虎血清H5 亚型流感病毒抗体调查

为查明我国圈养虎群中H5 亚型流感病毒的流行情况,应用血凝抑制(HI)方法检测了1998 ～ 2009 年间采集于哈尔滨、宜昌、桂林、唐山、上海和郑州等地的309 份虎血清样品的H5 亚型流感病毒抗体效价。结果发现1998 年4 月至2002 年4 月采集的20 份血清样品全部为H5 亚型流感病毒HI 抗体阴性。在2002 年7 月至2003
年6 月采样于上海、唐山、哈尔滨的34 只虎中,有31 只曾出现过高热、抽搐和肺炎症状,其中24 只虎的血清样品H5 亚型流感病毒HI 抗体呈阳性(抗体效价1∶ 10 ～ 1∶ 320),2 只无临床症状虎也为抗体阳性。对2004 年随机采集自哈尔滨的220 份血清样品调查发现抗体阳性率可达25.9% ,其中28 只有临床高热与肺炎病史的虎中有14 只抗体呈阳性(抗体效价1∶ 10 ～1∶ 80),其余无病史的192 只虎中有43 只抗体阳性。2009 年8 月采集的35 份血清中仅有3 份H5 阳性,抗体阳性率下降为8.6% 。上述结果表明H5 亚型流感病毒能够感染虎并对圈养虎的健康构成威胁,而且其公共卫生意义更值得关注。     

Responses of Hedysarum Laeve , a guerrilla clonal semi-shrub in the Mu Us sandland, to local sand burial

In arid and semi-arid inland deserts, one of the environmental stresses for plants is recurrent sand burial, which can influence the physical and biotic microenvironments of the plants and soil. Previous studies have shown that different levels of sand burial have different effects on plants. Slight sand burial could increase the height increment, leaf biomass and the number of new ramets of the plants while heavy sand burial could impair the growth of the plants and even decrease their chances of survival. In other words, below a certain threshold level of burial, the growth of plants is stimulated probably because of multiple factors. However, as the level of burial increases, the positive response starts to decline until it becomes a negative value. Arid and semi-arid inland deserts are frequently colonized and stabilized by many rhizomatous clonal plants. Clonal physiological integration often helps clonal plants buffer local environmental stress encountered by ramets. A rhizomatous clonal semishrub, Hedysarum laeve (H. laeve), is the dominant plant species and important for vegetation restoration in the Mu Us sandland. To investigate whether clonal integration can increase the threshold of sand burial and help rhizomatous H. laeve tolerate heavy sand burial, we conducted a field experiment. The results showed that slight sand burial could accelerate ramet growth and enhance leaf biomass, stem biomass and shoot biomass, while heavy sand burial reducesed the biomass of the plant and impairs survival and growth of the ramets. Clonal integration increased the threshold of sand burial. Under heavy sand burial, ramets connected to other ramets not buried in sand were more in terms of height increment, stem biomass, leaf biomass and shoot biomass compared to the ramets encountering sand burial but disconnected from other ramets. It suggested that clonal physiological integration could help H. laeve ramets tolerate relatively heavy sand burial. We also discussed that clonal integration plays a role in H. laeve presence in the Mu Us sandland. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology (formerly Acta Phytoecologica Sinica), 2006, 30(2): 278–285 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

Ecological niche modeling of the sympatric giant and red pandas on a mountain-range scale

Habitat use and separation between the two sympatric species, the giant panda and the red panda, have been primary causes of coexistence at the fine scale. In this paper, we addressed the question of coexistence between species in space. By Ecological Niche Factor Analysis, we calculated species-specific habitat requirements, built habitat suitability maps and examined interspecific differences in spatial niche parameters. According to the ENFA scores, suitable habitats in the giant and red panda are surrounded by high-altitude, and are rich in conifer forest. Compared with the giant panda, however, the red panda rather preferred sparse forests, and normally colonized far from village and road. Despite similar narrow niche breadth for both pandas, difference of niche overlap indices implied that the width of environmental niche of red pandas almost completely encompasses that of the giant panda. We, therefore, suggest that differences in use of ecological niche variables may contribute to coexistence of the sympatric species in space. Based on highly suitable locations of the sympatric species maps, most official reserves appear to be poorly located or are too small, and new reserves are recommended to be established in the central part of core habitats in the Liangshan Mountains.     

