Theoretical study on benzoheterocycle based energetic materials,effect of heterocyclic-fused,conjugation, hydrogen bond,and substitutional group on the detonation performance

In this paper, four series of benzoheterocycle based energetic materials (EMs) have been designed to plan out a strategy to improve the density and safety of EMs, such as combining the insensitive group with aminobenzene ring and the high energetic nitramine explosives, benzo-heterocycle mother ring, designing multi-nitrogen heterocycles with a conjugated system containing N-N and C-N high energy bonds, and hydrogen bonding. Their optimized structure and detonation properties were first calculated and discussed using DFT methods. After calculation, these designed explosives all showed good detonation from 7352 m/s to 8788 m/s. Among them, the compounds with six nitro groups, 1c, 2c, 3c, and 4c, exhibit better performance and rather poor impact sensitivity. However, we found that the compounds with five nitro groups and one amino group have a limited performance reduction and a rapid stability improvement. These four compounds, 1b, 2b, 3b, and 4b, have good detonation performance and better stability. Moreover, the synthesis routes for these four compounds were also designed. The precursor 4–0 and mononitro product 4–1 were successfully synthesized. Their 1H NMR, single crystal, and elemental analysis were also done to verify the structures.     

樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)幼苗细根形态对氮磷添加和幼苗密度的响应

全球氮沉降对森林生态系统结构和功能的影响已成为现代生态学研究热点之一,我国华南地区氮沉降的增长引起了土壤酸化和磷限制加剧等一系列生态问题。密度制约着植物个体对环境资源的吸收利用,是自然界中十分重要的选择压力之一。因此研究樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)幼苗的细根形态对氮磷添加和密度的响应,有利于了解亚热带树木根系对氮沉降和磷添加与林分密度的响应过程和机制,并为全球变化背景下樟树林生态系统的管理提供依据。本研究以1年生樟树幼苗为试验材料,选择氯化铵(NH_4Cl)作为氮肥以模拟大气氮沉降,并且以二水合磷酸二氢钠(NaH_2PO_4·2H_2O)模拟磷添加,氮磷处理设置4个水平,即对照、施N、施P和施N+P;种植密度设置10、20、40和80株/m~2 4个水平。测定各处理樟树幼苗细根的根长、表面积、体积和根尖数,分析氮磷添加、密度和两者交互作用对樟树幼苗细根的影响。研究结果表明,与对照处理相比,N、P和N+P处理促进了幼苗细根长度、表面积、体积以及根尖数的增加。低密度条件下的N添加对幼苗根系形态的促进效果强于P添加。N+P处理对10、20、40株/m~2幼苗根系形态的促进效果最佳,而各处理对80株/m~2幼苗根系形态的促进效果均无显著性差异。随着种植密度的增大,幼苗细根长度、表面积、体积和根尖数均减少。樟树幼苗的细根长度、表面积、体积和根尖数在各密度间和不同氮磷添加处理间均有显著性差异,密度和氮磷处理间的交互作用对根系形态各指标均无显著影响。     

Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of ftr01, ftr42, and ftr58 in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Tripartite motif(TRIM) proteins were shown to play an important role in innate antiviral immunity. FinTRIM(ftr) is a new subset of TRIM genes that do not possess obvious orthologs in higher vertebrates. However, little is known about its function. In this study, we used bioinformatic analysis to examine the phylogenetic relationships and conserved domains of zebrafish(Danio rerio) ftr01, ftr42, and ftr58, as well as qualitative real-time PCR to examine their expression patterns in zebrafish embryonic fibroblast(ZF4) cells and zebrafish tissues. Sequence analysis showed that the three finTRIMs are highly conserved, and all contain a RING domain, B-box domain, and SPRY-PRY domain. In addition, ftr42 and ftr58 had one coiled-coil domain(CCD), whereas ftr01 had two CCDs. Tissue expression analysis revealed that the m RNA level of ftr01 was the highest in the liver, whereas those of ftr42 and ftr58 were the highest in the gill; the expression of thesefinTRIMs was clearly upregulated not in the eyes, but in the liver, spleen, kidney, gill, and brain of zebrafish following spring viremia of carp virus(SVCV) infection. Similarly, the expression of these three finTRIM genes also increased in ZF4 cells after SVCV infection. Our study revealed that ftr01, ftr42, and ftr58 may play an important role in antiviral immune responses, and these findings validate the need for more in-depth research on the finTRIM family in the future.     

