Aromaticity of the completely annelated tetraphenylenes: NICS and GIMIC characterization

A series of heterocyclic and hydrocarbon [8]circulenes (also named completely annelated tetraphenylenes) were studied by the NICS and GIMIC methods in order to describe their aromatic properties from the magnetic criterion point of view. According to calculations all the hetero[8]circulene molecules demonstrate the bifacial aromatic/antiaromatic nature. The inner octatetraene core of the studied [8]circulenes is characterized by the presence of paratropic (“antiaromatic”) ring currents, whereas the outer macrocycle constructed from the five- and six-membered rings possesses the magnetically-induced diatropic (“aromatic”) ring current. The hydrocarbon [8]circulenes studied in this work consist of a similar planar cyclooctatetraene core but they exhibit a rather different balance of magnetically-induced ring currents.

Aromaticity of the completely annelated tetraphenylenes

     

Free haemagglutinin in inactivated whole virus influenza vaccines

While studying the haemagglutinin content of whole virus inactivated influenza vaccines by the single radial diffusion test and quantitative electron microscopy, it was found that not all haemagglutinin measured by single radial diffusion was bound to virions, a part of it being in a free state. The influence of unbound haemagglutinin on the immunogenicity of whole virus inactivated influenza vaccine is discussed. In addition, the use of single radial diffusion for the assessment of unbound haemagglutinin is suggested.     

An update on the validation of whole slide imaging systems following FDA approval of a system for a routine pathology diagnostic service in the United States

Pathologists have used light microscopes and glass slides to interpret the histologic appearance of normal and diseased tissues for more than 150 years. The quality of both microtomes used to cut tissue sections and microscopes has improved significantly during the past few decades, but the process of rendering diagnoses has changed little. By contrast, major advances in digital technology have occurred since the introduction of hand held electronic devices, including the development of whole slide imaging (WSI) systems with software packages that can convert microscope images into virtual (digital) slides that can be viewed on computer monitors and via the internet. To date, however, these technological developments have had minimal impact on the way pathologists perform their daily work, with the exception of using computers to access electronic medical records and scholarly web sites for pertinent information to assist interpretation of cases. Traditional practice is likely to change significantly during the next decade, especially since the Federal Drug Administration in the USA has approved the first WSI system for routine diagnostic practice. I review here the development and slow acceptance of WSI by pathology departments. I focus on recent advances in validation of WSI systems that is required for routine diagnostic reporting of pathology cases using this technology.     

Recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (filgrastim) of prolonged action: Optimization of conditions for extraction and purification from inclusion bodies

A unified technology platform for the production of two medical products with nonprolonged and prolonged action on the basis of the recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) was developed. The production cost for the previously developed domestic medical product was reduced by the unified technology. Moreover, the introduction of an additional step for the PEGylation of the recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor to the technological line allowed the start of the production of a new generation of the medical product and standardization of the documenting procedure for the technological process in accordance with GMP requirements.     

On the analogy of stability of tangential discontinuities in hydrodynamics and in nonisothermal collisionless plasma

Analogy between stability of tangential discontinuities in an ideal liquid in conventional hydrodynamics and in collisionless nonisothermal plasma with T _e ≫ T _i is shown. The difference is due to specific features of dispersion of ion sound waves in nonisothermal plasma in the short-wavelength range, in which the lasma quasineutrality is violated and the dispersion curve tends to the ion Langmuir frequency.     

Risk factors and transmission routes of the causative agents of campylobacteriosis in commercial poultry plants]

The study, carried out in two regions of the USSR and aimed at estimation of the contamination of products supplied by industrial poultry complexes (IPC), revealed that the contamination of these products was closely related to the Campylobacter contamination of the personnel of IPC. The causes of high Campylobacter contamination of the products of IPC at all technological stages of their production are described. The species, serovars and biovars of Campylobacter strains isolated from different sources were determined, which made it possible to carry out the specific and intraspecific differentiation of these strains.     

The leading routes and factors in the transmission of the causative agent of campylobacteriosis under current conditions]

Epidemiological investigations carried out at the foci of Campylobacter infection in Moscow and the Moscow region in 1987-1990 demonstrated that Campylobacter infection was recently registered as sporadic cases in a few foci. The alimentary route of the transmission of this infection was the main factor of its spread. A high role of everyday contacts in the spread of this infection was noted. The possibility for outbreaks and sporadic cases of Campylobacter infection to be masked by very frequently occurring associations of these bacteria is discussed.     

A plasma receiving dipole antenna

Results from experimental studies of a short-wave plasma dipole transceiver antenna are presented. The efficiency of the plasma receiving antenna is estimated, and the optimal frequency range for excitation and reception under the given experimental conditions is determined.