一些化学和物理因素对羊瘙痒因子263K蛋白酶抗性的影响

朊病毒(prion)具有超强的理化因素抵抗能力,可抵抗常规物理和化学因子对其感染性的灭活.为了研究不同理化因素对PrPSc蛋白酶抗性的影响,采用不同浓度的NaOH、NaOCl、SDS、温度变化以及3%SDS与温度变化联合处理羊瘙痒因子263K,再经蛋白酶K(Proteinase K,PK)消化,通过Western blot检测观测PrPSc的PK抗性.结果发现,上述几种理化因素对羊瘙痒因子263K的PK抗性有不同程度的破坏作用.NaOH浓度在0.05mol/L以上,NaOCl游离氯含量在0.1%以上,温度在121℃以上都能使PrPSc的PK抗性消失;而1%～5%SDS不能使PrPSc的PK抗性完全消失,3%SDS与温度的联合作用可有效地破坏PK抗性,同时使所需温度降低.还发现,在较低浓度的化学因子或温度的条件下即可出现PK抗性的破坏,而在较高浓度或温度处理时才出现蛋白本身的消失.这些结果提示,与PrPSc感染性的结果相似,PK抗性可受相似浓度或强度的理化因素影响,具有明显的浓度或强度相关性,对判定消除PrPSc的感染性有一定的指导意义.     

利用微生物重组技术促进羰基不对称还原研究进展

手性醇是许多手性药物合成的关键手性砌块,利用微生物细胞催化相应前手性羰基化合物不对称还原,是合成手性醇的重要方法之一。但应用野生微生物催化时,反应的时空产率、立体选择性较低。详细介绍了利用微生物重组技术以促进前手性羰基化合物不对称还原反应合成手性醇的国内外研究进展。从酶的种类、表达系统以及辅酶再生系统3个方面对重组细胞催化反应体系的构建进行了概述。同时按照反应底物的类型,对重组微生物在催化不同类型羰基化合物不对称还原合成手性醇中的应用分别进行了归纳和介绍。     

鸭肠炎病毒CHv强毒株超微结构研究

将鸭成纤维细胞培养的鸭肠炎病毒(DEV),经超声处理、高速冷冻差速离心后,采用酒石酸钾—甘油非线性密度梯度超速离心,收集病毒蛋白带,3%磷钨酸负染后观察病毒粒子形态。结果表明:病毒粒子主要集中在40%~50%酒石酸钾—甘油缓冲液交界层。电镜下,病毒粒子纯净,具有疱疹病毒典型形态结构,剖面六角,外观轮廓清楚。成熟病毒粒子直径约150~266nm,病毒囊膜、核衣壳和核心清晰可见;囊膜外层较内层着色略深,且可见尚未形成完整囊膜的柄状拖尾结构。多数病毒粒子以单核衣壳为主,一定数量的病毒具有双核衣壳,偶见三核衣壳,核衣壳直径为100~150nm,呈现致密圆形、半圆形或马蹄形等类型。在核衣壳外和囊膜之间可见明显的亮晕。核心DNA电子染色较深,集中分布,直径40~65nm。本文获得的清晰DEV负染超微结构照片,为该病毒结构生物学的研究提供了重要依据。     

达克宁栓配伍定君生治疗外阴阴道念珠菌病的疗效观察

目的探讨定君生辅助达克宁栓治疗外阴阴道念珠菌病（VVC）的临床效果。方法将2007年3月至2007年10月温州医学院第二附属医院门诊240例VVC患者随机分为两组。研究组120例,采用达克宁栓辅以定君生治疗;对照组120例,仅采用达克宁栓治疗。观察其治疗效果、治疗后复发率及治疗中的不良反应。结果两组治疗效果差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,但研究组复发率明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,应用定君生未出现严重的不良反应。结论在应用达克宁栓抗真菌治疗的同时,辅以阴道乳酸杆菌活菌制剂定君生调整阴道菌群失调,可有效的降低VVC的复发率。     

具钩竖毛螯石蛾(毛翅目,螯石蛾科)幼虫的线粒体DNA鉴定和记述

测定和分析了具钩竖毛螯石蛾成虫和幼虫及黄氏竖毛螯石蛾成虫的mtDNA-COⅠ、Ⅱ及tRNA-Leu基因序列,发现具钩竖毛螯石蛾成虫与幼虫的序列歧异度为1%,而具钩竖毛螯石蛾的成、幼虫与黄氏竖毛螯石蛾成虫的序列歧异度为14%和13%.对我国特有种具钩竖毛螯石蛾幼虫的形态特征进行了描述.     

无血清原代培养大鼠海马神经元的形态与膜电位

分离新生Wistar鼠海马,采用添加B27的无血清培养液进行海马神经元原代培养,动态观察海马神经元形态学变化;通过免疫荧光细胞化学法检测神经纤丝(NF)的表达,进行神经元鉴定及纯度计算;采用电位敏感的荧光探针标记神经元,在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜上动态监测去极化剂KCl作用前后膜电位的变化,观察神经元电生理反应。结果表明:此方法培养的大鼠海马神经元可在体外存活20天以上,9～14天为发育最成熟阶段,培养7天神经元纯度达90%。KCl作用于细胞后胞内荧光强度增强,细胞迅速去极化。本培养方法在体外获得高纯度的海马神经元并延长体外存活时间,且显示出神经元的电生理反应特性。