Complete genome sequence of an H10N8 avian influenza virus isolated from a live bird market in Southern China

An H10N8 avian influenza virus (AIV), designated A/Duck/Guangdong/E1/2012 (H10N8), was isolated from a duck in January 2012. This is first report that this subtype of AIV was isolated from a live bird market (LBM) in Guangdong Province in southern China. Furthermore, the complete genome of this strain was analyzed. The availability of genome sequences is helpful to further investigations of epidemiology and molecular characteristics of AIV in southern China.     

Stress-induced phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation of mitofusin 2 facilitates mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis

Mitochondria play central roles in integrating pro- and antiapoptotic stimuli, and JNK is well known to have roles in activating apoptotic pathways. We establish a critical link between stress-induced JNK activation, mitofusin 2, which is an essential component of the mitochondrial outer membrane fusion apparatus, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). JNK phosphorylation of mitofusin 2 in response to cellular stress leads to recruitment of the ubiquitin ligase (E3) Huwe1/Mule/ARF-BP1/HectH9/E3Histone/Lasu1 to mitofusin 2, with the BH3 domain of Huwe1 implicated in this interaction. This results in ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of mitofusin 2, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation and enhanced apoptotic cell death. The stability of a nonphosphorylatable mitofusin 2 mutant is unaffected by stress and protective against apoptosis. Conversely, a mitofusin 2 phosphomimic is more rapidly degraded without cellular stress. These findings demonstrate how proximal signaling events can influence both mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis through phosphorylation-stimulated degradation of the mitochondrial fusion machinery.     

Roles of DCL4 and DCL3b in rice phased small RNA biogenesis

Higher plants have evolved multiple proteins in the RNase III family to produce and regulate different classes of small RNAs with specialized molecular functions. In rice (Oryza sativa), numerous genomic clusters are targeted by one of two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR2118 and miR2275, to produce secondary small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of either 21 or 24 nucleotides in a phased manner. The biogenesis requirements or the functions of the phased small RNAs are completely unknown. Here we examine the rice Dicer-Like (DCL) family, including OsDCL1, -3a, -3b and -4. By deep sequencing of small RNAs from different tissues of the wild type and osdcl4-1, we revealed that the processing of 21-nucleotide siRNAs, including trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNA) and over 1000 phased small RNA loci, was largely dependent on OsDCL4. Surprisingly, the processing of 24-nucleotide phased small RNA requires the DCL3 homolog OsDCL3b rather than OsDCL3a, suggesting functional divergence within DCL3 family. RNA ligase-mediated 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends and parallel analysis of RNA ends (PARE)/degradome analysis confirmed that most of the 21- and 24-nucleotide phased small RNA clusters were initiated from the target sites of miR2118 and miR2275, respectively. Furthermore, the accumulation of the two triggering miRNAs requires OsDCL1 activity. Finally, we show that phased small RNAs are preferentially produced in the male reproductive organs and are likely to be conserved in monocots. Our results revealed significant roles of OsDCL4, OsDCL3b and OsDCL1 in the 21- and 24-nucleotide phased small RNA biogenesis pathway in rice.     

