黑斑蛙嗅器和犁鼻器的组化及超微结构特征

嗅感受器主要感知外界环境中化学信号分子.本文采用银染、NADPH-组化染色和电镜技术来观察黑斑侧褶蛙(Petophylax nigromaculatus)的嗅器和犁鼻器的功能差异及细胞组成.银染法可对嗅上皮和犁鼻上皮的细胞进行分类及区分.其中,支持细胞胞核深染成黑色,嗅细胞胞核银染为花斑状.细胞计数显示,犁鼻上皮的嗅神经细胞含量百分比显著高于嗅上皮.组化结果显示,黑斑侧褶蛙嗅上皮和犁鼻上皮对NADPH-d表达模式差异显著,前者表达明显高于后者.电镜结果显示,黑斑侧褶蛙嗅上皮和犁鼻上皮的支持细胞由两种类型的细胞组成,分别为纤毛型和颗粒型支持细胞.     

甲状腺激素在两栖动物变态过程中的作用

两栖动物的幼体变态是研究甲状腺激素调节组织和器官重构的理想模式。本文主要综述了近年来两栖动物甲状腺激素合成过程中3种脱碘酶D1、D2和D3的特点及其生物学功能;甲状腺激素受体的蛋白结构、类型和机能;以及甲状腺激素对两栖动物幼体变态过程中各个类型组织和器官重构的调节;甲状腺激素、甲状腺激素受体和脱碘酶的互作,并展望了今后的研究方向。     

Pulsed ultrasound promotes melanoblast migration through upregulation of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor/focal adhesion kinase autocrine signaling and paracrine mechanisms

Repigmentation of vitiliginous lesions relies on the proliferation and migration of melanoblasts from hair follicles to the epidermis. Pulsed ultrasound has been demonstrated to have stimulatory effects on cell proliferation and migration and has been applied clinically to enhance tissue repair. To clarify the biologic effects and signaling mechanisms of pulsed ultrasound on melanoblast proliferation and migration, two melanoblast cell lines, the undifferentiated NCCmelb4 cells and the differentiated NCCmelan5 cells, were examined. We demonstrated that pulsed ultrasound increased cell migration in a dose‐dependent manner without altering cell proliferation. Pulsed ultrasound enhanced autocrine secretion of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF), which subsequently activated the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway to promote melanoblast migration. Furthermore, conditioned medium from mouse embryonic fibroblasts NIH 3T3 and primary human keratinocytes treated with pulsed ultrasound could stimulate melanoblast migration through a paracrine effect. Our results provide a novel mechanism to promote migration of melanoblasts by pulsed ultrasound stimulation.     

MORPHOMETRICS QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BUFO GARGARIZANS TADPOLES BASED ON THE LARVAL CHONDROCRANIUM

采用TPS(thin-plate spline)形态计量软件计量了中华蟾蜍Bufo gargarizans幼体蝌蚪发育中软骨性颅骨的11项形态指标的变化,采用颅骨总长(TLC,the total length of chondrocranium)线性回归分析了各形态特征与颅骨总长的关系.通过对中华蟾蜍幼体蝌蚪颅骨的线性形态测量,结果表明喙上软骨、内睑部关节距等呈负异速生长,外睑部关节距呈同速生长;听囊等感受结构呈正异速生长,与Emerson等人的观点有所不同.基于中华蟾蜍幼体蝌蚪各期样本之间颅骨的发育存在着较大的差异,在实验样本的选取中既要考虑Gosner的分期,还要考虑同期蝌蚪个体体型大小.