance habitat population exhibited significantly
higher LMA, area-based leaf construction (CCA), and carbon content (CA), but lower leaf nitrogen content per unit dry mass (NM) than the other habitat populations. The high soil moisture and low irradiance habitat populations had the lowest CCA, but their cost/benefic ratios of CCA/Pmax were similar to the medium soil moisture and irradiance habitat population due to their lower leaf Pmax. Hence A. reniforme var. sinensis prefers partially shaded, moist but well-drained, slope habitats. Due to human activities, however, its main habitats now
are cliffs or steeply sloped bare rocks with poor and thin soil. The relatively high energy requirements and low photosynthetic
capacity in these habitats could limit the capability of the species in extending population or interspecific competition
and hence increase its endangerment. 相似文献
The survivals of gastric cancer (GC) patients are associated with early diagnosis and effective treatments. Therefore, it is urgent for the discovery of early GC biomarkers and tumor-targeting therapeutics. The aim of this study was to uncover putative tissue biomarkers of GC using 2D DIGE and then apply one of these specific markers in GC treatment. We found three putative biomarkers of GC with significant differences in expression level compared to adjacent normal tissue, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and glutathione s-transferase pi (GSTpi) with increased expression level, and alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) with reduced expression level. The overexpressed GRP78 was used as a targeted protein for guiding the drugs to tumor cells, leading to more effective treatment for GC xenografts. Our results demonstrated that the designated GRP78-binding peptide based on the sequence, WIFPWIQL, was selectively prone to recognize and bind to GC MKN45 cells in vitro, and also improve the delivery efficiency of polymeric micelles-encapsulated drugs into tumor cells and displayed better therapeutic outcome in experimental animals. This strategy of GRP78-mediated drug targeting system may bring chemotherapeutic drugs with more precise targeting to tumor cells, leading to minimize side effects on patients after chemotherapy. 相似文献
The picture depicts the different 3d‐printed organs, thorax, lungs, heart and bone. Assembled it is used as an optical phantom of a preterm infant for performing percutaneous optical measurements of the gas content in the lungs. In order to simulate the optical properties of the tissue, the heart and thorax can be filled with liquid phantoms, a mixture of Intralipid and Indian Ink. Further details can be found in the article by Jim Larsson et al. ( e201700097 ).
Although the toxicogenomics of kojic acid treated A375 human malignant melanoma cells has been elucidated, the proteomics of cellular response is still poorly understood. We performed proteomic analysis to investigate the anticancer effect of kojic acid on protein expression profile in A375 cells. A375 cells were treated with kojic acid at 8 microg/mL for 24, 48, and 72 h. With the use of 2-D PAGE and MALDI-Q-TOF MS and MS/MS analyses, proteomic profiles of A375 cells between control and kojic acid treatment were compared, and 30 differentially expressed proteins, containing 2 up-regulated proteins and 28 down-regulated proteins, were identified. Among these proteins, 17 isoforms of 5 identical proteins were observed and 11 chaperone proteins showed the high proportion of protein spots with 36.7% of total proteins. Bioinformatic tools were used to search for protein function and prediction of protein interaction. Sixteen differentially expressed proteins exhibited interaction network linked to the downstream regulations of p53 tumor suppressor and cell apoptosis, which may lead to suppress the melanogenesis and tumorigenesis of kojic acid treated A375 cells. In addition, GRP75, VIME and 2AAA were validated by Western blot analysis, whereas GRP75, 2AAA, HS90B, ENPL and KPYM were validated by RT-PCR. Therefore, these proteins play the important roles in cancer progression and may be potential biomarkers that are useful for diagnostic and therapeutic applications of malignant melanoma cancer. 相似文献