C肽与胰岛素双标记时间分辨荧光免疫分析法的建立及初步临床应用

建立钐(Sm3+)标记检测C肽(C-peptide)及铕(Eu3+)标记检测胰岛素(insulin)的双标记时间分辨荧光免疫分析法(TRFIA),并初步尝试检测人血C肽以及胰岛素含量.将抗C肽单克隆抗体(Biodesign No.E54094M)与抗insulin单克隆抗体(BiodesignNo.E86306M)混合包被96孔板,然后用Sm3+标记抗C肽单克隆抗体(Medix No.9103),Eu3+标记抗insulin单克隆抗体(Biodesign No.E86802M),运用双抗体夹心一步法建立C肽/胰岛素双标记时间分辨免疫荧光分析法.结果显示:C肽分析灵敏度为0.2μg/L,线性范围为0.5～22μg/L,平均回收率达到99.6%,分析内和分析间变异系数分别为4.6%～6.0%和5.1%～7.6%.胰岛素分析灵敏度为0.8 mU/L,线性范围为3.6～180 mU/L,平均回收率为99.4%,分析内和分析间变异系数分别为3.7%～6.0%和5.1%～8.0%.C肽/胰岛素双标记检测试剂与PerkinElmer公司对应的单标记进口试剂盒分别同时测定血清样本200份,检测结果高度相关,具有较好的一致性,相关系数分别为0.98与0.99.总之,自建C肽/胰岛素双标记时间分辨荧光免疫分析方法的性能均可以达到临床检测要求,有望替代现有国内外较为昂贵的单标记试剂,可用于胰岛素分泌不足导致的糖尿病诊断及糖尿病的大规模普查筛选.     

不同碳氮源对胶质芽孢杆菌GSY -1生物脱硅的影响

目的:探讨不同碳氮源对胶质芽孢杆菌GSY -1的生物脱硅效果的影响.方法:采用单因素试验并结合方差分析确定影响GSY -1生物脱硅的碳氮源种类及浓度,通过回归实验及响应面分析进一步优化培养条件,然后利用10L发酵罐进行放大实验验证.结果:研究发现,乳糖和尿素对GSY -1生物脱硅的影响均显著,其中尿素10g/L及乳糖13g/L时,培养液中铝硅比(A/S)分别可由2.84提高到5.45和5.42,通过响应面优化实验,确定尿素10.35g/L、乳糖12.60g/L时,菌株GSY -1的脱硅效果最佳,铝硅比由2.84提高到5.67,增幅达99.65%.经10 L发酵罐放大实验,测得浸矿后的铝硅比为5.07,较浸矿前提高78.52%.结论:乳糖和尿素对胶质芽孢杆菌GSY -1脱硅效果影响显著,响应面法可有效用于GSY -1菌株脱硅条件的优化.     

Immune synapse formation requires ZAP-70 recruitment by ezrin and CD43 removal by moesin

Immunological synapse (IS) formation involves receptor–ligand pair clustering and intracellular signaling molecule recruitment with a coincident removal of other membrane proteins away from the IS. As microfilament–membrane linkage is critical to this process, we investigated the involvement of ezrin and moesin, the two ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins expressed in T cells. We demonstrate that ezrin and moesin, which are generally believed to be functionally redundant, are differentially localized and have important and complementary functions in IS formation. Specifically, we find that ezrin directly interacts with and recruits the signaling kinase ZAP-70 to the IS. Furthermore, the activation of ezrin by phosphorylation is essential for this process. In contrast, moesin dephosphorylation and removal, along with CD43, are necessary to prepare a region of the cell cortex for IS. Thus, ezrin and moesin have distinct and critical functions in the T cell cortex during IS formation.     

IaaL基因的维管束特异表达导致烟草茎和根外植体分化能力的改变

我们利用水稻苯丙氨酸解氨酶启动子(AQ630)和吲哚乙酰胺赖氨酸酯合成酶基因(iaaL)构建了维管束特异表达的植物表达载体pBAL1并导入烟草基因组中。比较了对照植株、转基因植株的幼茎和根外植体在组织培养中分化能力的变化,结果表明转基因植株茎外植体的不定芽形成明显受到促进,而转化植株根外植体在不定根发生方面对外源IAA的敏感性下降。