区域农业经济发展的能值分析

运用能值分析法,研究了辽宁省朝阳与抚顺2个农业经济系统在25年的发展过程中资源利用、产品生产、环境压力以及可持续性的变迁.结果表明:2个农业系统的生产过程对购入资源的依赖性都呈增强的态势,由于较多依赖于购入的不可更新资源,生产过程对当地环境产生较大压力;25年中,系统的生态可持续性急剧下降.在这一过程中,朝阳农业系统表现出可持续性的更快下降,能值可持续指数从1.25下降到0.11;同样的工业化过程给朝阳较脆弱的环境带来更大的压力;与投入更多不可更新资源相比,环境的保护与恢复应该是减少本地不可更新资源流失的更优策略.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Therapeutic DNA Vaccination as a Repair Strategy Following Spinal Cord Injury

Myelin-derived proteins, such as tenascin-R (TN-R), myelin associate glycoprotein (MAG), oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp), and Nogo-A, inhibit the central nervous system regeneration. In this study, the DNA vaccine encoding for oligodendrocyte and myelin-related antigens was employed to attenuate the axonal growth inhibitory properties of myelin in the setting of spinal cord injury. Using a rat spinal cord dorsal hemisection model, the vaccine directed against the inhibitory epitopes of Nogo-A, MAG, OMgp, and TN-R was administered intramuscularly once a week following spinal cord injury, supplemented with local application of specific anti-sera against the four antigens. Anterograde labeling of dorsal column fibers showed active axonal regeneration through the lesion site at the eighth week following the treatment in experimental group but not in control groups. Light microscopic and ultrastructural analysis revealed that vaccination with these myelin-related antigens did not lead to demyelinating disease. OMgp and TN-R levels were down-regulated at the lesion site together with a parallel increase in growth-associated protein 43 levels in the treatment groups. This study reveals the effective approach of a DNA vaccine strategy by attaining the special antibody to direct neutralization of the myelin inhibitors during spinal cord injury.     

黄芩乙醇提取物通过下调NAD特异的谷氨酸脱氢酶抑制哈维氏弧菌生长

哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi）是水产动物的常见致病菌,对人类健康和水产经济带来巨大威胁。抗生素的滥用使得药物残留和耐药性问题变得日益严重。因此,迫切需要寻找新型、不易产生耐药性和低毒的抗菌物质。本文研究黄芩醇提物对哈维氏弧菌的抑制作用及抑菌机制。实验结果表明,黄芩醇提物对哈维氏弧菌的抑菌圈为18.33±0.58 mm,最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）分别为7.92 mg/mL和15.84 mg/mL。经分析型扫描电镜（SEM）观察和细菌胞内外蛋白质浓度测定,发现实验组菌体表面虽有细小破裂,但形态依然完整,表面光滑,菌体细胞膜仍保持相对完整性;通过SDS-PAGE、蛋白质质谱(MALDI-TOF-TOF MS)和实时荧光定量PCR分析,显示黄芩醇提物抑制哈维氏弧菌体内NAD特异性的谷氨酸脱氢酶（NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD-GDH）及其mRNA的表达。本研究表明,黄芩醇提物通过下调NAD特异性的谷氨酸脱氢酶表达而抑制哈维氏弧菌的生长,为中药应用于水产养殖提供了新的证据。     

接头蛋白Gab1的结构及功能研究进展

Gab1蛋白属于接头蛋白Gab家族,该家族蛋白因能与生长因子受体结合蛋白2（Grb2）相结合而得名。作为接头蛋白,Gab1蛋白能被多种受体酪氨酸激酶或非受体酪氨酸激酶激活,接受胞外多种生长因子、细胞因子和一些T/B细胞抗原受体的刺激,介导PI3K/Akt和Ras/MAPK等多条信号转导途径,具有促进细胞生长、迁移、调节免疫等多种生物学功能,与糖尿病、肿瘤、心血管疾病等的发生发展密切相关。     

盐芥ICE1转录因子的克隆及生物信息学分析

ICE1基因编码一个MYB类型的碱性螺旋-环-螺旋(bHLH)转录因子,在冷胁迫条件下调节CBF基因的表达,能够提高植物抗寒性。利用盐芥5′EST序列和拟南芥ICE13′UTR保守序列设计引物,从盐芥基因组中克隆得到了1个2525bp的基因xhICE。生物信息学分析,表明该基因具有4个外显子,4个内含子,外显子/内含子边界符合经典的GT-AG规则。由此推导的cDNA包含一个1500bp的开放阅读框,编码500个氨基酸。与拟南芥ICE1相比,二者的内含子具有相同的类型和相对保守的位置,在核酸水平与氨基酸水平高度同源,并且具有相同的bHLH结构域。以上分析都表明,xhICE基因可能是盐芥ICE1基因,涉及抗寒相关的CBF转录调控途径。     

Risks of Avian Influenza Transmission in Areas of Intensive Free-Ranging Duck Production with Wild Waterfowl

For decades, southern China has been considered to be an important source for emerging influenza viruses since key hosts live together in high densities in areas with intensive agriculture. However, the underlying conditions of emergence and spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV) have not been studied in detail, particularly the complex spatiotemporal interplay of viral transmission between wild and domestic ducks, two major actors of AIV epidemiology. In this synthesis, we examine the risks of avian influenza spread in Poyang Lake, an area of intensive free-ranging duck production and large numbers of wild waterfowl. Our synthesis shows that farming of free-grazing domestic ducks is intensive in this area and synchronized with wild duck migration. The presence of juvenile domestic ducks in harvested paddy fields prior to the arrival and departure of migrant ducks in the same fields may amplify the risk of AIV circulation and facilitate the transmission between wild and domestic populations. We provide evidence associating wild ducks migration with the spread of H5N1 in the spring of 2008 from southern China to South Korea, Russia, and Japan, supported by documented wild duck movements and phylogenetic analyses of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 sequences. We suggest that prevention measures based on a modification of agricultural practices may be implemented in these areas to reduce the intensity of AIV transmission between wild and domestic ducks. This would require involving all local stakeholders to discuss feasible and acceptable solutions.     

文昌鱼profilin同源基因的胚胎发育表达图式

本研究利用胚胎整体原位杂交技术结合系列组织学切片技术,以及Northern blot 分析,对进化上处于特殊地位的模式动物文昌鱼profilin 基因不同发育时期的表达图式进行了系统研究,揭示了该基因的动态表达图式与肌肉分化的过程一致,文昌鱼profilin 基因可能与胚胎早期肌肉的发育相关。同时,通过Southern blot 检测对青岛文昌鱼profilin 基因可能存在的同源体进行了探讨,试图为弄清文昌鱼肌肉发育分化的分子机制提供资料。     

醋酸钙复盐对微生物生长的影响

应用四醋酸钙对黑曲霉、黄曲霉、米曲霉、链格孢霉等霉菌和大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌生长影响作了研究,并将四醋酸钙与醋酸钙、苯甲酸钠对上述微生物的生长抑制作用加以比较。0.4％四醋酸钙对上述细菌的生长有明显的抑制作用。对上述霉菌生长亦有一定的抑制作用。当其与苯甲酸钠协同使用时,能更明显地抑制微生物生长。实验结果表明四醋酸钙很可能是一种安全性高、成本低的新型食品防腐剂。     

遗传学实验教学改革初探

对遗传学实验教学改革从建立开放式实验的教学模式,加强对学生平时实验操作能力的考核,以及充分利用多媒体教学等方面进行了探讨,促进了遗传学教学水平的提高。更加注重对学生综合能力的培养,使学生真正成为具有良好的职业素质和较强的实践能力的实用型人才。